This document discusses using waste plastic to enhance bituminous mixes used for road construction. Laboratory studies showed that waste plastic improves properties of bituminous mixes. This provides an environmentally friendly solution for plastic disposal. The document outlines the need for the study, materials used, process steps, and tests conducted. It examines using different types and percentages of waste plastic in mixes. Results found that up to 2% plastic increased properties like aggregate impact value but higher percentages reduced ductility and caused other issues. The conclusion is that using waste plastic in road construction is an economical and eco-friendly option for countries like India.

2. NEED FOR THE STUDY:
 1) Disposal of waste plastic is a major
problem
2) It is non-biodegradable
3) Burning of these waste plastic bags
causes environmental pollution.
4) It mainly consists of low-density
polyethylene

3.  5) To find its utility in bituminous mixes for
road construction laboratory performance
studies were conducted on bituminous
mixes. Laboratory studies proved that waste
plastic enhances the property of the mix
6) Improvement in properties of bituminous
mix provides the solution for disposal in an
useful way

4. INTRODUCTION
Bitumen is a useful binder for road
construction. Different grades of
bitumen like 30/40, 60/70 and 80/ 100
are available on the basis of their
penetration values.
Today the availability of the waste
plastics is enormous, as the plastic
materials have become part and parcel
of daily life.

5. Cont..,
 Thinner polythene carry bags are most
abundantly disposed of wastes, which do
not attract the attending rag pickers for
collection for onward recycling, for lesser
value.
 The waste polymer bitumen blend can be
prepared and a study of the properties can
throw more light on their use for road
laying.

6. DIFFERENT TYPE OF WASTE PLASTIC
(POLYMER) AND ITS ORIGIN:
 Type of waste plastic (polymer) origin
Low density polyethylene (LDPE):
High density polyethylene (HDPE):
Polypropylene (PP):
Polystyrene (PS):
Foamed Polystyrene:
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC):

7. MATERIALS USED in mix process
 1) AGGREGATE: Aggregate of 20mm, 10
mm. Stone Dust and Lime as Filler
 2) BITUMEN : 60/70, 80/100 grade bitumen
 3) WASTE PLASTIC: Waste plastic in the
shredded form.

8. Types of plastic
waste used
The following types
of waste plastic can be used in
the construction of rural roads:
Films ( Carry Bags, Cups) thickness
up to 60micron (PE, PP and PS)
Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) sheets or Flux sheets should not be
used in any case.

9. Steps of process of making the mix

10. Process-1
The Waste Plastic
in different forms
(HDPE,LDPE,PP,
PS,PE )is
collected.
The waste plastic
may be in the
form of
carrybags,
manufacturing
covers etc..,

11. PROCESS STEP 2
Plastics waste
(bags,cups,thermoc
ole) made out of
PE,PP and PS cut
into a size between
2.36mm and
4.75mm using
shredding machine
(Aggletometor),
(PVC waste should
be eliminated).

12. PROCESS STEP 3
At the mixing
chamber, the
shredded plastics
waste is to be added.
It get coated
uniformly over the
aggregate within 30
to 60 seconds,
giving an oily look.

13. PROCESS STEP 4
The plastics waste
coated aggregate is
mixed with hot
bitumen and the
resulted mix is used
for road constructio
n. The road laying
temperature is
between 110°c to
120°c.
The roller used is
8-tonne capacity.

14. Characteristics of the process:
 Easy process without any new machinery
 In situ process
 Use of lesser % of bitumen and thus savings
on bitumen resource
 Use of plastics waste for a safe and eco-
friendly process

15. Cont...,
 Both Mini Hot Mix Plant and Central
Mixing Plant can be used
 Only aggregate is polymer coated and
bitumen is not modified
 No evolution of any toxic gases like dioxin
 Fly ash can also be used to give a better
performance

17. Step-1
Initially ,before laying the road the surveying
is carried out and the ground is made
levelled by two processes
1.Cutting
2.Filling
After surveying the road is compressed with
the help of roller to reduce the voids of soil
particles.

