Unreal uses of past tenses
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The document discusses various ways to use past tenses to describe unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future. Some of the structures covered include "it's (high/about) time", "what if/suppose/imagine", "would rather/would sooner", "as if/as though", and "I wish/if only". These structures allow us to talk about preferences, hypothetical scenarios, counterfactual situations, and things we want to be different than they are. The document provides examples of how to use each structure and encourages the reader to practice making their own sentences using these past tense constructions.
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Unreal uses of past tenses mini presentation
This document discusses different ways to express wishes and preferences in English using modal verbs like "wish", "would", and "rather". It explains that "wish + past simple" is used for things we want that are different now, while "wish + past perfect" refers to past regrets. "If only" provides more emphasis. "Wish + would" expresses wanting annoyances to stop. "Would rather" shows preferences without or with subject changes. "It's time" refers to things that need doing now or soon, with "high time" adding criticism.
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This document provides examples of the structures and meanings of the phrases "would rather" and "had better." "Would rather" expresses preference between two options, while "had better" strongly recommends a course of action. It then provides a list of situations and asks students to make sentences using "would rather" and/or "had better" to express opinions about dealing with each situation.
Class presentation conditionals i
Conditional sentences have two clauses: an if-clause and a main clause. There are different types of conditional sentences depending on the tenses used. A zero conditional uses present tense in both clauses to describe universal truths or scientific facts. A first conditional uses a present tense if-clause and a future tense main clause to talk about possible future events, make promises, or give warnings.
Top 2 unit 5 - infinitive-ing
This document discusses the differences between the -ing form and the infinitive form of verbs in English. It notes that certain verbs are followed by the infinitive, such as "forget", "help", and "teach". Other verbs are followed by the -ing form, like "avoid", "dislike", and "enjoy". The -ing form is also used after prepositions. Some verbs can be followed by either the -ing form or infinitive without changing the meaning, while for other verbs the form changes the intended meaning.
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The document discusses when to use the infinitive form (to verb) and the -ing form (verb+ing) of verbs in English sentences. It provides examples of verbs, adjectives and prepositions that are followed by the infinitive or -ing form. The main points are:
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- -Ing form is used as the subject of a sentence, after prepositions, and after certain verbs like enjoy, dislike.
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A quick tutorial on how to use and write the third conditional or unreal conditional in the past. It also has an exercise at the end.
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This document provides an introduction to unreal conditional sentences. It begins by stating the goal is for students to learn about unreal conditional sentences and be able to use them to describe impossible situations. It then defines unreal conditionals and outlines the two types: second and third conditional. Second conditional is used to talk about unreal present or future situations using "if" clauses in simple past and main clauses with "would." Third conditional is used for unreal past situations, forming the "if" clause in past perfect and the main clause with "would" and present perfect. Examples are provided for both.
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This document discusses three English phrases: 1) "Would rather" is used to express preferences between two choices. 2) "It's (high) time" refers to when an action should be done, implying it may be too late. 3) "Had better" gives advice, suggesting negative consequences if not followed. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate the proper uses and structures of each phrase.
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The document discusses infinitive and -ing verb forms. Infinitives add information to certain verbs, verb-object combinations, adjectives, and expressions. They are used after verbs like want, need, refuse. -ing forms are used as subjects and complements, after prepositions, and to describe continuous actions. Both infinitives and -ing forms are used to provide additional details to sentences.
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Inversion is used to change the typical subject-verb word order in a sentence. It is used after negative adverbials like "never", "rarely", and "only" where the subject normally comes after the verb. Some examples of sentences using inversion after negative adverbials are provided.
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The document summarizes the different uses of the infinitive and -ing form of verbs in English. It discusses how infinitives and -ings can be used as subjects, objects, complements, after certain verbs and prepositions, and how their meaning can change depending on the context.
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This slide is about conditionals that it would be help you to learn easily. I hope you would like it.
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This document provides guidelines for writing different types of letters and reports. It includes sections on informal letters, formal letters, letters of application, reports, articles, stories, and discursive essays. For each format, it lists common elements and structures to include as well as useful phrases, vocabulary, and punctuation conventions.
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This document provides guidelines for writing different types of letters and reports. It includes sections on informal letters, formal letters, letters of application, reports, articles, stories, and discursive essays. For each format, it lists common elements and structures to include as well as useful phrases, vocabulary, and punctuation conventions.
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The document discusses different ways to express wishes and hypothetical situations using conditionals and the verbs "wish" and "if only". It outlines five categories:
1) Present states using "wish/if only" plus the past simple tense
2) Present actions using "wish/if only" plus "would"
3) Expressing irritation using "wish/if only" plus "would"
4) Present ability using "wish/if only" plus "could"
5) Wishes for the future or past situations using "wish/if only" plus "would" or the past perfect tense.
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This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English:
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- Second conditional expresses improbability using "if + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive".
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This document discusses the three main types of conditional sentences in English: first, second, and third conditional. It provides examples of each conditional type and explains their typical uses. The document also discusses variations that can be used with different tenses in conditional sentences, mixed conditionals, implied conditionals, and other ways to express conditional meaning besides using "if", such as "unless" or "even if".
