The document discusses different ways to express wishes and hypothetical situations using conditionals and the verbs "wish" and "if only". It outlines five categories: 1) Present states using "wish/if only" plus the past simple tense 2) Present actions using "wish/if only" plus "would" 3) Expressing irritation using "wish/if only" plus "would" 4) Present ability using "wish/if only" plus "could" 5) Wishes for the future or past situations using "wish/if only" plus "would" or the past perfect tense.

1. Wish Hypothetical situations

2. Hypothetical situations A Wish and if only 1 Present states wish/if only + past simple Stative verbs such as be , have, k now and understand I wish I was/were taller. If only I knew how to play the guitar.

3. 2 Present actions ( a ver si,……) wish/if only + would Active verbs (verbs describing actions) are used. I wish you would turn your music down. If only this wind would stop blowing.

4. Wish/if only + would to express irritation at other peoples' actions or behaviour. I wish you would stop tapping your foot.

5. Wish/If only + past simple/ wouldn’t can also be used if the action occurs habitually. I wish you didn't ( or wouldn't) smoke so much.

6. 3 Present ability Wish/If only + could for events which are outside of our control. `I wish I could...' to indicate our inability to change things. I wish I could remember where I put my keys. Consequently, we do not normally say `I wish I would...'.

7. 4 Wishes for the future Wish/If only + would or could I wish I could go on holiday with you in summer. (I know that I can't go with you).

8. 5 Past situations wish/if only + past perfect to express wishes and regrets about the past. I wish I hadn't left school when I was 16.

9. Resumiendo I) Deseos sobre la realidad presente : Wish + pasado simple “ I wish it didn’t rain so much in Cantabria.” II) Deseos sobre la realidad pasada , arrepantimientos (regrets): Wish + pasado perfecto “ I wish it hadn’t rained so much during our holidays.” III) Deseos sobre el futuro o quejas, para cambio: Wish + would “ I wish it wouldn’t rain so much here.”

10. Alternative structures The following structures can also be used to express wishes and regrets about the past. a Third and mixed conditionals (see Unit 11) If I hadn't been so tired, this wouldn't have happened. b should have + past participle We should have got the train. This traffic's terrible.