Automated Highway System (AHS) is an example of a large-scale, multi-agent, hybrid dynamical system. In this paper, the use of computer aided simulation tool for design and evaluation of control laws, for an AHS based on platooning, is outlined.
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this report is helpful for highway work or road construction, its also useful for pavement works or pavement design. this report told about bitumen road work construction, in this report cement used for work in side of road.its helpful for those civil engineers who want to submit there training report or seminar report.
this report is helpful for highway work or road construction, its also useful for pavement works or pavement design. this report told about bitumen road work construction, in this report cement used for work in side of road.its helpful for those civil engineers who want to submit there training report or seminar report.
The attached powerpoint contains information about road user characteristics, especially during driving. This PPT will be very much helpful for students studying Road User Characteristics in CE6006 - Traffic Engineering and Management as an elective under affiliated institutions of Anna University.
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks: It is not an equivalent term to controlled-access highway, or a translation for autobahn, autoroute, etc.
In North American and Australian English, major roads such as controlled-access highways or arterial roads are often state highways (Canada: provincial highways). Other roads may be designated "county highways" in the US and Ontario. These classifications refer to the level of government (state, provincial, county) that maintains the roadway.
In British English, "highway" is primarily a legal term. Everyday use normally implies roads, while the legal use covers any route or path with a public right of access, including footpaths etc.
The term has led to several related derived terms, including highway system, highway code, highway patrol and highwayman.
The term highway exists in distinction to "waterway".
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
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PTV Vissim is rounded off with comprehensive analysis options, creating a powerful tool for the evaluation and planning of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure.
Modern transportation is rapidly evolving as smart technologies are
incorporated. This improvement enhances efficiency and security and provides a more sustainable and straightforward experience.
The attached powerpoint contains information about road user characteristics, especially during driving. This PPT will be very much helpful for students studying Road User Characteristics in CE6006 - Traffic Engineering and Management as an elective under affiliated institutions of Anna University.
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks: It is not an equivalent term to controlled-access highway, or a translation for autobahn, autoroute, etc.
In North American and Australian English, major roads such as controlled-access highways or arterial roads are often state highways (Canada: provincial highways). Other roads may be designated "county highways" in the US and Ontario. These classifications refer to the level of government (state, provincial, county) that maintains the roadway.
In British English, "highway" is primarily a legal term. Everyday use normally implies roads, while the legal use covers any route or path with a public right of access, including footpaths etc.
The term has led to several related derived terms, including highway system, highway code, highway patrol and highwayman.
The term highway exists in distinction to "waterway".
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
intersection road
intersection tv series
the intersection grand rapids events
point of intersection calculator
intersection movie
intersection 1994
intersection season 4 on netflix
intersection grand rapids
at grade intersection, channelized intersection, diamond intersection, different types of road intersection, directional intersection, grade separated intersection, otary intersection, partial coverleaf intersection, road intersection definition, road intersection diagrams, roadway intersection types, trumpet intersection, un channelized intersection
PTV Vissim is rounded off with comprehensive analysis options, creating a powerful tool for the evaluation and planning of urban and extra-urban transport infrastructure.
Modern transportation is rapidly evolving as smart technologies are
incorporated. This improvement enhances efficiency and security and provides a more sustainable and straightforward experience.
Ridesharing services are already changing the transportation paradigm. If autonomous vehicles are introduced what other impacts could they have? Is traffic going to get better…or worse? We will cover potential impacts that begin on the roadway and lead to areas that could impact society tremendously. Presented at the 2017 D-STOP Symposium.
Local Motors Awesome System is a self optimized sustainable autonomous vehicle system.
It is safe, affordable and enable new business models.
Join the mobility revolution.
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12 part framework to structure safety assessment for autonomous drivingZiaullah Mirza
NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
An agency of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government who has developed a 12-part framework to structure safety assessment for autonomous driving.
Presentation given by Dr. Chandra Bhat during SXSW '14. Dr. Bhat is the Director at the Center of Transportation Research at the University of Texas at Austin.
