This document summarizes a mini project on partially replacing cement with fly ash in M30 grade concrete. The project was carried out by civil engineering students at Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences under the guidance of an assistant professor. Fly ash was used to replace cement at different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) and the compressive strength of the resulting concrete mixtures was tested. Previous research on using fly ash as a cement replacement and its effects on concrete properties is also reviewed. The project aims to determine the feasibility and effects of using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete.
This document summarizes a research project on replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. A group of civil engineering students at Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences conducted the project under the guidance of an assistant professor. The project examines replacing cement at different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%) with fly ash and silica fume in M-30 grade concrete mixes. The document reviews literature on using fly ash in concrete and its effects on compressive strength. It discusses the properties and production of fly ash, and the advantages and disadvantages of using fly ash in concrete. The scope and objectives of the research are to determine the feasibility and influence on mechanical properties of using fly ash to replace cement and fine aggregate in concrete mixtures.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON METAKAOLIN CEMENT CONCRETE WITH ROCK SANDIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on the use of metakaolin and rock sand in concrete. Metakaolin was used to replace 5-25% of cement by weight, and rock sand partially replaced river sand. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and split tensile strength at 7, 28, and 90 days. The highest compressive strength was achieved with 15% metakaolin replacement at 28 days and 20% replacement at 90 days. The highest split tensile strength was with 20% metakaolin replacement at 28 days. In conclusion, the addition of metakaolin and use of partial rock sand improved the strength properties of the concrete.
Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study o...IJERD Editor
This document presents research on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Concrete cubes were produced with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% cement replacement by fly ash. The cubes were cured in water as well as 1%, 3%, and 5% sulfuric acid solutions. Compressive strength was tested at 28, 60, and 90 days. Results showed that cubes with 10% fly ash replacement had the highest strength when cured in water and acid solutions. Fly ash concrete also demonstrated improved durability in acidic environments compared to normal concrete. In general, fly ash concrete performed better with increasing curing time and showed potential to enhance concrete durability.
This document examines using coal ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Coal ash was substituted for cement at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. Testing found that concrete with a 5% substitution of coal ash exhibited only a slight decrease in compressive strength of 2% at 28 days while gaining improved workability. Higher substitution rates of 10% and 15% coal ash led to greater decreases in compressive and tensile strength. The study concludes that a 5% substitution of coal ash for cement provides benefits of reduced cost and improved workability with minimal strength impacts, representing an effective use of a waste material that addresses sustainability.
1) The document studies the use of marble powder as a partial replacement for cement in normal compacting concrete.
2) Five concrete mixes were tested with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with marble powder to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days.
3) The results showed that compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths generally increased up to 10% replacement of cement with marble powder compared to the normal mix without replacement. Higher replacements of 15% and 20% typically showed reduced strengths compared to the 10% replacement mix.
Examining the Use of Pond Ash and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in Place of Cement and ...IRJET Journal
This document examines using pond ash and rice husk ash to replace cement and fine aggregates in concrete. It discusses how replacing up to 15% of cement with rice husk ash and up to 10% of fine aggregates with pond ash can increase the compressive strength of concrete while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The document provides background on rice husk ash and pond ash, including their particle sizes and chemical compositions. It also reviews several other studies that examined using these materials to replace cement and fine aggregates in concrete mixes.
Experimental Investigations of Mechanical properties on Micro silica (Silica ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : The Now a day, we need to look at a way to reduce the cost of building materials, particularly
cement is currently so high that only rich people and governments can afford meaningful construction. Studies
have been carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a broad range of materials as partial replacement
materials for cement in the production of concrete. This study investigated the strength properties of Silica fume
and fly ash concrete. This work primarily deals with the strength characteristics such as compressive, Split
tensile and flexural strength. High performance concrete a set of 7 different concrete mixture were cast and
tested with different cement replacement levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% 12.5% and15%) of Fly ash (FA) with
silica fume (SF) as addition ( 0%,5%,10 % ,15% ,25and 30%) by wt of Cement and/or each trial super
plasticizer has been added at constant values to achieve a constant range of slump for desired work ability with
a constant water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.30.Specimens were produced and cured in a curing tank for 3, 7, 14
and 28 days. The cubes were subjected to compressive strength tests after density determination at 3,7,14 and
28 days respectively. The chemical composition and physical composition of micro silica, FlyAsh and cement
were determined. The density of the concrete decreased with increased in percentage of micro silica and Fly ash
replacement up to 15%. Increase in the level of micro silica fume and Fly ash replacement between 30% to 45%
led to a reduction in the compressive strength of hardened concrete. This study has shown that between 15 to
22.5% replacement levels, concrete will develop strength sufficient for construction purposes. Its use will lead
to a reduction in cement quantity required for construction purposes and hence sustainability in the
construction industry as well as aid economic construction.
Keywords: Durability, Fly Ash, High performance Concrete, Silica Fume/Micro Silica, Density, water
absorption
Partial replacement of cement with rejected lime from industryIRJET Journal
This study examines partially replacing cement with rejected lime powder from industry in concrete. Lime concrete cubes were made with 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement by weight of lime. Compressive strength tests on the cubes at 7 and 28 days found that 10% lime replacement increased strength compared to normal concrete, but higher replacements of 20% and 30% decreased strength. The optimal lime content was determined to be 10% replacement, as strength was highest at this level both early and later. The purpose of the study was to investigate using an industrial waste product of lime to reduce the environmental impact of cement production.
