The document evaluates the effectiveness of using glass powder as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, outlining the methodology and experimental approach taken. It presents findings on compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, indicating that up to 15-20% replacement enhances concrete strength before decreasing with further replacement. Ultimately, the study concludes that utilizing glass powder in concrete not only strengthens the material but also repurposes waste glass, contributing to sustainability.

1. PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE
AGGREGATE BY GLASS POWDER IN
CONCRETE

2. OBJECTIVE:
 To evaluate the utility of glass powder as a partial
replacement of fine aggregate in concrete.
 To study and compare the performance conventional
concrete and glass powder concrete.
 To understand the effectiveness of glass powder in
strength enhancement.

3. INTRODUCTION:
Concrete is a widely used material in the world. Based on
global usage it is placed at second position after water.
 River sand is one of the constituents used in the production of
conventional concrete has become highly expensive and also
scare.
 In the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is a large
demand for alternative materials from industrial waste. Some
alternative materials have already been used as a part of natural
sand.

4. Cont..
 Similarly the waste glass are collected from the shops are
used. The collected glasses are crushed to sand size and it
could be used an alternate material for natural sand as
partial replacement.
 In brief, successful utilization of glass as fine aggregate will
turn this waste material into a valuable resource.

5. METHODOLOGY
Collection and properties
of materials
Preliminary test for
materials
Studyof physical properties
of materials, mix design
Casting and Curing of
specimens
Test on concrete
Analysis and discussion

6. MATERIAL USED AND THEIR PROPERTIES:
 CEMENT:
A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can
bind other materials together.
Cement sets or cures when mixed with water which causes a
series of hydration chemical reactions.
TYPE OF CEMENT USED: OPC 53 grade, ultra tech.
 Fine Aggregate
Fine Aggregate, in building and construction, material used for
mixing with cement, bitumen, lime, gypsum, or other adhesive to form
concrete or mortar. Fine aggregate size conforming to sieve passing
through 2.36mm

7.  COARSE AGGREGATE:
Coarse aggregates are particles greater than 4.75mm, but
generally range between 9.5mm to 37.5mm in diameter. size of coarse
aggregate:20mm
 GLASS POWDER:
Using waste glass in the concrete construction sector is
advantageous, as the production cost of concrete will go down. Waste
glasses are used as aggregates for concrete.
 WATER:
The quantity of water in the mix plays a vital role on the strength
of the concrete. The pH valueof water,hall be not less than6.

8. MATERIAL TESTING:
 TEST FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION:
Using the pyconometer the test for specific gravity and water absorption is
done
s.no. Observation and calculation C.A F.A
1 Mass of empty Pycnometer (M1 0.75 .75
2 Mass of Pycnometer and dry soil (M2) 1.82 1.98
3 Mass of Pycnometer, soil and water (M3) 1.38 1.350
4 Mass of Pycnometer and water (M4) 0.49 0.716

10.  The specific gravity of coarse aggregate is2.55 and the specific
gravity of fine aggregate is 2.279

11.  TEST FOR CEMENT:
Standard consistency of cement is defined as that consistency which
will permit plunger to penetrate at 33.34from the top of the mould.
Standard consistency (%) = (Weight of water added/ Weight of
cement) x 100
table for consistency test
Thus the consistency of cement is found to be 40%.
PERCENTAGE OF SOLUTION ADDED HEIGTH OF PENETRATION(mm)
25 14
30 21
35 27
40 33

12.  Initial setting time:
Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the non-
porous plate, under the rod bearing the needle. Lower the needle
gently until it comes in contact with the surface of test block and
quick release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block. In the
beginning the needle completely pierces the test block

13.  The initial setting time of cement is found to be 38 mints.
table for initial setting time
TIME IN MINIUTES DEPTH NOT PENETRAED(mm)
10 2
20 3
30 4
38 6

14.  SLUMP TEST:
Slump test is the most commonly used method of measuring
consistency of concrete which can be employed either in laboratory
or at site of work. It does not measure all factors contributing to
workability, nor is it always representative of the place ability of the
concrete.