Alternatives to If.pptx
This document discusses alternative conjunctions that can be used instead of "if" to introduce conditional clauses:
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This document discusses conditional sentences, also known as "if" sentences. It explains that conditional sentences have two clauses: the if-clause and the main clause. It also describes the four types of conditional sentences: zero, first, second, and third conditional. Each type uses different verb tenses depending on whether the condition is possible, probable, unlikely, or impossible. Examples are provided to illustrate the different conditional sentence structures and their meanings.
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The document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English:
1) First conditional - uses "if" clauses with present tense to express possible and probable future events.
2) Second conditional - uses "if" clauses with past tense to express hypothetical, unlikely or imaginary present or future situations.
3) Third conditional - uses "if" clauses with past perfect tense to express regret about impossible past situations.
It also discusses wish/if only clauses which are used to talk about unrealistic or hypothetical wishes and regrets in the present, past or future.
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This document discusses different types of conditional clauses in English including zero, first, second, and third conditionals. It explains the structure of each conditional using examples and notes how they refer to different time frames. The document also covers using modal verbs in conditionals, replacing "if" with words like "unless" and "as long as", and expressions of time and wishes/regrets.
Second conditional
This document discusses the second conditional in English grammar. It explains that the second conditional refers to unlikely or imaginary present situations. The form uses "if" followed by the past simple in the if-clause and "would + base verb" in the main clause. Examples are provided to illustrate how the second conditional is used to talk about unlikely future situations, give advice by saying "if I were you," and note alternatives to "if" like "if only," "unless," and "were to."
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This document provides information about using the second conditional structure in English. It explains that the second conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or unlikely situations and their consequences. It uses the structure "if + past simple" and "would/wouldn't + infinitive". Examples are given like "If I had money, I would pay for dinner". The document also notes that the second conditional can be used to give advice by saying "If I were you...". Several examples of using the second conditional to give advice are given.
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This document discusses modal verbs and their forms and uses in English. It explains that modal verbs do not have an -s form in the third person singular. They are followed by the base form of verbs and have no infinitives or -ing forms. Modal verbs express attitudes, opinions and judgements rather than facts. Each modal verb has multiple meanings, including expressing possibility or probability. The document then discusses the specific modal verbs have to/has to, can, be allowed to, should, and must - explaining their affirmative, negative and interrogative forms as well as common uses to express obligations, permissions, suggestions and advice.
Conditionals
Conditional sentences contain two clauses: a condition clause (if-clause) and a result clause. There are four types of conditional sentences: zero conditional for facts, first conditional for probable future events, second conditional for unlikely events, and third conditional for hypothetical past events. Mixed conditionals combine elements of different conditionals. Alternative constructions include "unless", "otherwise", and "wish/if only".
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Unreal uses of past tenses
- 1. UNREAL USES OF PAST TENSES
- 2. After some expressions , we use past tenses to describe unreal or imaginary situations. These ideas may refer to the past, present or future: ๏ฎ ITโS (HIGH / ABOUT) TIME ... To express that something is not happening but it should be: Itโs time you stopped splashing your money out! The use of HIGH or ABOUT makes the sentence more emphatic: Itโs high time you started saving for a rainy day. You may use TO INF as well: Itโs time for our company to expand
- 3. ๏ฎ WHAT IF / SUPPOSE / SUPPOSING / IMAGINE ... To ask about imaginary situations and their consequences in the present or future. These are similar to second conditional questions: What if you won the lottery? Suppose you were rich, where in the world would you buy a house? Imagine a cash dispenser ate your credit card, how would you react? We can also use these expressions with past perfect. This is similar to third conditional: Supposing you had invested in that company, what benefits would you have obtained?
- 4. ๏ฎ WOULD RATHER / WOULD SOONER... To express preferences: Iโd rather you paid me back before Tuesday. Iโm broke. Sheโd sooner I inherited the ranch. If the person expressing the preference is also the subject of the preference, use INFINITIVE without TO: Iโd rather not pay in cash, if you donโt mind.
- 5. ๏ฎ AS IF / AS THOUGH ... To say that appearance is different from reality: She behaves as if she was made of money. Peter spends money as though it grew on trees. Use the present simple/ present perfect with these expressions when the situation may be true: It looks as if you have spent all your money on this new bag.
- 6. ๏ฎ I WISH / IF ONLY .... + past participle when we want our own situation to be different: I wish I wasnโt in the red. If only I could set some money aside to travel more often. + would we want another person or thing to be different: I wish you would stop throwing your money at things you donโt really need. + part prefect to express regret about the past: I wish I hadnโt spent a fortune on that smartwatch.
- 7. ๏ฎ Itโs high time our government โฆ ๏ฎ Itโs time our society โฆ ๏ฎ Itโs time my English โฆ ๏ฎ Itโs about time you โฆ ๏ฎ Iโd rather my teacher โฆ ๏ฎ Iโd sooner โฆ ๏ฎ Iโd rather start โฆ ๏ฎ Iโd rather you didnโt โฆ ๏ฎ Iโd rather โฆ ๏ฎ Imagine you were โฆ.. ๏ฎ If only I could ... ๏ฎ If only I was/ were more โฆ ๏ฎ I wish I wasnโt/ werenโt so โฆ ๏ฎ I wish I had/โd never/ hadnโt โฆ ๏ฎ I wish my country would/ wouldnโt โฆ ๏ฎ I wish politicians would/wouldnโt โฆ ๏ฎ I feel as if โฆ ๏ฎ My car looks as though .. ๏ฎ My English sounds as ifโฆ MAKE SENTENCES