This document summarizes a research project on replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. A group of civil engineering students at Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences conducted the project under the guidance of an assistant professor. The project examines replacing cement at different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%) with fly ash and silica fume in M-30 grade concrete mixes. The document reviews literature on using fly ash in concrete and its effects on compressive strength. It discusses the properties and production of fly ash, and the advantages and disadvantages of using fly ash in concrete. The scope and objectives of the research are to determine the feasibility and influence on mechanical properties of using fly ash to replace cement and fine aggregate in concrete mixtures.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON METAKAOLIN CEMENT CONCRETE WITH ROCK SANDIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on the use of metakaolin and rock sand in concrete. Metakaolin was used to replace 5-25% of cement by weight, and rock sand partially replaced river sand. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and split tensile strength at 7, 28, and 90 days. The highest compressive strength was achieved with 15% metakaolin replacement at 28 days and 20% replacement at 90 days. The highest split tensile strength was with 20% metakaolin replacement at 28 days. In conclusion, the addition of metakaolin and use of partial rock sand improved the strength properties of the concrete.
Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study o...IJERD Editor
This document presents research on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Concrete cubes were produced with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% cement replacement by fly ash. The cubes were cured in water as well as 1%, 3%, and 5% sulfuric acid solutions. Compressive strength was tested at 28, 60, and 90 days. Results showed that cubes with 10% fly ash replacement had the highest strength when cured in water and acid solutions. Fly ash concrete also demonstrated improved durability in acidic environments compared to normal concrete. In general, fly ash concrete performed better with increasing curing time and showed potential to enhance concrete durability.
This document examines using coal ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Coal ash was substituted for cement at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. Testing found that concrete with a 5% substitution of coal ash exhibited only a slight decrease in compressive strength of 2% at 28 days while gaining improved workability. Higher substitution rates of 10% and 15% coal ash led to greater decreases in compressive and tensile strength. The study concludes that a 5% substitution of coal ash for cement provides benefits of reduced cost and improved workability with minimal strength impacts, representing an effective use of a waste material that addresses sustainability.
1) The document studies the use of marble powder as a partial replacement for cement in normal compacting concrete.
2) Five concrete mixes were tested with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with marble powder to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days.
3) The results showed that compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths generally increased up to 10% replacement of cement with marble powder compared to the normal mix without replacement. Higher replacements of 15% and 20% typically showed reduced strengths compared to the 10% replacement mix.
Examining the Use of Pond Ash and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in Place of Cement and ...IRJET Journal
This document examines using pond ash and rice husk ash to replace cement and fine aggregates in concrete. It discusses how replacing up to 15% of cement with rice husk ash and up to 10% of fine aggregates with pond ash can increase the compressive strength of concrete while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The document provides background on rice husk ash and pond ash, including their particle sizes and chemical compositions. It also reviews several other studies that examined using these materials to replace cement and fine aggregates in concrete mixes.
Experimental Investigations of Mechanical properties on Micro silica (Silica ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : The Now a day, we need to look at a way to reduce the cost of building materials, particularly
cement is currently so high that only rich people and governments can afford meaningful construction. Studies
have been carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a broad range of materials as partial replacement
materials for cement in the production of concrete. This study investigated the strength properties of Silica fume
and fly ash concrete. This work primarily deals with the strength characteristics such as compressive, Split
tensile and flexural strength. High performance concrete a set of 7 different concrete mixture were cast and
tested with different cement replacement levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% 12.5% and15%) of Fly ash (FA) with
silica fume (SF) as addition ( 0%,5%,10 % ,15% ,25and 30%) by wt of Cement and/or each trial super
plasticizer has been added at constant values to achieve a constant range of slump for desired work ability with
a constant water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.30.Specimens were produced and cured in a curing tank for 3, 7, 14
and 28 days. The cubes were subjected to compressive strength tests after density determination at 3,7,14 and
28 days respectively. The chemical composition and physical composition of micro silica, FlyAsh and cement
were determined. The density of the concrete decreased with increased in percentage of micro silica and Fly ash
replacement up to 15%. Increase in the level of micro silica fume and Fly ash replacement between 30% to 45%
led to a reduction in the compressive strength of hardened concrete. This study has shown that between 15 to
22.5% replacement levels, concrete will develop strength sufficient for construction purposes. Its use will lead
to a reduction in cement quantity required for construction purposes and hence sustainability in the
construction industry as well as aid economic construction.
Keywords: Durability, Fly Ash, High performance Concrete, Silica Fume/Micro Silica, Density, water
absorption
Partial replacement of cement with rejected lime from industryIRJET Journal
This study examines partially replacing cement with rejected lime powder from industry in concrete. Lime concrete cubes were made with 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement by weight of lime. Compressive strength tests on the cubes at 7 and 28 days found that 10% lime replacement increased strength compared to normal concrete, but higher replacements of 20% and 30% decreased strength. The optimal lime content was determined to be 10% replacement, as strength was highest at this level both early and later. The purpose of the study was to investigate using an industrial waste product of lime to reduce the environmental impact of cement production.
