The document discusses various principles of design including: 1) Balance - symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial, and crystallographic balance which involve distributing visual weight evenly. 2) Contrast and dominance/emphasis/focus - arranging light vs dark, rough vs smooth, large vs small elements to create visual interest or draw attention to certain areas. 3) Unity and variety - achieving a balanced design through elements that belong together but are also interestingly different.

1. a. Symmetrical, or formal balance is created by
repeating the reverse of a design on the opposite
side of the vertical axis; each side, in essence,
becomes the mirror image of the other.
c. Radial balance: occurs when all the elements radiate
out from a central point and the visual weight is distributed
equally.
b. Asymmetrical, or informal balance, involves
different elements that have equal visual weight; the
weight is equal but the elements are not identical.
d. Crystallographic balance: is created by repeating
elements of equal weight everywhere. There is no distinct
focal point.

2. Contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements (light
vs. dark colours, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small
shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest.
Contrast through colours
Contrast through shapes
DOMINANCE or EMPHASIS or FOCUS refers to the
arrangement of opposite or contrasting elements in a
piece so as to create dominance or emphasis or focus.
Focus through colour
Focus through colour

3. -Unity gives a sense of oneness to a visual image. A unified
design is greater than the sum of its parts; the design is seen
as a whole first, before the individual elements are noticed .
-Variety is the complement of unity and is needed to create
visual interest. Without unity, an image is chaotic and
"unreadable;" without variety it is dull and uninteresting.
. Good design is achieved through the balance of
unity and variety (Harmony) ; the elements need
to be alike enough so we perceive them as
belonging together and different enough to be
interesting.

4. Pattern is a combination of elements repeated in a
recurring and regular arrangement.
Movement in a visual image occurs when objects
seem to be moving.
Rhythm in a visual image occurs when
movement is created through repetition or
gradation (Using a step-by-step sense of
progression)

5. -Scale is the size of one object in relation to the other objects in a design or artwork.
-Proportion refers to the size of the parts of an object in relationship to other parts of the same object.
Chairs are in different scales but in same
proportions Backrest is not in proportion