A research study of Donald u. Bulawin, Cristian Ralph E. Ibahay, and Mabeth L. Arellano. It is all about utilizing the waste bottle caps for concrete mixture. This study aims that by utilizing the waste bottle caps as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates helps in increasing the strength of concrete and in the environmental issues of wastes disposal.
Formation of cracks in concrete is a common phenomenon that allows many chemicals, water to seep inside leading to decrease in durability, including progressive drop in concrete strength. The maintenance and repair of structural concrete is very complex phenomenon. Self-healing concrete, using bacteria at the time of mixing, is an impressive solution to overcome these kinds of adverse effects. It is an economical way is to prepare concrete of better quality. The study was carried out to investigate the concrete performance by adding bacteria “Bacillus subtilis”. This Self-Healing concrete is also known as as Bio-concrete. Bacteria was induced directly in the concrete mix along with calcium lactate i.e., an organic precursor producing calcium carbonate crystals that block cracks and pores in the concrete. Samples were made with different quantities of bacteria and results showed significant increase in compressive strength of concrete and decrease in permeability. The concrete micro-structure was observed under SEM which also confirmed the experimental results obtained.
Introduction to Concrete
Manufacturing of Concrete
Types of Concrete
Properties of Concrete
Advantage of Concrete
Uses of Concrete
Various Tests for Concrete
Innovations…
Formation of cracks in concrete is a common phenomenon that allows many chemicals, water to seep inside leading to decrease in durability, including progressive drop in concrete strength. The maintenance and repair of structural concrete is very complex phenomenon. Self-healing concrete, using bacteria at the time of mixing, is an impressive solution to overcome these kinds of adverse effects. It is an economical way is to prepare concrete of better quality. The study was carried out to investigate the concrete performance by adding bacteria “Bacillus subtilis”. This Self-Healing concrete is also known as as Bio-concrete. Bacteria was induced directly in the concrete mix along with calcium lactate i.e., an organic precursor producing calcium carbonate crystals that block cracks and pores in the concrete. Samples were made with different quantities of bacteria and results showed significant increase in compressive strength of concrete and decrease in permeability. The concrete micro-structure was observed under SEM which also confirmed the experimental results obtained.
Introduction to Concrete
Manufacturing of Concrete
Types of Concrete
Properties of Concrete
Advantage of Concrete
Uses of Concrete
Various Tests for Concrete
Innovations…
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
UTILIZATION OF COPPER SLAG AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONC...AM Publications
Today’s world is facing challenging and unsolved environmental problem such as global warming, forest destruction and lack of resources. In order to solve these environmental problems, resources recycling have to be done in environmentally safer methods. As there is a vast scarcity the production of aggregates for concrete the recycled materials have great demand. The present study mainly focuses on investigating the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. In this report, M25 grade concrete was used and tests were conducted for various proportions of copper slag replacement with sand of 40%, 80% and 100% in concrete. In the first case along with replacement of copper slag with sand there is an attempt is made to replace the cement with 50% flyash similarly in second case for 30% replacement of cement with flyash replacement and in the third case with no replacement of cement with flyash. The obtained results were compared with those of nominal concrete made with ordinary Portland cement and sand. Further split tensile strength and flexural strength studies were also performed to check its durability aspects.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
UTILIZATION OF COPPER SLAG AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONC...AM Publications
Today’s world is facing challenging and unsolved environmental problem such as global warming, forest destruction and lack of resources. In order to solve these environmental problems, resources recycling have to be done in environmentally safer methods. As there is a vast scarcity the production of aggregates for concrete the recycled materials have great demand. The present study mainly focuses on investigating the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. In this report, M25 grade concrete was used and tests were conducted for various proportions of copper slag replacement with sand of 40%, 80% and 100% in concrete. In the first case along with replacement of copper slag with sand there is an attempt is made to replace the cement with 50% flyash similarly in second case for 30% replacement of cement with flyash replacement and in the third case with no replacement of cement with flyash. The obtained results were compared with those of nominal concrete made with ordinary Portland cement and sand. Further split tensile strength and flexural strength studies were also performed to check its durability aspects.
The easiest and reliable way of building houses, villas, camps, towns, ... Light steel gauge buildings obtain low costed and quickest way of construction for permanent and temporary solutions. Either for an economical apartment or a luxury villa ... Or a hangar to any heavy steel building ...