IRJET- A Review on “Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate by Al...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using copper slag and artificial aggregate as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete. It summarizes several studies that found:
1) Replacing 20% of cement and fine aggregate with copper slag and ceramic powder increased compressive strength by around 36%.
2) Replacing 40% of fine aggregate with copper slag increased compressive strength by 17.5% while maintaining workability.
3) Using 20% copper slag as a partial cement replacement achieved a compressive strength of 85% of a reference mix without copper slag.
4) Compressive strength increased up to a 80% replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag and ferrous slag.
IRJET - Effect of Using Different Substitutes as Partial Replacement of Cemen...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of using different substitutes for partial replacement of cement and aggregate on the strength of concrete. Concrete cubes with M20 design mix were cast using fly ash, marble powder, M-sand and concrete waste to partially or fully replace cement and sand. The concrete cubes were tested after 28 days to determine their compressive strength. It was found that fly ash and marble powder can partially replace cement at 15% and 10-15% respectively without reducing strength. M-sand was found to increase strength even at 15% replacement of sand. Concrete waste also provided satisfactory strength when used to fully replace coarse aggregate and partially replace sand.
The Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume as Partial Re...HARISH B A
Concrete is the most important engineering
material and the addition of some other materials may change
the properties of concrete. With increase in trend towards the
wider use of concrete for prestressed concrete and high rise
buildings there is a growing demand of concrete with higher
compressive strength. Mineral additions which are also
known as mineral admixtures have been used with cements
for many years. Silica fume particles are 100 times smaller
than the average cement particle. Its handling and disposal is
a point of concern because of the environment concerns. Silica
fume is usually categorized as a supplementary cementitious
material. These materials exhibit pozzolanic properties,
cementitious properties and a combination of both properties.
Due to these properties, it can affect the concrete behavior in
many ways. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
use silica fume as a supplementary material for cement and to
evaluate the limit of replacement of cement for M20 grade
concrete. The main aim of this work is to study the
mechanical properties of M20 grade control concrete and
silica fume concrete with different percentages (5, 10, 15 and
20%) of silica fume as a partial replacement of cement.
The document describes an experimental study on using quarry dust as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Various tests were conducted on materials like specific gravity and water absorption. Concrete mixes were prepared by replacing fine aggregate with quarry dust at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% proportions. Specimens were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7 and 14 days. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 20% replacement of quarry dust, with the highest strength achieved at 10% replacement after both 7 and 14 days of curing.
Strength characteristics of flyash concreteTHOTA AKHIL
This research work describes the feasibility of using the thermal industry waste in concrete as partial replacement of cement. The utilization of fly-ash in concrete as partial replacement of cement is gaining immense importance today, mainly on account of the improvement in the long term durability of concrete combined with ecological benefits. The cement has been replaced by fly ash accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, by concrete mix M20.The experiments will be conducted for compressive strength by using C.T.M machine 7 and 28 days of curing
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Bond Strength and Flexural Strength of Concrete ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the bond strength and flexural strength of concrete using fly ash, copper slag, and recycled aggregate. It begins with an introduction on the use of industrial byproducts and waste materials in concrete to address sustainability issues. A literature review summarizes previous research showing that partial replacement of cement with fly ash, fine aggregate with copper slag, and coarse aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate can improve concrete properties. The document then describes the materials used in the study, including their properties. It presents a control concrete mix design and concludes by stating the study will examine the effect of adding copper slag, fly ash, and recycled aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete.
IRJET- A Comprehensive Study on Behaviour of Concrete with Partial Replacemen...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using industrial wastes like marble powder and copper slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregates in concrete. The key findings are:
1) Optimum replacement of cement with marble powder was found to be 10% and optimum replacement of fine aggregates with copper slag was found to be 40%, as these levels produced the highest concrete strengths.
2) Concrete with these partial replacements showed improved strength and durability compared to normal concrete, as well as providing an economic way to reuse industrial wastes.
3) Studies found that concrete strength initially increased with higher replacement levels but then declined beyond the optimum amounts, with 10% marble powder and 40% copper slag found to be the most effective
IRJET- Behaviourial Study of the Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the behavioral effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of burning coal that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight with fly ash in M20 grade concrete mixes. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of fly ash replacement but was maintained at replacement levels up to 20-30%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the optimum level of fly ash replacement in concrete mixtures to reduce cement usage while maintaining adequate strength.
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement w...IRJET Journal
- The document examines the effect of partial cement replacement with fly ash on the compressive strength of concrete.
- Tests were conducted on concrete cubes with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement. Results showed compressive strength decreased with higher fly ash content.
- At 28 days, strength was reduced by 4.57%, 12.2%, and 20.55% for 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement respectively. Workability increased with more fly ash.
Partial Replacement of Cement by Saw Dust Ash in Concrete A Sustainable ApproachIJERD Editor
Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing. In this paper, the issues of environmental and economic concern are addressed by the use of saw dust ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Cement was replaced by Saw Dust Ash as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight for M-25 mix. The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, durability (water absorption) and density at 28 days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete. The results concluded the permissibility of using Saw Dust Ash as partial replacement of cement up to 10% by weight for particle size of range 90micron.
IRJET- Effects of Use of Metakaolin and Pond Ash in different Types of ConcreteIRJET Journal
1. The study evaluated the effects of using metakaolin (MK) and pond ash (PA) as partial replacements for cement in different types of concrete.
