The document discusses key principles of design including balance, emphasis, rhythm, proportion, and harmony. It defines each principle and provides examples to illustrate how they can be applied. Balance is achieved through symmetrical or asymmetrical placement of elements and consideration of weight, size, color, and position. Emphasis draws attention to important elements through grouping, contrast, size, or position. Rhythm creates a sense of movement through repetition of shapes, sizes, lines, or other elements. Proportion relates the size of design elements to the overall space. Harmony ensures all parts of a design relate and complement each other through consistency.

1. Principle of Design
Dr. Deepa Swamy
Associate Professor
Govt Arts Girls College, Kota

2. The principles of design describe the
ways an artist use different elements
of design in a composition.

3. Principle of Design
Balance : Symmetrical Asymmetrical
Emphasis
Rhythm:
Proportion:
Harmony: Unity ,Variety

4. Balance
 Object is equal weight at equal distance from center.
 Object is unequal weights than place heavier weight near the
center and light at far.
 Bright color object should be near and dull color should be
far from center.

5. Symmetrical / Formal Balance
Symmetrical balance can be described as having equal
"weight" on equal sides of a centrally placed fulcrum.
It may also be referred to as formal balance.
When the elements are arranged equally on either side
of a central axis, the result is Bilateral symmetry.
This axis may be horizontal or vertical.
Each side from the centre are identical.
Formal balance is quiet dignified and gives a sense of
precision.
It Should be used in large number.

7. Asymmetrical / Informal Balance
 Asymmetrical balance, also called informal balance,
 It is more complex and difficult to achieve.
 It involves placement of objects in a way that will allow objects
of varying visual weight to balance one another around a
central point.
 It just means that there are no mirror images in a composition.
 The term, however, is usually used to describe a kind of
balance that does not rely on symmetry.
 It is more subtle and offer a great opportunity and variety in
arrangement.
 It should be use in small rooms

9. Emphasis
It is the centers interest on the most important thing in
arrangement .
Emphasis creates a focal point in a design composition; it
is how we bring attention to what is important in it.
Emphasis helps readers determine the important
information on your display and allows them to
interpret the message faster.
This process of arranging the visual elements on a
composition according to their order of importance and
emphasis is called Visual Hierarchy.
Visual Hierarchy is used to guide readers attention to the
main places on your composition.

10. Emphasis can be done through
 grouping of the object.
 through color contract.
 decoration.
 plain surface
 contrasting Lines, shapes, and sizes.
 Make it bolder
 Make it brighter
 Change Style Add special visual effects.
 Add a border or frame
 Add more negative of positive space
 Add shadow or lights
 Change the position Create Focal Points

12. Rhythm
It is nothing but a form of movement.
It suggest the gracefulness, spontaneity, energy and
primitiveness.
The principle of design that refers to a regular
repetition of elements of art to produce the look and
feel of movement.
It is often achieved through the careful placement
of repeated components which invite the viewer's
eye to jump rapidly or glide smoothly from one to
the next.

13. Rhythm can be achieved through
Repetition of shapes.
Progression of sizes or gradation.
Continues line movement.
Radiation.
Opposition.
Transition.

15. Proportion
Scale refers to the size of an object (a whole) in
relationship to another object (another whole).
Proportions relates to the size of a design in relation
to the height and width of the area in which it is
placed
 Proportions of objects determine the size when
compared to each other or in other words we evaluate
the size from the objects surrounded by objects.

17. Harmony
 Harmony in visual design means all parts of the visual image
relate to and complement each other. Harmony pulls the pieces
of a visual image together.
 It can be defined as the selection and arrangement of
consistent ideas and objects.
 When multiple elements of design are used to add interest to a
design. n Variety can be created using different elements and
materials, as long as they are compatible to each other.

18. Aspect of Harmony
Harmony in line and shape
Harmony in size
Harmony in texture
Harmony in Idea/Theme
Harmony in Color