15.  Bottom diameter : 20mm
 Top diameter : 10mm
 Height : 30mm
MIXTURE SLUMP
(mm)
DEGREE OF
WORKABILITY
1 20 Very low
2 50 Low
3 90 Medium

16. Mix design:
 The specimens are to be cast with concrete of characteristics strength
20 N/mm2 .the physical properties of constituent materials are
investigated and presented as follows.
 Step 1:
Characteristics strength required = 20 N/mm2
Grade of concrete = M20
Max nominal size of aggregate = 20mm
Max water cement ratio = 0.55
Min cement content = 300kg/m3
Max water cement content = 77mm (slump)
Degree of supervision = good
Exposure condition = mild

17.  Step 2:
Type of cement = opc -53 grade
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.70
Specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2.65
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Water absorption of
Coarse aggregate = 0.5%
Fine aggregate = 1%
Free surface moisture
Coarse aggregate = nil
Fine aggregate = 2

18.  Step 3:
Mean target strength = fck + Ks
= 20 + 1.65 *4
= 26.6N/mm2
Standard deviation , s = 4N/mm2
 Step 4:
Water cement ratio:
Cement = 53 grade
Water cement ratio = 0.45
As per IS 456 – 2000
Max water cement ratio = 0.55(mild exposure)
Minimum cement content =300 kg/m3

19.  Step 5:
Water content:
For 20 mm nominal size, nominal size aggregate and sand aggregate to
zone-II
Water content per m of concrete = 186 kg
 Step 6:
Adjustments of w/c ratio, compaction factor and sand belonging to zone
II
Required water content = [186*(6/100)}
= 197.16 kg/m3

20.  Step 7:
Determination of cement content
Water cement ratio = 0.55
Water = 197.16 *0.95 = 187.302 kg /m3
Cement content = 187.302/0.55= 356kg/m3
From table no s IS 456 minimum cement content =300 kg/m3 < 356
kg/m3
 Step 8:
Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size
aggregate and fine aggregate zone I for water – cement ratio of 0.45 to
0.60

21.  Step 9:
Mix calculation
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows
*volume of concrete = 1 m3
Volume of cement = 350/3.15* 1/1000
= 0.111m3
Volume of water = 0.197
Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.692 *0.6*2.55*1000
= 1058kg
Mass of fine aggregate = 0.692 *0.4*2.279*1000
=630 kg
Mass of cement = 356 kg/m3
Mass of water = 140 kg /m3
350/350: 630/350: 1058/350
 The mix proportion for the above calculation is 1:1.8:3.03

22. MANUFACTURE OF FRESH CONCRETE
CASTING AND CURING:
 The partial glass powder and the aggregates were first mixed
together for about 3minutes. The liquid component of the
mixture and cement was then added to the dry materials and the
mixing continued for further about 4min to manufacture the
fresh concrete.

23. Experimental Plan
 In this work, 5%, 10%, 15% ,20% and30% of fine aggregate
is replaced by glass powder for M20 grade concrete.
 Cube specimens of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm
were casted for different proportions with glass powder
and compared with the properties of concrete
prepared without glass powder (control mix).
 Compression test was performed on the concrete after
7,14 and 28 days of curing.

24. MIX PROPORTIONS
MIX PROPORTION
GLASS
POWDER(%)
CEMENT(kg) FINE
AGGREGATE(kg)
COARS
E
AGGRE
GATE
(kg)
WATER
CEMENT
RATIO
GLASS
POWDER
WT(kg)
0 1.38 2.484 4.181 0.55 0
10 1.38 2.236 4.181 0.55 0.248
15 1.38 2.1 4.181 0.55 0.384
20 1.38 1.98 4.181 0.55 0.504
30 1.38 1.73 4.181 0.55 0.754

25. TEST RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 In this section the result of the compressive test, tensile test, flexure test
of the partial replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder is
tabulated.

26. compressive test result:
 The compressive test of concrete is tested for 0%, the below
table shows compressive strength of concrete cube
table for 0%replacement compressive strength of
concretes.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 0% 10.66 13.88 19.11
2 0% 10.93 13.20 18.88
3 0% 10.58 14 19.33

27.  The compressive test of concrete is tested for 10%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube
 The compressive test of concrete is tested for 15%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 10% 12.44 13.48 16.88
2 10% 13 13.90 17
3 10% 12.55 14 16.55
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 15% 13.33 15.23 19.11
2 15% 14 14.60 18.79
3 15% 13.55 15 19.33

28.  The compressive test of concrete is tested for 20%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube
 The compressive test of concrete is tested for 30%, the below table shows
compressive strength of concrete cube
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 20% 14.22 15.55 16.88
2 20% 13.77 15.08 17
3 20% 14 14.78 16.55
s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 30% 12.44 14.87 17.08
2 30% 13 13.98 16.53
3 30% 12.55 14.77 17

29. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement 30%replacement
STRENGTH
%REPLACEMENT
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
7th day 14th day 28th day

30. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH:
 The concrete cylinder cured at room temperature are tested to
find thetensile strength of the concrete using compressive testing
machine (CTM).The same specimen is also tested on 7th, 28th
day to study tensile strength property of replacement of fine
aggregate by glass powder.