Autonomous vehicles: A study of implementation and security IJECEIAES
Autonomous vehicles have been invented to increase the safety of transportation users. These vehicles can sense their environment and make decisions without any external aid to produce an optimal route to reach a destination. Even though the idea sounds futuristic and if implemented successfully, many current issues related to transportation will be solved, care needs to be taken before implementing the solution. This paper will look at the pros and cons of implementation of autonomous vehicles. The vehicles depend highly on the sensors present on the vehicles and any tampering or manipulation of the data generated and transmitted by these can have disastrous consequences, as human lives are at stake here. Various attacks against the different type of sensors on-board an autonomous vehicle are covered.
Authors: Dr Zia Wadud & Professor Jillian Anable
Google, Apple, Tesla; all household names
which are becoming inextricably linked to the
vision of the so-called driverless, autonomous
or automated vehicles, holding out the prospect
of a revolution in the ways we’ll move around
in future. But what are the potential benefits
and pitfalls from this revolution in mobility
technology? The LowCVP and the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) commissioned
the Institute for Transport Studies, Leeds to
investigate the potential impacts of these exciting
new technologies and to provide some pointers
as to how policy makers may need to respond to
make sure they can deliver the greatest benefits
in terms of carbon emissions and air quality.
Introductory deck describing Parkofon's unique infrastructure-free technology and value proposition across multiple modes as a provider of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
Underground Construction provides construction, technical and management services to its customers. The company specializes in power, communications, airport fueling and heavy engineering. Since laying its first pipe in 1936, Underground Construction has completed thousands of projects throughout the United States.
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Self-curing concrete is achieved by means of replacing a part of aggregate by lightweight aggregate or adding chemical admixtures. The self-curing process of concrete takes place from inside to outside, thus reducing the autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation, especially for the high-performance concrete with relatively low water/binder ratio.
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Trenchless construction. Trenchless construction includes such construction methods as tunneling, microtunneling (MTM), horizontal directional drilling (HDD) also known as directional boring, pipe ramming (PR), pipe jacking (PJ), moling, horizontal auger boring (HAB) and other methods for the installation of pipelines and cables below the ground with minimal excavation.
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A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple span, the ribbon is stressed in traction, which adds to the stiffness of the structure (simple suspension spans tend to sway and bounce).
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The process of self-healing of cracks or self-filling up of cracks by the help of bacterial reaction in the concrete after hardening is known as Self-Healing Concrete. It can be observed that small cracks that occur in a structure of width in the range of 0.05 to 0.1mm gets completely sealed in repetitive dry and wet cycles.
The typical deflection diagrams shown in figures 1 and 2 indicate that all the high strength concrete beams had adequate ductility and Structural Behaviour of High Strength Concrete Beams 135 showed substantial deflections at failure. The ulti- mate deflections shown in Table 3 were measured prior to failure as near to collapse as possible.
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Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast, foam concrete building material suitable for producing concrete masonry unit (CMU) like blocks. Composed of quartz sand , calcined gypsum , lime , cement , water and aluminum powder , AAC products are cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave .
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A submerged floating tunnel, also known as submerged floating tube bridge, suspended tunnel, or Archimedes bridge, is a proposed design for a tunnel that floats in water, supported by its buoyancy. The tube would be placed underwater, deep enough to avoid water traffic and weather, but not so deep that high water pressure needs to be dealt with—usually 20–50 m is sufficient. Cables either anchored to the Earth or to pontoons at the surface would prevent it from floating to the surface or ...
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The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
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marble slurry dust as cement additive , The research on the use of marble dust in concrete , , disadvantages of marble dust and quarry dust additive in concrete; Chat Now; disadvantage of using quarry dust in concrete
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Computer Ethics: Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the behavior of a group or individual. Therefore, computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Some common issues of computer ethics include intellectual property rights (such as copyrighted electronic content), privacy concerns, and how ...
CIVIL SEMINAR REPORT :USE OF GEOGRIDS IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT. Geogrids can also prevent aggregate penetration into the subgrade, depending on the ability of the geogrid to confine and prevent lateral displacement of the base/sub-base. However, the geogrid does not prevent intrusion of subgrade soils up into the base/sub-base course,...
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
2. INTRODUCTION
The idea of automated driving dates back to almost 50 years ago
when General Motors (GM) presented a vision of ―driverless‖
vehicles under automated control at the 1939 World fairs in New
York.
