This document provides information about two biology lab experiments. The first investigates how abiotic factors like temperature affect the respiration rate of goldfish. It outlines the hypothesis, materials, procedures, observations and conclusions. The second experiment examines cellular respiration, the process by which living things obtain energy from food. It defines cellular respiration and explains how glucose and oxygen are used in mitochondria to produce energy, carbon dioxide and water in a cycle with photosynthesis.

1. My Gills Beat for You
Investigating Effects of Abiotic Factors

2. Key Objectives:
 The student will:
– Investigate and understand
the effects abiotic factors can
have on an organism

3. Key Objectives:
 The student will:
– Investigate and understand
what a limiting factor is and
how it effects an organism’s
survival

4. Key Terms
 E.D.D.
 Hypotheses
 Independent
variable
 Dependent
variable
 Constant
 Control
 Repeated Trials
 Limiting Factors
 Gills
 Chemical Bond

5. E.D.D
 The Experimental Design
Diagram
– A tool used by scientists to
formulate or design an
experiment

6. E.D.D
 Includes but is not limited to use of the
following organizational terms:
Hypothesis, Independent Variable,
Dependant Variable, Control,
Constant, Repeated Trials

7. Hypothesis
 An educated guess to the
outcome of an experiment

8. Hypothesis
 Often witten as an If…Then
…statement
– Ex. If I turn up the thermostat, Then
it will get hot in here

9. Independent Variable
 What is being tested in an
experiment.
– This can be manipulated or
changed between trials

10. Dependant Variable
 The outcome of the experiment
– The answers/results of the trials

11. Constant
 Everything that never changes
in an experiment. These
remain the same or “constant”
between trials

12. Control
 An experiment set aside with
nothing manipulated.
– Its purpose is to have something
to compare to an experiment’s
results

13. Repeated Trials
 Each successive test
performed during an
experiment.
– The purpose of repeated trials is
to eliminate experimental error
and to confirm data.

14. Limiting Factors
 Anything that would cause a
population not to thrive, not to
reproduce or to decrease in
size

15. Gills
 In fish and other aquatic
organisms they are a
respiratory organ that extracts
dissolved oxygen from water
through the process of
diffusion

16. Gills

18. Lab Time
Now it is time to introduce
the new lab.
Pease open your Green lab
guides to page 61
Read the introduction
silently as I read it aloud

19. Let’s get started!

20. P
What is the problem?
–What are we going to
do?

21. Hypothesis
Let’s now read the
hypothesis

22. I
What do we know
about “Limiting
Factors?”

23. M
What materials do we
have?
–Is there any thing else
we need?

24. P
Let’s list the
procedures for the
experiment

25. Step 1
 Fill a 250 mL beaker with 250
mL of room temperature
aquarium water

26. Step 2
 Add 1 goldfish to the water

27. Step 3
 Record the temperature of the
water in degrees Celsius

28. Step 4
 Count the fish’s respiration rate
for 20 seconds and record it on
the data table as trial 1

29. Step 5
 Repeat step 4 two more times
and record data as trial 2 and
trial 3

30. Step 6
 Calculate the average number
of fish respirations

31. Step 7
 Place the 250 mL beaker with
the fish inside it into a 600 mL
beaker of water.

32. Step 8
 Add cold water to the 600 mL
beaker until the temperature
decreases at least 5 oC
 Record the new temperature in
degrees Celsius

33. Step 9
 Repeat steps 4, 5 and 6 with
the cold water

34. Step 10
 Carefully return the goldfish to
his aquarium

35. Step 11
 We are finished with the data
collection portion of the lab

36. O
Let’s complete the data
table by recording our
observations

37. C
What conclusions can
we make about the
effect of cold water on
the breathing rate of a
goldfish?

39. Essential Learnings
 Scientists are always using
experiments to find answers to
questions about the world
around us
 Experimentation needs to be
consistent for research to be
accurate

40. Essential Learnings
 First of all a problem must be
identified to solve before any
experiment can be performed
 Then an experiment must be
designed

41. Essential Learnings
 The Experimental Design
Diagram or E.D.D. is a
tool/model used by scientists to
attempt to standardize the way
experiments are performed

42. Essential Learnings
 When there is consistency in
experiments, scientists can better
verify conclusions and make more
accurate predictions and
conclusions as well as repeat
experiments for ACCURACY

43. Essential Learnings
 To ensure consistency and
accuracy in experiments many parts
of the experiment must remain
constant or the same during each
repeated trial

44. Essential Learnings
 When the scientist predicts an
outcome of the experiment he
is creating a hypothesis

45. Essential Learnings
 He tests the hypothesis by
manipulating only one part of
the experiment which is called
the independent variable

46. Essential Learnings
 The Scientist compares the results
or the Dependent Variable to a
control to identify any changes

47. Cellular Respiration

48. Key Objectives:
 The student will:
– Investigate and understand the
physical and chemical process of
cellular respiration and its
importance to plant life

49. Key Objectives:
 The student will:
– Use words or chemical equations
to compare and contrast the
process of photosynthesis and
respiration in terms of raw
materials required, products
produced and cellular organelles
involved

50. Cellular Respsiration
 The process in which all living
things including plants obtain
energy stored in food

51. Essential Leranings
 All livings turn food into energy
through a process called
cellular respiration

52. Essential Leranings
 Cellular respiration is a
chemical process that occurs in
each a cell in an organelle
called the mitochondria

53. Essential Leranings
 In the mitochondria, glucose
molecules are combined with
Oxygen to release energy and
produce Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
and Water (H2O)

54. Essential Leranings
 Photosynthesis provides food
and oxygen necessary for
cellular respiration of all plants
and animals

55. Essential Leranings
 During respiration Oxygen is
used and Carbon Dioxide is
given off to the environment
where it becomes available for
producers to use again

56. Essential Leranings
 Matter, in this case Oxygen and
Carbon Dioxide is recycled
 This is known as The Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide Cycle
– Part of the Carbon Cycle