2. MK was used at 20% replacement and PA at 15% replacement in M25 grade concrete mixes containing ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Portland pozzolana cement (PPC), and rapid hardening cement (RHC).
3. Test results showed that compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days were highest for RHC and RHC with MK concrete, followed by PPC and PPC with MK concrete. PA concrete mixtures performed better than MK concrete mixtures overall.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REP...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that partially replaces cement and coarse aggregates in concrete with coconut shell ash and plastic wastes, respectively, to evaluate the impact on mechanical properties. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams were produced with 0-32% cement replacement by coconut shell ash and 0-48% coarse aggregate replacement by plastic wastes. The specimens were tested after 7 and 28 days of curing to determine properties like compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. Test results showed that partial replacement can produce concrete with mechanical properties within acceptable limits, indicating potential for use of agricultural and plastic wastes in concrete production to improve sustainability.
This study investigated the use of quarry dust as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete. Fine aggregates were replaced with quarry dust at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight. Concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and density at 28 days. Results showed that compressive strength increased up to 30% replacement, beyond which it decreased. Water absorption increased with higher quarry dust content, indicating a decrease in durability. Density also decreased with more quarry dust, making the concrete lighter. The study found that 30% replacement of fine aggregates with quarry dust provided optimal results.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Cement with Cenosphere as Pozzolanic Material i...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on partially replacing cement with cenosphere as a pozzolanic material in concrete. Cenosphere is a lightweight, hollow sphere made largely of silica and alumina. The study tested concrete mixes with cenosphere replacing cement at percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by mass. Tests on compressive strength and split tensile strength showed that replacing 5% of cement with cenosphere increased compressive strength by 16.5% and split tensile strength by 5.07% at 28 days. The literature review discussed previous studies that examined using cenosphere to produce lightweight concrete and its effects on properties like mechanical resistance, thermal conductivity, and acoustic absorption.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Epoxy Polymer Concrete with Partial Repl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into epoxy polymer concrete with partial replacement of cement by Alccofine. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of concrete where OPC cement is replaced with Alccofine 1203. Epoxy resin is added to improve strength and properties, while Alccofine is used to partially replace cement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Specimens are tested with different epoxy and Alccofine proportions and their mechanical properties evaluated. Previous studies found that Alccofine improves strength and durability at the 15% replacement level and that combinations of Alccofine and other materials like fly ash can further increase compressive strength.
Strength Study of copper slag & Fly Ash With Replacement Of Aggregate's In Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using industrial byproducts like fly ash and copper slag to replace aggregates in concrete for road construction. The study aims to address issues with excessive sand usage by finding sustainable alternatives. Concrete samples of different grades were produced by replacing natural sand with copper slag at varying percentages. The samples were tested for load carrying capacity and flexural strength. The results showed that concrete with 100% copper slag replacement performed similarly to normal concrete, indicating that copper slag can successfully replace sand in concrete for roads. The document also reviews several other studies on using industrial wastes in construction and their findings.
An experimental study on high performance concrete using mineral fly ash and ...IJARIIT
This work presents the determination of the mechanical properties (compression, split tensile and flexural tests) of the
specimens (cubes, cylinders, and beams). The specimens are of M60 grade high strength concrete which includes ground
granulated blast furnace slag (10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40%) and Fly ash (10 %, 20 %, 30 % and 40%) to obtain the desired
strengths and properties. Finally, we used in combination of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag in different
percentages as replacement of cement and concrete was prepared. We used SP430-Sulphonated Naphthalene Polymers as a
super plasticizer for better workability for high performance concrete. Dosage for super plasticizers is same for all mix
proportions. We casted concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders and are kept for curing for a period of 28days. The tests are
conducted after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing period. To obtain such desired strength that cannot be obtained from conventional
concrete and by the current method, a large number of trial mixes with different percentages of fly ash and different percentages
of ground granulated blast furnace slag are required to select the desired combination of materials that meet the required
strength.
An Experimental Investigation on Strength Characteristics of Concrete with Pa...ijsrd.com
One of the approaches in improving the durability of concrete is to use blended cement materials such as fly ash, silica fume, slag and more recently, metakaolin. By changing the chemistry and microstructure of concrete, pozzolans reduce the capillary porosity of the cementitious system and make them less permeable to exterior chemical sources as well as reducing the internal chemical incompatilities such as alkali-silica reaction. The concrete industry is known to leave an enormous environmental footprint on Planet Earth. First, there are the sheer volumes of material needed to produce the billions of tons of concrete worldwide each year. Then there are the CO2 emissions caused during the production of Portland cement. Together with the energy requirements, water consumption and generation of construction and demolition waste, these factors contribute to the general appearance that concrete is not particularly environmentally friendly or compatible with the demands of sustainable development. Thus, use of these supplementary cementitious materials can reduce the effects of cement causing severe environmental impact. This study presents the results of different mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural concrete by partially replacing cement with metakaolin and silica fume. The replacement of metakaolin is varied from 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and silica fume from 6%, 8% and 10%. The property of concrete in fresh state that is the workability is also studied during the present investigation. The optimum doses of silica fume and metakaolin in combination were found to be 6% and 15% (by weight) respectively, when used as part replacement of ordinary Portland cement.