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Effects of Silica Fume and Fly Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement on Water ...idescitation
ndustrial byproducts such as Silica Fume (SF) and Fly Ash (FA) can be utilized
to enhance the strength and water permeability characteristics of High Performance
Concrete (HPC). The utilization of these industrial by products is becoming popular
throughout the world because of the minimization of their potential hazardous effects on
environment. This paper investigates the individual effects of Silica Fume and Fly Ash as a
partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) on water permeability,
compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural tensile strength of High
Performance Concrete (HPC). To investigate these properties of concrete, the total
investigation was categorized into two basic test groups - SF Group for Silica Fume and FA
Group for Fly Ash. Seven types of mix proportions were used to cast the test specimens for
both groups. The replacement levels of OPC by Silica Fume were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%,
10%, 15% and 20% where replacement levels of OPC by Fly Ash were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
20%, 25% and 30%. 1% super-plasticizer was used in all the test specimens for high
performance (i.e., high workability at lower water-binder ratio) and to identify the sharp
effects of Silica Fume and Fly Ash on the properties of concrete. Water-binder ratio was
kept 0.42 for all cases and the specimens were tested at ages of 7, 14 and 28 days.10% Silica
Fume and 20% Fly Ash showed the lowest water penetration depth of 11mm and 15 mm
respectively. 7.5% Silica Fume and 10% Fly Ash were found to be optimum for maximum
compressive strength, maximum split tensile strength as well as maximum flexural tensile
strength.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The Evolution of Sustainable Construction Materials - A Green Building Revolu...LorenSwift1
As a leading manufacturer in the construction materials industry, Baran company prides itself on delivering versatile and durable concrete blocks that meet the highest standards. Baran Company LTD is a prominent provider of essential construction materials. With a diverse and comprehensive range, including concrete blocks and more, they cater to a wide array of construction requirements. Their dedication to quality and reliability positions Baran Companyas a go-to resource for successful building projects.
Sustainability of the product is becoming a crucial factor for success in the market. Sustainability theory and methods are quite general. This research constitutes a serious attempt to assess the sustainability of plastic sheet piling, and calculate the product carbon footprint. In the case of plastic sheet piling no significant previous research has been done to address sustainability. The product lifecycle including stages such as raw material production, manufacturing, transportation, installation, and disposal/recycling, and its related supply chain have been analysed in detail to identify those factors that have impact on the product carbon footprint and the three main dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economic. The installation stage, which is not normally addressed in this kind of studies, has been assessed by the development of a case study.
Materials Matter - Construction Materials and their Environmental CostsThink Wood
This presentation will show how the life cycle assessment makes it easier for architects to incorporate environmental considerations into their building material selection. It will discuss the life cycle impacts of wood, concrete and steel and demonstrate that over its life cycle, wood is better for the environment than steel or concrete in terms of embodied energy, air and water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this presentation will highlight the advances each industry is making toward sustainability.
Investigation of the physical-mechanical properties and durability of high-st...Shakerqaidi
Investigation of the physical-mechanical properties and durability of high-strength concrete with recycled PET as a partial replacement for fine aggregates.pdf
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair.pdf
Utilization of Bottle Caps for Concrete Residential Floorslabs
1. Architectural Finishing
Systems
Suspended Light Gauge Ceiling
System
Raised Floor Systems (Access
Floors)
Light-Gauge Steel
Metal Cladding
UTILIZATION OF
BOTTLE CAPS FOR
CONCRETE
RESIDENTIAL
FLOOR SLABS
RESEARCHERS:
Donald U. Bulawin
Cristian ralph E. Ibahay
Mabeth L. Arellano
2. INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Literature Background
Statement of the Problem
Sifnificance of the Study
Design
Scope and Limitation
Procedure
Statistical Treatment
THE PROBLEM
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3. Rationale
• Concrete is the most widely used man made
construction material in the world. Seeking
aggregates for concrete and to dispose of
the waste from various commodities is the
present concern.
• The study claims that by using bottle caps
as a partial substitution with various
percentage for coarse aggregates increases
the strength of the concrete.
4. The problem of disposing and managing
solid waste materials in the Philippines
and other industrial countries has
become one of the major environmental,
economical, and social issues.
There is a great demand of constructing
more structures to facilitate the needs of
the community.
5. An economical viable solution to these
problems should include:
Utilization of waste materials for new
products which in turn minimize the
heavy burden on the nation’s landfills.
Recycling of waste construction
materials saves natural resources,
saves energy, reduces solid waste,
reduces air and water pollutants and
reduce greenhouse gases.