In the 1950’s research by industrial organizations conceptualized
automated vehicles controlled by mechanical systems and radio
controls.
After the first appearance of the computers in the 1960’s,
researchers began to consider the potential use of computers to
provide lateral and longitudinal control and traffic management.
The fully automated highway concept was initially examined by
GM with sponsorship from the US department of Transportation
(DOT) in the late1970’s.
During these times, focus was laid on automated vehicles on a
highway as computers were not powerful enough to consider a
complete fully automated highway system.
3. Advances in the computing technologies, micro-electronics and
sensors in the 1980’s provoked commercial interest in the
technologies that might enhance driver capability and perception
and both private and public researchers examined partially
automated products and services.
Among others, the University of California Partners in Advanced
Transport and Highways (PATH) has carried out significant research
and development in the field of highway automation since the
1980’s.
As various transportation technologies emerged that could assist
driving on one hand and also traffic efficiency on the other, interest
in fully automated driving or integrated auto-highway technologies
grew once again.
With the passage of the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transport
Efficiency Act (ISTEA), efforts were on early prototype development
and testing of fully automated vehicles and highways.
4. This act prompted the US DOT to develop the National Automated Highway
System Research Programme (NAHSRP), whose goal was to develop
specifications for a fully automated highway system concept that would
support and stimulate the improvement of vehicle and highway technologies.
In 1994, the US Department of Transportation launched the National
Highway System Consortium (NAHSC).
The consortium consisted of nine major categories of organization including
academia, federal, state, regional and local government besides
representatives from vehicle, highway, electronics and communications
industries.
The consortium believed in expanding the program’s expertise and
resources, and maintained that the collaborative approach among the
stakeholders would be critical in building the common interest that would be
required in the early development and deployment of fully automated
highway systems.
Research continues to this day though it is largely sketchy owing to the
withdrawal of the financial support for the National Automated Highway
Systems Research Programme (NAHSRP) by the US Department of
Transportation in the year 1997.
Many studies conducted by the National Automated Highway Systems
Consortium (NAHSC) continue in partial way with a couple of federal
programmes like the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) with more focus on a
nearer-term horizon.
5. MAJOR AHS GOALS
The AHS program is designed to influence how and when
vehicle-highway automation will be introduced. AHS
deployments will be tailored to meet the needs of public,
commercial, transit, and individual travellers in rural and urban
communities. The major goals are to:
1. Improve safety by significantly reducing:
Fatalities.
Personal injury.
Pain and suffering.
Anxiety and stress of driving.
2. Save money and optimize investment by:
Maximizing efficiency of the existing infrastructure investment.
Integrating other ITS services and architecture to achieve
smooth traffic flow.
6. Using available and near-term applied technology to avoid costs
of conventional highway build-out.
Developing affordable equipment, vehicles, infrastructure,
operations, maintenance, and user fees.
Closing the gap on predicted infrastructure needs.
Using public/private partnerships for shared risk; using the
National AHS Consortium as a global focal point to influence
foreign deployment efforts.
Reducing fuel consumption and costs, maintenance, wear-and-
tear, labor costs, insurance costs, and property damage.
3. Improve accessibility and mobility by:
Improving employee on-time performance, resulting in a more
effective work force.
Facilitating "just-in-time" deliveries.
Improving public transportation service, increasing customer
access, and expanding service levels, resulting in increased
revenue, reduced costs, and reduced accidents.
7. Achieving a smooth traffic flow, reducing delays, travel times,
travel time variability, and driver stress.
Making driving more accessible to less able drivers.
4. Improve environmental efficiencies by:
Reducing emissions per vehicle-mile travelled.
Providing a solid base for reliable, lower cost transit.
Providing an efficient base for electric-powered vehicles and
alternative fuel vehicles.
5. Create jobs by:
Providing a stronger national economy and increasing global
competitiveness.
Increasing jobs in research and development and in early ITS
deployment.
Facilitating technology transfer (e.g., from military to civilian
use).
Creating new U.S. automotive products and new technology-
based industry to compete in the international marketplace.
8.
9. METHODOLOGY
a driver electing to use such an automated highway might first pass
through a validation lane, similar to today's high-occupancy-vehicle
(HOV) or carpooling lanes.