31. Mix proportion and their respective wt.
GLASS
POWDER(kg)
Cement(kg) Fine
aggregate(kg)
Coarse
aggregate(kg)
Water cement
ratio
0% 7.38 12.484 23.181 0.55
10% 7.38 11.236 23.181 0.55
15% 7.38 10.612 23.181 0.55
20% 7.38 9.987 23.181 0.55

32. acc,. IS 5816:1999
 The measured splitting tensile strength, of the specimen shall be
calculated to the nearest 0.05 N/mm2 using the following formula :
fck=(2p)/(πdl)
Where P = applied load
D = diameter of the specimen
L = length of the specimen
 acc., to IS 5816:1999 pg.no.3

33.  The split tensile strength of concrete for 0%replacement ,
 The split tensile strength of concrete for 10%replacement
s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 0% 4.68 4.93 5.35
2 0% 4.88 4.80 5.25
s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 10% 3.59 4 5
2 10% 4.22 4.5 4.33

34.  The split tensile strength of the concrete for 15%replacement
 The split tensile strength of the concrete for 20%replacement
s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 15% 2.68 2.98 3.03
2 15% 2.55 2.88 3.45
s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)
7th day 14th day 28th day
1 20% 2.35 2.89 3
2 20% 2.44 2.78 2.93

35. 4.68
3.59
4.04
3
4.8
4
3
2.78
5.35
5
5.5
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement
%REPLACEMENT
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
7th day 14th day 28th day

36. FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST:
 The concrete beams cured at room temperature are tested to
find the flexure strength of concrete using universal testing
machine (UTM).

37.  The same specimen is also tested on 7th and 28th day to study
flexure strength property of replacement of fine aggregate by glass
powder.
 The result values are in N/mm2
%replacement 0% 10% 15% 20%
28th day 6 6.4 5.5 5

38. 6
6.4
5.5
5
0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement
strength
% replacement
FLEXURAL TEST
28th day

39. CONCLUSION
 The compressive strength of the concrete increases
up to 15% replacement of glass powder and then
gradually decreases with increase of glass powder
content.
 Along with compressive strength, the flexural
strength of the concrete increases up to 20%
replacement and then decreases with increase partial
replacement of glass powder.
 The split tensile strength of the concrete
increase up to 15% replacement of glass powder and
decreases with further increase in glass powder.

40. Contd.,
 Thus waste glasses are made in to glass powder
and loaded in to concrete which makes it useful. The
partial replacement of glass powder as fine aggregate
Makes the concrete strengthen.
 Thus our project states that concrete can be
strengthen by glass powder replacement , which
makes the waste in to useful, so the waste materials
made in to use.

41. Reference:
 M.S.SHETTY, S.CHAND&COMPANY LTD-“CONCRETE
TECHNOLOGY”.
 IS 456: 2000 Indian Standard “PLAIN AND REINFORCED
CONCRETE”
CODE OF PRACTICE
 IS 10262- 2007 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design
 IS 516- 1959 Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete
 IS 5816- 1999 Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete -Method of
Test
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN
(Online): 2319-7064 “Study of Strength and Workability of Different
Grades of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by
Crushed Brick and Recycled Glass Powder”.

42.  “Use of glass wastes as fine aggregate in Concrete”
S.P. Gautam, Vikas Srivastava and V.C. Agarwal Civil Eng. Dept.,
SHIATS (formerly AAI-DU), Allahabad-211007, UP, India.
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified
Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014
“Utilization of Waste Glass Powder in Concrete – A Literature
Review”
Bhupendra Singh Shekhawat1, Dr. Vinita Aggarwal2 M.Tech Final
Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, MMEC, MMU,
Mullana Ambala, Haryana, India.

43. Thank you