6. This study will help in the field of construction
industry as well as environment by exploring the
use of bottle caps as a partial replacement in
terms of volumetric substitution of coarse
aggregate in concrete mixture for residential floor
slabs and analyzing the performance of its
effectiveness, and also order to offer a solution to
the accumulation of solid waste.
7. Literature Background
According to the Republic Act No. 6541, Section
1.01.09 known as “Alternate or new Design, Material,
Method of Construction, or Workmanship; Tests”
emphasizes that utilization of solid wastes as a raw
material in producing new design is a method in
treating the solid waste.
(a) Any design, material, method of construction,
or workmanship not specifically included in this
Code may be used: Provided, that such alternate
or new design, material, method of construction,
or workmanship is at least the equivalent of those
prescribed in this Code in effectiveness. (National
Building Code of the Philippines)
8. Republic Act No. 6541
Any design, material. . .
(National Building Code of the
Philippines)
Republic Act No. 9003
Recycling shall refer to. . .
(Congress of the Philippines)
Construction Technology and
Engineering
Concrete is weak in tension.
(Thorpe and Hodge, 2012)
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Recycling generally refers ...
(Trewin, 2005)
Natural
Coarse
Aggregates
Plastic
Bottle Caps
Aluminum
Bottle Caps
Steel
Bottle Caps
1. Cost
2. Strength
2.1 Compressive Strength
2.2 Split Tensile Strength
2.3 Flexural Strength
9. Literature Background
As mandated in the Republic Act No.
9003, Chapter 1, Article 2, Section 3.
(bb) Recycling shall refer to the treating of used or
waste materials through a process of making them
suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes,
and includes any process by which solid waste
materials are transformed into new products in
such a manner that the original products may lose
their identity, and which may be used as raw
materials for the production of other goods or
services: provided, that the collection, segregation
and re-use of previously used packaging material
shall be deemed recycling under this Act;
10. Literature Background
Recycling generally refers to the processing of
products or materials into similar products or
using them as secondary raw materials in
producing new products (Trewin, 2005).
11. Literature Background
The researchers will use plastic, aluminum, and
steel bottle caps as a partial replacement of coarse
aggregates because of the following:
The researchers will use polypropylene that has
remarkable properties, making it suitable to replace
glass, metals, cartons and even stones.
Plastic
15. Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the
efficiency of using bottle caps as a partial replacement for
coarse aggregates in making residential floor slabs.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the strength capacity of the concrete by
using natural coarse aggregates and bottle caps as a
partial substitution for coarse aggregates in terms of:
1.1 compressive strength;
1.2 split tensile strength; and
1.3 flexural strength?
16. Statement of the Problem
2. Is there any significant difference in the strength of
concrete using natural coarse aggregates, and bottle caps
as partial replacement for coarse aggregate?
3. What is the acceptability level of the concrete using
bottle caps as a partial substitution for coarse aggregates
in terms of:
3.1 cost;
3.2 workability;
3.3 availability of materials; and
3.4 environmental impact?
4. What action plan shall be proposed after establishing
the results of the study?
17. Significance of the Study
The researchers believe that the outcome of this study
would be beneficial to the following:
1. Community
2. Environment
3. Civil Engineers and Construction Contractors
4. Future Researchers
18. Design
Experimental and Descriptive Type of research
Scope and Limitations
The study focuses on making the concrete mix of
residential floor slabs by utilizing the waste bottle caps
as a partial substitution with various percentage for
coarse aggregates (10%, 15%, and 20%)
Compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength test are
the test to be conducted.
All of the bottle caps materials used as a partial
replacement for coarse aggregates are recycled.
19. Procedure
1. Asking Permission to Conduct the Study
2. Searching the materials needed
3. Preparation of the materials
a.) Plastic, Aluminum, and Steel Bottle Caps
b.) Cement and natural aggregates
4. Mixing and Creating Concrete Samples
5. Slump test
6. Curing
7. Testing and analysis of the data gathered
8. Formulating the summary, conclusions and recommendations
20. Statistical Treatment
To determine the difference in the strength of the
concrete among the samples the Two-Way Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) will be used to validate the claim of the
study.
𝐹𝐴×𝐵 =
𝑀𝑆 𝐴×𝐵
𝑀𝑆 𝑊
To determine the acceptability level in partial
substitution of bottle caps for coarse aggregates, the
Weighted Mead Formula will be used.
𝑊𝑀 =
𝑓𝑥
𝑛