This document presents a literature review on the use of manufactured sand as a replacement for natural sand in self-compacting concrete. Several studies that investigated properties of self-compacting concrete made with manufactured sand are summarized. The studies found that workability and strength were generally maintained when replacing up to 30-50% of natural sand with manufactured sand. Higher replacement levels led to reduced strengths. Other studies examined using other materials besides manufactured sand as partial replacements for natural sand, such as seashells, recycled concrete aggregates, and waste tire rubber. Overall, the literature shows that manufactured sand and other materials can partially replace natural sand in self-compacting concrete with minimal effects on properties.
IRJET- A Review on “Partial Replacement of Cement and Fine Aggregate by Al...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using copper slag and artificial aggregate as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete. It summarizes several studies that found:
1) Replacing 20% of cement and fine aggregate with copper slag and ceramic powder increased compressive strength by around 36%.
2) Replacing 40% of fine aggregate with copper slag increased compressive strength by 17.5% while maintaining workability.
3) Using 20% copper slag as a partial cement replacement achieved a compressive strength of 85% of a reference mix without copper slag.
4) Compressive strength increased up to a 80% replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag and ferrous slag.
IRJET - Effect of Using Different Substitutes as Partial Replacement of Cemen...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of using different substitutes for partial replacement of cement and aggregate on the strength of concrete. Concrete cubes with M20 design mix were cast using fly ash, marble powder, M-sand and concrete waste to partially or fully replace cement and sand. The concrete cubes were tested after 28 days to determine their compressive strength. It was found that fly ash and marble powder can partially replace cement at 15% and 10-15% respectively without reducing strength. M-sand was found to increase strength even at 15% replacement of sand. Concrete waste also provided satisfactory strength when used to fully replace coarse aggregate and partially replace sand.
The Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume as Partial Re...HARISH B A
Concrete is the most important engineering
material and the addition of some other materials may change
the properties of concrete. With increase in trend towards the
wider use of concrete for prestressed concrete and high rise
buildings there is a growing demand of concrete with higher
compressive strength. Mineral additions which are also
known as mineral admixtures have been used with cements
for many years. Silica fume particles are 100 times smaller
than the average cement particle. Its handling and disposal is
a point of concern because of the environment concerns. Silica
fume is usually categorized as a supplementary cementitious
material. These materials exhibit pozzolanic properties,
cementitious properties and a combination of both properties.
Due to these properties, it can affect the concrete behavior in
many ways. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
use silica fume as a supplementary material for cement and to
evaluate the limit of replacement of cement for M20 grade
concrete. The main aim of this work is to study the
mechanical properties of M20 grade control concrete and
silica fume concrete with different percentages (5, 10, 15 and
20%) of silica fume as a partial replacement of cement.
The document describes an experimental study on using quarry dust as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Various tests were conducted on materials like specific gravity and water absorption. Concrete mixes were prepared by replacing fine aggregate with quarry dust at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% proportions. Specimens were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7 and 14 days. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 20% replacement of quarry dust, with the highest strength achieved at 10% replacement after both 7 and 14 days of curing.
Strength characteristics of flyash concreteTHOTA AKHIL
This research work describes the feasibility of using the thermal industry waste in concrete as partial replacement of cement. The utilization of fly-ash in concrete as partial replacement of cement is gaining immense importance today, mainly on account of the improvement in the long term durability of concrete combined with ecological benefits. The cement has been replaced by fly ash accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, by concrete mix M20.The experiments will be conducted for compressive strength by using C.T.M machine 7 and 28 days of curing
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Bond Strength and Flexural Strength of Concrete ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the bond strength and flexural strength of concrete using fly ash, copper slag, and recycled aggregate. It begins with an introduction on the use of industrial byproducts and waste materials in concrete to address sustainability issues. A literature review summarizes previous research showing that partial replacement of cement with fly ash, fine aggregate with copper slag, and coarse aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate can improve concrete properties. The document then describes the materials used in the study, including their properties. It presents a control concrete mix design and concludes by stating the study will examine the effect of adding copper slag, fly ash, and recycled aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete.
IRJET- A Comprehensive Study on Behaviour of Concrete with Partial Replacemen...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using industrial wastes like marble powder and copper slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregates in concrete. The key findings are:
1) Optimum replacement of cement with marble powder was found to be 10% and optimum replacement of fine aggregates with copper slag was found to be 40%, as these levels produced the highest concrete strengths.
2) Concrete with these partial replacements showed improved strength and durability compared to normal concrete, as well as providing an economic way to reuse industrial wastes.
3) Studies found that concrete strength initially increased with higher replacement levels but then declined beyond the optimum amounts, with 10% marble powder and 40% copper slag found to be the most effective
IRJET- Behaviourial Study of the Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the behavioral effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of burning coal that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight with fly ash in M20 grade concrete mixes. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of fly ash replacement but was maintained at replacement levels up to 20-30%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the optimum level of fly ash replacement in concrete mixtures to reduce cement usage while maintaining adequate strength.
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement w...IRJET Journal
- The document examines the effect of partial cement replacement with fly ash on the compressive strength of concrete.
- Tests were conducted on concrete cubes with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement. Results showed compressive strength decreased with higher fly ash content.
- At 28 days, strength was reduced by 4.57%, 12.2%, and 20.55% for 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement respectively. Workability increased with more fly ash.