18. Step-2
Levelled and
compressed
ground is
filled with all
the layers in
cross section
of a road and
again
compressed.

19. Step-3
After laying
the layers of
road ,polymer
bitumien mix
is laid and
compressed
with roller of 8
tonnes weight.

20. TESTS FOR AGGREGATE
 -Sieve Analysis of Aggregates
 Specific Gravity & Water Absorption Test [IS:
2386 (Part 3) 1963]
 Aggregate Impact Value Test [IS: 2386 (part 4)
1963]
 Aggregate Crushing Value [IS: 2386 (Part 4)
1963]
 Flakiness & Elongation Index Test [IS: 2386
(part 1) 1963]

21. Tests for bitumen
 Penetration Test [Is: 1203-1978]
 Softening Point Test [Is: 1205-1978]
 Ductility Test [IS: 1208-1978]
 Viscosity Test:
 Flash Point and Fire Point
 Marshall Test

23. Plastic road increases Aggregate Impact Value
Percentage % of plastics Aggregate Impact Value
NILL 25.4
1% 27.20
2% 28.50

24. % of plastics Ductility (cm) Penetration
(mm)
Softening
point
1% 64 95 54
2% 55 90 50
3% 20 80 50
5% 11 55 72
10% 7 NILL 75
Use of high amount of plastic in bitumen is not favourable

25. PP,PE,PS CO,CO2 but no Cl2
Use of PE, PP and PS can not liberate dioxin even on burning
PVC CO,CO2,Cl2 &HCl
C+O2+Cl2+Cu II Catalyst
300-350 degree partial
Dioxin
PVC alone on heating may result in dioxin formation
(300‐350 deg. C) (reverse cooling)
Thermal Behaviour of plastic

27. Planning
 To construct a 68 m plastic bitumen road
infront of the college canteen in Avanthi
Engineering college,Hyderabad.
 Length includes from the culvert near the
MBA block to Engineering work shop.

28. Site observation
 The length to be
constructed is of 67.7 m
 Width of the lane is 7 m
 The lane has a slight
divert in direction after
the hostel canteen and is
of not levelled
 The lane is already filled
with base and sub-base
course layers.

30. Estimation of test values from
previous projects went success
 1. Bitumen:
 i) Penetration Test – 35 mm
 ii) Ductility Test – 6.5 N/mm2
 iii) Softening Point Test – 70˚ C
 iv) Flash & Fire Point – 265˚ C & 290˚ C

31. Cont..,
 2. Aggregate:
 i) Specific Gravity - 2.82
 ii) Water Absorption Test - 2.1 %
 iii) Impact Value Test - 8.77 %
 iv) Abrasion Test – 15.7 %

32. Cont..,
 Plastics:-
 1.Size : 2.36 mm - 4.75 mm
 Aggletometor is used for shredding.
 Specifications of aggletometor:
 - Vessels size 600mm dia. X 900mm ht.
 - Rotatory knives-4.
 - Fix knives -6.
 -Ph induction A.C. Motor
 -30hpmake Crompton greaves ATK 222 Model SE/A2 30
HP.
 - Length of blade-200mm.

33. Cont...,
 Aggregate Impact value - should be less than 10%
 Aggregate crushing value - range between 30-35 %
 Specific Gravity - 2.5-3.0 %
 Water absorption - less than 10%
 Abrasion value – less than 10%

34. Estimation of materials
 68 m length
 4 m width
 3.5 cm/35 mm/0.035 m thickness
 Bitumen required 1 tonne i.e., 15 kg/m
 Plastics required 100 kg

35. Estimation of cost without labour
and machine
 Cost of 1 tonne Bitumen is Rs.30,000/tonne
 Cost of waste plastic shredded is of Rs.12-18/kg
 At present estimated cost from live site details is as follows
1 cu.m - Rs.10,000 for normal road i.e.,4 m width
1 cu.m - Rs.8000 for plastic road i.e.., 4 m width.
So from above information
68 x0.035 x 4 = 9.52 cu.m
9.52 x 10,000 = Rs. 95,200/- for normal bitumen road
9.52 x 8,000 = Rs. 76,160+1800=Rs.77,960/- for plastic roads
Net Cost saved = Rs.17,240/- app-Rs.18,000/-

36. Advantages
 More Economical
 Reduces Bitumen Percentage upto 10%
 Increase strength and performance of road.
 Eco-Friendly project
 Reduces plastic waste in Ecosystem

37. Disadvantages
Toxics present in co-mingled plastic
waste start leaching.
Presence of cl2 definately release HCl
gas

38. Conclusion
 By utilization of such polymer waste would be a boon
for India’s hot and extremely humid climate, where
temperature frequently crosses 50 degree Centigrade.
 As it is also more economical,it can e encouraged in
the countries like India which are developing
countries.
 As it is Eco-Friendly project the Government
undertake the project in the part Swach Bharat &
Swach Telangana.

39. A Project by.......
G.Shiva Krishna -12PT1A0112
(project Group leader )
G.Vamshidhar Rao -12PT1A0113
Ch.Srikanth – 12PT1A0108
K.Naveen – 12PT1A0117

40. Queries ???