Urine analysis provides important information about kidney and overall health. A urine sample can be analyzed through macroscopic, chemical, and microscopic examination. The macroscopic exam evaluates attributes like color, clarity, and specific gravity. Chemical tests detect substances like proteins, glucose, ketones, and blood. Microscopic analysis identifies casts, crystals, epithelial cells, and other elements in urine sediment. Urine dipsticks provide a convenient, first-line screening for various analytes through color-changing indicators. Collectively, a urine analysis can detect disorders of the kidneys, urinary tract, and other body systems.