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Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing. In this paper, the issues of environmental and economic concern are addressed by the use of saw dust ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Cement was replaced by Saw Dust Ash as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight for M-25 mix. The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, durability (water absorption) and density at 28 days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete. The results concluded the permissibility of using Saw Dust Ash as partial replacement of cement up to 10% by weight for particle size of range 90micron.
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percentages as replacement of cement and concrete was prepared. We used SP430-Sulphonated Naphthalene Polymers as a
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PPT replacement of m30 grade PPT cement ppt (4).pptx
1. ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MINI PROJECT WORK
UNDER GUIDENCE OF
S.Hanmanthu (ASST.PROFF)
PROJECT ASSOCIATES:
B.Nithya sri 21T85A0117
D.Vandana 21T85A0139
V.Anil 21T85A0106
M.Ramesh goud 21T85A0120
G.Saikiran 20T81A0107
THE PERFORMANCE OF M30 GRADE CONCRETE BY PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH FLY ASH
2. The concept of partial replacement of cement which is capable for sustainable
development is characterized by application of industrial wastes to reduce consumption
of natural resources and energy and pollution of the environment. Presently large
amounts of fly ash are generated in thermal industries with an important impact on
environment and humans. This research of cement describes the feasibility of using the
thermal industry waste in concrete production as partial replacement of cement. Fly ash
can be used as filler and helps to reduce the total voids content in concrete. The cement
has been replaced the total ash accordingly in the range of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% by
weight of cement in common for M-30 Mix. Nowadays due to rapid growth in
construction cement is very costly.
Key words: Green concrete, compressive strength, split, tensile strength, fly ash.
ABSTRACT
3. A various numbers of research have been conducted to examine the effects of use of Fly Ash as additive in
cement, admixture in concrete and as replacement of cement in concrete. The compressive strength of concrete
was checked by replacing different proportions of cement with suitable quantities of Fly Ash and the results have
been found most effective and applicable. Incidentally most of the research works have been conducted only for a
limited percentage of cement replacement that too for a lower grade of concrete. It is therefore necessary to
conduct an extensive research on compressive strength of different qualities of concrete as well as different
proportions of Fly Ash at different curing periods. Herein below the various methods of using the Fly Ash as a
cement replacement in concrete is discussed vividly.
INTRODUCTION
4. Concrete:
Concrete plays a significant role in the construction of structure around the world. According to
construction materials (2007) concrete is a composite material obtained by mixing cement, sand, gravel
and water. A concrete mix can be considered to consist of two main parts, aggregates(sand and gravel)
and cement paste (water and cement).
The global demand of concrete is significantly increasing due to infrastructure growth worldwide.
Therefore using alternative sources as replacement for cement and aggregates appears to be a
challenging task.
There are many potential industrial waste products that have the potential to replace aggregates in
concrete such as: plastic, fly ash, rubber, steel slags and leather wastes. However, fly ash is the
industrial waste material that is discussed in depth in this particular research.
5. Arivazhagan (2011)
conducted a peculiar study on the environmental benefit with fly-ash stated that
there is increases in crop yields and nutrient uptake due to release of major
secondary and micro nutrients from flyash applied in the soil during crop growth.
Basically fly-ash has slightly acidic in pH and its effect is more pronounced in soils
having high pH.
Jayesh kumar Pitroda (2012)
It is shown in this paper that this research work describes the feasibility of using
the thermal industry waste in concrete production as partial replacement of cement.
The use of fly-ash in concrete formulations as a supplementary cementitious material
was tested as an alternative to traditional concrete. The cement has been replaced
by fly-ash accordingly in the range of 0% (without fly ash), 10%, 20%, 30% & 40% by
weight of cement for M-25 and M-40 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested
and compared in terms of compressive and split strength with the conventional
concrete.
LITERATURE REVIEW
6. Swaroop (2013)
In his presentation the study is mainly confined to evaluation of changesin both compressive strength
and weight reduced in five different mixes of M30 Grade namely conventional aggregate concrete (CAC),
concrete made by replacing 20% of Cement by fly-ash (FAC1), concrete made by replacing 40% of
cement by fly ash(FAC2), concrete made by replacing 20% replacement of cement by GGBS (GAC1) and
concrete made by replacing 40% replacement of cement by (GAC2). The effect of 1% H2SO4 and sea
water of those concrete mixes are determined by immersing these cubes for 7 days, 28 days, 60 days in
above solutions and the respective changes in both compressive strength and weight reduction had
observed and upto a major extent we can conclude concretes made by that flyash and GGBS had good
strength and durable properties comparison to conventional aggregate in severe environment.
7. P. Nath and P. Sarker
The research work included replacement of cement with fly ash by 30-40%, which resulted in compressive
strength of 60 MPa after 28 days and 85 MPa after 56 days of curing. The strength for 30% replacement was more
than that of 40% replacement. The researchers also tested the chloride ion permeability and found out that it
reduced by 35 – 45% and more after 28 days. Fly ash reduced the drying shrinkage as well as the sorptivity of the
concrete.
Harison et al (2014)
Conducted a peculiar study on the utilization of materials which can fulfill the expectations of the construction
industry in different areas. In this study cement has been replaced by flyash accordingly in the range of
0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%by weight of cement for M-25 mix with 0.46 water cement ratio. Concrete
mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strength. It was observed that 20% of
replacement of Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) by fly-ash strength is increased marginally (1.9% to 3.2%) at 28
days and 56 days respectively.
