A critical review of commonly used bituminous paving mixes has attempted based on
Mix selection based on function and location within flexible pavement.
Capabilities of present day hot mix asphalt plants
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Review of Bituminous Paving Mixes
1. A REVIEW OF BITUMINOUS
PAVING MIXES
Presented by,
NISCHAY.N
B.E(CIVIL)., M.Tech., IGBC-AP.
2. The bituminous paving mixes have
evolved in 1960 as specified in MORTH
Specification.
A critical review of commonly used
bituminous paving mixes has attempted
based on
Mix selection based on function and
location within flexible pavement.
Capabilities of present day hot mix
asphalt plants.
3. PROVIDE STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
FACILITATE SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE
PROVIDING SURFACE FRICTION
ESPECIALLY WHEN WET
6. REDUCE SPLASH AND SPRAY .
REDUCE TYRE-PAVEMENT NOISE.
ENHANCE VISIBILITY OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS, AND
REDUCE NIGHTTIME SURFACE GLARE IN WET WEATHER.
OGFC REPORTEDLY PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING
ADVANTAGES:
9. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT WITH BM AS
A BASE COURSE OR PCC
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT WITH BM
AS A BASE/ BINDER COURSE
10. BM AND DBM SHOULD BE COMPARED BY
CONSIDERING FOLLOWING FACTORS:
PERMEABILITY
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH
USE OF PCC
COST CONSIDERATIONS
TRAFFIC CONDITIONS
11. PERMEABILITY:
BM IS A HIGH PERMEABLE MIX WHEN COMPARED TO DBM
OPEN SURFACE TEXTURE OF BM GRADING1 AND GRADING2 RESPECTIVELY
13. ROAD FAILURE IN OKLAHOMA,US RESULTING FROM
SATURATED BINDER COURSE
STRIPPED BINDER COURSE IN NH48 IN INDIA
14. STRUCTURAL STRENGTH:
DBM IS FAR SUPERIOR THAN BM IN TERMS OF STRUCTURAL
STRENGTH , MIX DESIGN CRITERIA, AND MIX PRODUCTION
CONTROL.
USES AS A PCC:
BM IS A GOOD MATERIAL FOR PCC BECAUSE IT RESISTS
REFLECTION CRACKING.
COST CONSIDERATIONS:
ACCORDING TO THE CURRENT PREVAILING SCHEDULE, THE
COST OF BM LAYER IS Rs.3,465/Cu.m WHERE OF DBM IS Rs.4,193/Cu.m.
THAT IS BM IS CHEAPER THAN DBM.
TRAFFIC CONDITIONS:
ACCORDING TO SOME HIGHWAY ENGINEERS, BM IS
INTENDED FOR LOW TRAFFIC ROADS ONLY.
15. DBM IS SPECIFIED FOR USE AS A BASE COURSE AND/OR BINDER COURSE.
TWO GRADATIONS ARE SPECIFIED IN MORTH SPECIFICATIONS:
GRADING1 HAS A NMAS OF 37.5mm
GRADING 2 HAS A NMAS OF 25mm
GRADING 1 OF DBM IS HIGH PERMEABLE ,IT SHOULD BE SEALED BEFORE
RAINY SEASON, OTHERWISE IT WILL PENETRATE AND DAMAGE WMM .
DBM GRADING 2 OF WITH 25mm NMAS IS SUITED FOR A BASE COURSE.
16. IT IS NEITHER DENSE GRADED NOR OPEN GRADED,CONTAIN THE SO
CALLED PESSIUM VOID WHEN CONSTRUCTED.
THE REGION BETWEEN B AND C IS PESSIUM VOID RANGE, IT
REPRESENTS OPPOSITE OF OPTIMUM.THE OBJECTIVE IS TO STAY OUT
PESSIUM VOID RANGES
17. THERE IS A NEED TO SELECT A BINDER COURSE AND TWO WEARING
COURSE. BC GRADING 1 WITH NMAS OF 19mm IS SUITABLE FOR A
BINDER COURSE. BC GRADING 2 WITH NMAS OF 13mm IS SUTABLE FOR
A WEARING COURSE ON HEAVY TRAFFIC ROADS.
THERE IS A NEED TO ADD A THIRD BC GRADATION WITH NMAS OF
9.5mm.
BC GRADING 1&2 NEED TO BE REVISING TO MAKE IT MORE RUT
RESISTANT
18. NCAT TEST TRACK IN AUBURN UNIVERSITY WHERE TRUCKS WITH
LOADED TRAILERS APPLYING TRAFFIC USING SPECIFIED BC COURSES
20. IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO USE ALL THREE COURSES
IN A NEW FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT UNLESS THE
TRAFFIC IS VERY HIGH.
FOLLOWING ARE THE COMBINATIONS OF
BITUMINOUS PAVING
MIXES:
WMM + DBM BASE COURSE + BC BINDER COURSE + BC
WEARING COURSE.
WMM + BC BINDER COURSE + BC WEARING COURSES.
WMM + BC WEARING COURSE ONLY.
21. FOR ENSURING LONG TERM PERFORMING PAVEMENTS, FOCUS
SHOULD SHIFT TO DENSE GRADED RATHER THAN OPEN GRADED
BITUMINOUS MIXES.
THE STUDY RECOMMENDS IN TOTAL 5 NUMBERS OF BITUMINOUS
MIXES:
37.5mm NMAS,DBM BASE COURSE GRADING1
25mm NMAS,DBM BASE COURSE GRADING2
19mm NMAS BC BINDER COURSE
12.5mmNMAS BC WEARING COURSE GRADING1
9.5mm NMASBC WEARING COURSE GRADING 2
REASERCH IS GOING ON FOR THE USE OF LARGE NMAS IN
DBM AND CORRECTIONS MUST BE MADE AFTER ITS
COMPLETION ON THE NMAS OF EACH COURSE IF RESULTS
ARE POSITIVE.
22. BITUMINOUS MACADAM IS HIGHLY PERMEABLE AND
NOW IT IS SUBSTITUTED BY DBM
USE OF THICK WEARING COURSE IS RECOMMENDED
FOR TROPICAL COUNTRY ONLY.
BM USED AS PCC IS DISCOURAGED AND NOT ALLOWED
NOW A DAYS.
23. i. JURNAL OF INDIAN ROAD CONGRESS
(vol. 69-2, jul-sep-2008)
ii. www.Oklhoma.com
iii. Bureau of Indian standard IS 73: 2006, jul-
2009