The system would then determine if the car will function correctly in
an automated mode, establish its destination, and deduct any tolls
from the driver's credit account.
Improperly operating vehicles would be diverted to manual lanes.
The driver would then steer into a merging area, and the car would be
guided through a gate onto an automated lane.
An automatic control system would coordinate the movement of
newly entering and existing traffic.
Once travelling in automated mode, the driver could relax until the
turnoff. The reverse process would take the vehicle off the highway.
At this point, the system would need to check whether the driver could
retake control, then take appropriate action if the driver were asleep,
sick, or even dead.
10. The alternative to this kind of dedicated lane system is a mixed
traffic system, in which automated and non-automated vehicles
would share the roadway.
This approach requires more-extensive modifications to the
highway infrastructure, but would provide the biggest payoff in
terms of capacity increase.
In fact, a spectrum of approaches can be envisioned for
highway automation systems in which the degree of each
vehicle's autonomy varies.
On one end of the range would be fully independent or "free-
agent" vehicles with their own proximity sensors that would
enable vehicles to stop safely even if the vehicle ahead were to
apply the brakes suddenly.
In the middle would be vehicles that could adapt to various
levels of cooperation with other vehicles (platooning). At the
other end would be systems that rely to a lesser or greater
degree on the highway infrastructure for automated support.
In general, however, most of the technology would be installed
in the car.
11. THE FIVE CONCEPT FAMILIES
Independent Vehicle Concept:
his concept puts a smart vehicle in the existing infrastructure. In-
vehicle technology lets the vehicle operate automatically with on-
board sensors and computers. The vehicle can use data from
roadside systems but does not depend on infrastructure support.
Cooperative Concept:
his concept lets smart vehicles communicate with each other,
although not with the infrastructure. With on-board radar, vision,
and other sensors, these AHS-equipped vehicles will be able to
communicate with each other and coordinate their driving
operations, thereby achieving best throughput and safety.
12. Infrastructure-Supported Concept:
smart infrastructure can greatly improve the quality of AHS
services and better integrate AHS with local transportation
networks. This concept envisions automated vehicles in
dedicated lanes using global information and two-way
communication with the smart infrastructure to support vehicle
decision-making and operation.
Infrastructure-Assisted Concept:
In this concept, the automated roadside system provides inter-
vehicle coordination during entry, exit, merging, and
emergencies. This concept may provide the greatest throughput
benefit; it also may require the greatest civil infrastructure
investment.
Adaptable Concept:
his concept acknowledges the fact that AHS implementation will
vary by locality. It envisions the development of a wide range of
compatible standards that leave as many of the specific
architecture decisions, solutions, and deployment progressions
as possible to area stakeholders.
13. THE FIVE LAYER THEORY
The physical layer comprises all the on-board vehicle
controllers of the physical components of a vehicle.
These include the engine and transmission, brake and
steering control systems, as well as the different lateral and
longitudinal vehicle guidance and range sensors.
The main function of the physical layer is to decouple the
longitudinal and lateral vehicle guidance control and to
approximately linearize the physical layer dynamics.
The regulation layer is responsible for the longitudinal and
lateral guidance of the vehicle, and the execution of the
manoeuvres ordered by the coordination layer.
The regulation layer must carry out two longitudinal control
tasks. The first task is that of a vehicle follower in a platoon
and consists in maintaining a prescribed constant spacing
from the preceding vehicle.
14. The second task is that of a platoon leader or free agent and consists in safely and
efficiently executing a manoeuvre commanded by the coordination layer.
The coordination layer is responsible for selecting the activity that the vehicle should
attempt or continue to execute, in order to realize its currently assigned activity plan. It
communicates and coordinates its actions with its peers—the coordination layers of
neighboujring vehicles—and supervises and commands the regulation layer to
execute or abort manoeuvres. It also communicates with the link layer roadside control
system, from which it periodically receives an updated activity plan.