8. Scope
The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility os using fly ash as a replacement of cement and fine aggregate in
concrete. Using a product such as fly ash in concrete can influence the mechanical properties of concrete. The original scope of
this study is to investigate the fresh and hardened properties of concrete with fly ash as a replacement of cement and fine
aggregate.
Aim
In order to achieve the scope of this research, the following objectives have to be met:
Research background information on the basic materials of fly ash, cement and fine aggregate
Research the chemical and physical properties of fly ash, cement, and fine aggregate(sand), and determine the feasibility of
replacing cement and sand with fly ash.
Research the effects of combining fly ash into the concrete mixture.
Concrete mixtures with different percentages of fly ash were prepared to be tested.
A comprehensive laboratory study was performed to study the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures with different ratios
of fly ash as a replacement of either cement or fine aggregate.
9. Fly ash
Nature of fly ash and its production:
Fly ash is the finely divided residue that results from the combustion of pulverized coal and is transported from the
combustion chamber by exhaust gases. Over 61 million metric tons (68 million tons) of fly ash were produced in 2001.
Fly ash is produced by coal-fired electric and steam generating plants. Typically, coal is pulverized and blown with air
into the boiler's combustion chamber where it immediately ignites, generating heat and producing a molten mineral
residue. Boiler tubes extract heat from the boiler, cooling the flue gas and causing the molten mineral residue to
harden and form ash. Coarse ash particles, referred to as bottom ash or slag, fall to the bottom of the combustion
chamber, while the lighter fine ash particles, termed fly ash, remain suspended in the flue gas.
Production:
Fly ashes produced by FBC boilers are not considered in this document. Fly ash is captured from the flue gases
using electrostatic precipitators (ESP) or in filter fabric collectors, commonly referred to as baghouses. The physical
and chemical characteristics of fly ash vary among combustion methods, coal source, and particle shape.
10. Advantages:
Fly ash is most commonly used as a pozzolan in PCC applications. Pozzolans are siliceous or
siliceous and aluminous materials, which in a finely divided form and in the presence of water, react
with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to produce cementitious compounds.
Used in the manufacture of Portland cement.
Used as a soil stabilization material.
Fly ash is also used as a component in the production of flowable fill.
Fly ash is used as component in geo polymers.
Disadvantages:
Pulverized fuel ash may affect the colour of concrete. According to ‘A.M. NEVILLE’ colour of fly ash
concrete to its carbon content. Usually ugly looking darker colour helps in identifying fly ash
concrete with compared to lighter colour ordinary concrete, when two are placed side by side.
Use of fly ash leads to slower strength gain.
Class C fly ash is sensitive to temperature, hence in the mass concreting or when temperature rises
to about 200℃ or 400℉, it does not give high strength.
11. CEMENT
Cement is a binding material .which holds the coarse aggregate,fine aggregate together.
cement is considered to be the best binding material and at present, no construcyion work can be taken up without
cement.
The product obtained by burning and crushing to powder,an intimate mixture of well proportioned calcareous and
argillaceous materials Is called cement.
uses of cement:
Preparing mortars for masonry work, plastering, pointing, flooring etc.
For constructing water tanks,retaining walls,swimming pools etc.
Used for manufacturing pre cst pipes,piles, piles electric posts, railway sleepers etc.,
12. TEST ON CEMENT
It is necessary to finf the physical nd chemical properties of a cement before casting or construction.
• Fineness of cement
• Consistency test
• Initial nd final setting time of cement
• Soundness test
13. Fineness of cement
Aim: Determination of fineness of cement.
Apparatus required:
IS-90 micron sieve conforming to IS: 460 (Part 1-3)-1985; Weighing balance; Gauging trowel; Brush
Procedure:
1. Weigh accurately 100 g of cement to the nearest 0.01 g and place it on a standard 90 micron IS sieve.
2. Break down any air-set lumps in the cement sample with fingers.
3. Agitate the sieve by giving swirling, planetary and linear movements for a period of 10 minutes or until no more fine
material passes through it.
4. Collect the residue left on the sieve, using brush if necessary, and weigh the residue.
5. Express the residue as a percentage of the quantity first placed on the sieve to the nearest 0.1 percent. 6. Repeat the
whole procedures two more times each using fresh 100 g sample
Result: Percentage residue of cement sample by dry sieving is ___________ percentage.
14. CONSISTENCY TEST ON CEMENT
Aim: Determination of percentage of water by weight of cement required to prepare a standard acceptable (consistent)
cement paste.
Apparatus: Vicat apparatus conforming to IS: 5513-1998; Weighing balance; Gauging trowel; measuring cylinder.
Material: Ordinary Portland cement; Water.
Procedure:
1. Take 400 g of cement sieved through 90 micron IS sieve and keep it on a nonporous, non-absorbent plate.
2. Add 120 ml of water (i.e. 30% by weight of cement) to the cement and mix thoroughly with two trowels for 3 to 5 minutes
till a uniform cement paste is achieved.
3. Fill the past in mould and level with trowel. Shake or tap to remove air bubbles.
4. Place the nonporous plate and the mould under the plunger.
5. Release the plunger gently to touch the surface of paste. Record the initial reading.
6. Release the plunger quickly and allow penetrating into the paste. When the plunger comes to rest, note the final reading.
