This document discusses using fly ash as an alternative filler in bituminous mixes. It aims to reduce costs by replacing conventional fillers like cement. The objectives are to study fly ash's use in road construction and evaluate modified Marshall properties. A literature review found that fly ash improved stability, strength retention in water, and acted as an anti-stripping agent. The document outlines the materials used - aggregates, bitumen, fillers like cement and fly ash. It details the methodology of conducting Marshall tests to determine properties like stability, flow, density and voids for mixes with different fillers. The conclusion is that these tests will identify the most cost-effective mix.

1. UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH AS
ALTERNATIVE FILLER IN
BITUMINOUS MIX
PRESENTED
BY
SAHINSHA BADSHA
AND
TUHIN CHAKROBORTY

2. LIST OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
LITERATURE REVIEW
MATERIALS
AGGREGATES
BITUMEN
FILLER
METHODOLOGY AND TEST PROGRAM
MARSHALL TEST
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION

4.  Rapid industrialization and large scale infrastructural
development in India, has resulted in huge scarcity of
construction materials and tremendous increase in the
environmental pollution.
 Disposal issue of the waste product is a challenge . In
India ,95 million ton of fly ash is generated every year ,
which occupied approximately 65000 acres of land. So loss
of valuable land.
 Generally cement are used as a filler in bituminous mix,
but the cost of cement is much high , hence hear project
cost is increase.
 Concerned about this, the scientists are looking for
alternative filler for bituminous mix, that may reduce the
pollution and disposal problem

5. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

6.  The objective of this project is to detail study about
the fly ash that can be used as a road construction
and pavement construction material.
 To use of Fly ash as replacement of conventional filler
in a certain percentage to minimize the cost of
utilization of cement, lime or stone dust.
 To evaluate the modified Marshall properties for
utilization of Fly ash.
 To solve the environmental pollution caused by Fly ash
usually dumped near by the plant

7. LITERATURE REVIEW

8.  Over the years, a number of works related to improvement
of bitumen with addition different waste material were
reported in the literature.
SL.NO NAME REVIEW
1 Warden et
al. (1952)
Fly ash was a suitable filler material in terms of
mixing, placing and composition, stability,
resistance to water damage, and flexibility.
2 Carpenter
(1952)
Determined that a class F fly ash resulted in an
excellent effect on the retained compressive
strength for asphalt concrete specimens
immersed in water.
3 Zimmer
(1970)
Analyzed the effect of carbon content on fly ash.
His result revealed that specimens that are
prepared by using fly ash had higher retained
strength after immersing them in water.

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
4 Sankaran
and Rao
(1973)
made a comparison of fly ash with other fillers,
such as kaolin clay and crushed dust. They
pointed out that fly ash at 2% filler content
provided the highest stability among the other
fillers.
5 Henning
(1974)
investigated the effect of a class C fly ash on
asphalt mixture properties. He concluded that the
addition of 4% fly ash resulted in the higher
stability and flow, but ended up with lower air
voids. Henning also stated that fly ash created an
improvement in the stability after immersion in
water.
6 Rosner et
al. (1982)
used fly ash as mineral filler and anti-stripping
agent for asphalt concrete mixtures. They showed
that the retained strength of the samples increased
as additional fly ash was used in the prepared
mixtures. IN most of their cases, the retained
strengths of fly ash mixtures were considerably
greater than those using natural filler materials.

10. 47%
41%
7%
5%
Sales
Coarse aggregate
Fine aggregate
Filler
Bitumen
Composition of Bituminous mix

11. MATERIALS
 AGGREGATES:
Generally two type aggregates are
use in bituminous mix.
 Coarse aggregate
Coarse aggregate is the aggregate most
of which is retained on 4.75 mm IS sieve and
contains only so much finer material as is
permitted by specification
 Fine aggregate
Fine aggregate is the aggregate most of
which passes 4.75 mm IS sieve and contains only
so much coarser as is permitted by specification.

12. Coarse Fine
aggregate aggregate

13. BITUMEN
 Bitumen is a black or dark coloured solid or viscous
cementitious substance having an adhesive properties.
 It consists chiefly high molecular weight hydrocarbons
derived from distillation of petroleum or natural asphalt.
 It is a semi-solid hydrocarbon product produced by
removing the lighter fractions (such as liquid petroleum
gas, petrol and diesel) from heavy crude oil during the
refining process.

14. FILLER
 The filler materials used in this study consisted of coal waste ash. The
amount of these fillers was selected as equal to 7% by total mass of
aggregates. Different type of filler are describe below……
CEMENT-
The most general sense of the word, cement is a binder, a substance
that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together.
Portland cement is by far the most common type of cement in general use
around the world. Portland cement may be grey or white.

15. FLY ASH
 It is one of the residues generated in combustion of coal.Comprises of
fine particles which rise with the flue gases.One of the major pollutants
which originate from combustion.
 Fly ash are two type ,those are……
Class F- Produced by burning of anthracite and bituminous coal. It is
pozzolanic in nature and contains less than 20% lime.
Class C- Produced by burning young lignite or sub- bituminous coal. It is
both pozzolanic and self- cementing in nature. Contains more than 20% lime

16. METHODOLOGY AND TEST
PROGRAM:-

17.  From the earlier information it has been observed that a lot of work
has been done on bitumen adding with various types of waste
materials. However achieving the better quality by improving some
properties of bitumen, waste materials will play a crucial part. So the
aim of work is to determine the different improved properties bitumen
by using fly ash as a filler material and work will be done by
performing some tests in laboratory.

18. Test program
 Marshall test
Marshall Stability test is conducted on
compacted cylindrical specimens of bituminous mix of
diameter 101.6 mm and thickness 63.5 mm. The load is
applied perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical
specimen through a testing head consisting of a pair of
cylindrical segments, at a constant rate of deformation
of 51 mm per minute at the standard test temperature
of 60 degree centigrade.

19.  The ‘Marshall Stability’ of the bituminous mix specimen
is defined as a maximum load carried in kg at the
standard test temperature of 60 degree centigrade
when load is applied under specified test conditions.
The ‘Flow Value’ is the total deformation that the
Marshall test specimen under-goes at the maximum
load, expressed in mm units. The Marshall stability
value of a compacted specimen of bituminous mix
indicates its resistance to deformation under applied
load and the flow value indicates the extent of
deformation it undergoes due to loading or its
‘flexibility’. The Marshall Stability test concept is
illustrated in Fig.

20. CONCLUSION
We have to determined Marshall parameter for both filler
(cement & fly ash) such as
 Bulk density determination.
 Stability and flow test.
 Density and voids analysis.
We shall use cement and fly ash as a filler in
bituminous mix.so that we can choose the most cost
effective mix by comparing different mould.