There is one link layer controller for each 0.5 to 5 km-long segment of the highway,
called a link. Its task is to control the traffic flow within the link so as to attain its full
capacity and minimize vehicle travel time and undesirable transient phenomena, such
as congestion. A link is itself subdivided in sections, one per lane. A link receives and
discharges traffic flow from and to neighbouring links, as well as AHS entrances and
exits. The controller measures aggregated vehicle densities in each of the link’s
sections. These densities are specific to vehicle type, including origin and destination,
and whether the vehicle is a platoon leader, follower or is changing lanes. It
broadcasts commands in the form of a specific activity plan for each vehicle type and
section, to the vehicle coordination layer controllers.
The link layer controller receives commands from the network layer in the form of
demands on the inlet traffic flows at the AHS entrances, and outlet flow constraints at
the AHS exits, as well as desired inlet-to-outlet traffic flow split ratios, in case a vehicle
can take more than one route to each the same destination, while travelling in that
highway link.
The task of the network layer is to control entering traffic and route traffic flow within
the network of highway links that constitute the AHS, in order to optimize the capacity
and average vehicle travel time of the AHS and minimize transient congestion in any of
its highway links.
15. POTENTIAL BENEFITS
Researchers have attempted to estimate benefits that might accrue from
the implementation of automated highway systems. Table 2 summarizes
potential benefits. Many of the benefits shown in the table are fairly
speculative; the systems they would depend upon are not yet in
existence and there is no clear evidence that the system can produce
the following benefits in reality.
It is anticipated that automated highway and related advanced vehicle
control and safety technologies would significantly reduce traffic
congestion and enhance safety in highway driving. This in turn would
potentially cut travel time, and therefore, driving would be more
predictable and reliable. The Mobility 2000 report, sponsored by the
Texas Transportation Institute, projected that collision prevention
systems could reduce accidents by 70 percent or 90 percent on fully
automated highways.
Research focused on collision prevention systems has estimated
possible savings in a relatively short period of time. For example,
collision avoidance systems have been estimated to have the potential
to reduce annual loss of life on U.S. roads by 50 percent by 2020. In
addition, preliminary National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
estimates show that rear-ends, lane-change, and roadway-departure
crash-avoidance systems have the potential to reduce crashes by one-
sixth, or about 1.2 million crashes a year.
16. CONCLUSION
Automated Highway Systems brings major transportation
benefits in terms of safety, efficiency, affordability and
usability, and environment in order to achieve its
development goals.
A key feature of the control design architecture is the
separation of the various control functions into distinct
layers with well-defined interfaces. Each layer is then
designed with its own model that is suited to the functions
for which it is responsible.
The models at the various layers are different not only in
terms of their formal structure (ranging from differential
equations to state machines to static graphs), but also in the
entities that have a role in them.
17. The AHS is a complex large-scale control system, whose
design required advances in sensor, actuator, and
communication technologies (not discussed here) and in
techniques of control system synthesis and analysis. It is
a measure of the advanced state of the art that these
techniques have reached a stage that they could be
successfully used in the AHS project.
Though it has been said so, the reasons why many
federal programs like the National Automated Highway
System Research Program (NAHSRP) failed was that the
program was trapped in technology-optimism. Several
U.S. DOT reports on AHS show that there are no
technical and non-technical showstoppers. However,
legal, institutional, and societal challenges just as critical
as technical issues. Moreover, these institutional and
societal issues cannot be settled in one day, because they
are much to do with people’s perception, behavior,
consensus and social changes based on those.
18. REFERNCES
1. Cheon, Sanghyun, ―An Overview of Automated Highway
systems (AHS) and the social and the institutional challenges
that they face.” Link: http://www.uctc.net/papers/624.pdf
2. Horowitz, Roberto and Varaiya, Pravin, ―Control Design of an
Automated Highway System” – Proceeds of the IEEE, Volume
88, No.7, pp-913 – 925, July 2000.
3. Congress, Nita. ―Smart Road, Smart Car: The Automated
Highway System‖. Public Roads Online. Autumn 1996. Pg.4, 5
& 7. Link: http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/fall96/p96au46.htm.
4. National Automated Highway System Research Program: A
Review. TRB Special Report 253.Transportation Research
Board, National Research Council. National Academy Press.
Washington, D.C. 1998. pg.15, 32 & 37.
5. National Automated Highway System Consortium, ―Technical
Feasibility Demonstration – Vehicle Platooning‖ 1997. Pg 1-4.