7. Repeat the procedure with fresh paste varying the water percentage until the plunger penetrates to a depth 5 to 7 mm
from the bottom of the Vicat mould.
Result:
15. DETERMINATION OF SETTING TIMES OF CEMENT
Aim: Determination of initial and final setting time of cement and determine whether the values
satisfy IS standards.
Apparatus: vicat apparatus conforming to IS: 5513-1998; Weighing balance; Gauging trowel;
measuring cylinder; stop watch.
Material: Ordinary Portland cement; Water.
Procedure:
1. Prepare a uniform cement paste by gauging 400 g of cement with 0.85 times the water required to
give a paste of standard consistency. The procedure of mixing and filling the mould is same as
standard consistency.
2. Start the stopwatch or note down the time when water is added to the cement.
Determination of initial setting time:
Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the non-porous plate, under the rod
bearing the initial setting needle (with cross section 1 mm2 ); lower the needle gently until it comes in
contact with the surface of the test block and quickly release, allowing it to penetrate into the test
block
4. Repeat this procedure until the needle, when brought in contact with the test block and released as
described above, fails to pierce the block beyond 5.0 ± 0.5 mm measured from the bottom of the
mould. Note the time.
5. The difference of time between operations (2) and (4) provides the initial setting time of cement.
Determination of final setting time:
6. Replace the initial setting needle of the Vicat apparatus by the needle with an annular attachment.
7. The cement shall be considered as finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the surface
of the test block, the needle makes an impression thereon, while the attachment fails to do so.
8. The interval of time between operation (2) and (7) provides the final setting time of cement.
16. DETERMINATION OF SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
Aim: Determination of soundness of cement by Le-Chatelier method.
Apparatus: Le- Chatelier apparatus conforming to IS: 5514-1969; Measuring cylinder; Gauging trowel; Balance; Water
bath Material: Ordinary Portland cement; Water; Greas
Procedure:
1. Weigh accurately 100 g of cement to the nearest 0.15 g and add to it 0.78 times the water required to give a paste of
standard consistency (i.e. 0.78×P).
2. Place the lightly grease mould on a lightly grease glass sheet and fill it with cement paste, taking care to keep the edges of
the mould gently together. 9
3. Cover the mould with another piece of lightly grease glass sheet, place a small weight on this covering glass sheet and
immediately submerge the whole assembly in water at a temperature of 27 ± 20 𝐶𝐶.
4. Keep this assembly under water for 24 hrs. After this, take the mould out of water and measure the distance between two
indicators. Submerge the mould again in the water.
5. Bring the water to boiling with the mould kept submerged, and keep it boiling for 25 to 30 minutes.
6. Remove the mould from the water allow it to cool and measure the distance between the indicator points.
7. The difference between these two measurements represents the expansion of the cement. 8. Repeat the whole
procedures two more times each using fresh 100 g sample.
Result: Average expansion of the cement is obtained is ___________ mm.
17. DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT
Aim: Determination of specific gravity of cement using Le-Chatelier flash.
Apparatus: Le Chaterliers flask, weighing balance, kerosene (free from water).
Material: Ordinary Portland cement; Water; Grease
Procedure:
1. Dry the flask carefully and fill with kerosene or naphtha to a point on the stem between zero and 1 ml. 11
2. Record the level of the liquid in the flask as initial reading.
3. Put a weighted quantity of cement (about 60 g) into the flask so that level of kerosene rise to about 22 ml mark, care
being taken to avoid splashing and to see that cement does not adhere to the sides of the above the liquid.
4. After putting all the cement to the flask, roll the flask gently in an inclined position to expel air until no further air bubble
rise3s to the surface of the liquid. .
5. Note down the new liquid level as final reading.
Observations:
• Weight of cement used in g. (W1) : _______
• Initial reading of flask in ml (V1) : _______
• Final reading of flask in ml (V2) : _______
• Volume of cement particle (V2 - V1) : _______
• Weight of equal volume of water in g. (W2) : _______
• Specific gravity of cement (W1/ W2) : _______
Result : Specific gravity of the given cement obtained as ___________.
18. SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES
Aim: To determine fineness modulus and grade of fine and coarse aggregate.
Apparatus:Set of sieves* ; Balance; Gauging Trowel; Watch. a) * For fine aggregates: 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 600
micron, 300 micron & 150 micron, pan b) * For coarse aggregates: 80mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 4.75mm, pan
Material: a) Fine aggregates (1 K)g) b) Coarse aggregates (5 Kg).
Procedure:
1. Take the aggregate from the sample by quartering.
2. Sieve the aggregate using the appropriate sieves.
3. Record the weight of aggregate retained on each sieve.
4. Calculate the cumulative weight of aggregate retained on each sieve.
5. Calculate the cumulative percentage of aggregate retained.
6. Add the cumulative weight of aggregate and calculate the fineness modulus using formula.
19. SPECIFIC GRAVITYAND WATER ABSORPTION OF FINE AGGREGATES
Aim: To determine specific gravity and water absorption of fine aggregate.
Apparatus: Pycnometer, 1000-ml measuring cylinder, thermostatically controlled oven, taping rod, filter papers
and funnel.
Material: Fine aggregates (500 g).