This document discusses various grammatical structures used to express speculation, deduction, and expectation in English. It provides examples of structures used to express:
1. Positive and negative certainty in the present and past through the use of modal verbs like "must", "can't", "must have", "couldn't have".
2. Probable certainty in the present and past through modal verbs like "may", "might", "could", "may/might not", "could have".
3. Expectation in the present through modal verbs like "should", "ought to".
4. Regret and expectation in the past through the use of "should/ought to have".
It also
Do you want to have a B2 English certificate?
Do you want to get into an English speaking university?
Do you want to improve your job prospects?
This course is designed to help you prepare yourself for the Cambridge English First (FCE) B2 level English exam. This is a globally recognised language exam – accepted by lots of education and work institutions around the world!
In this course I give you all the best tips, techniques and resources to effectively prepare yourself for the B2 First Certificate: FCE Speaking paper. I go through each part of this paper giving you the best advice on how to answer the questions, so hopefully it won't be necessary for you to spend lots of extra money on lessons.
There is no other course that I have found which focuses on and instructs you how to pass each section of this exam, using exam samples for practice exercises. This course allows you to concentrate specifically on what you need to do in order to pass the Speaking paper.
The course comprises 75 slides with lots of useful information, tips, resources and practice exercises. Homework exercises are given.
What you need to take this course:
You should have a lower-intermediate (A2-B1) level of English
It is better if you have a personal computer (pc) or laptop
Who should take this course?
Lower intermediate (A2-B1) level English students who would like to get into university.
Lower intermediate (A2-B1) level English students who would like to get better jobs.
Lower intermediate (A2-B1) level English students who would like to have more job opportunities.
Any student who wants a B2 English language certificate!
After taking this course:
Students will have a much better understanding of the Cambridge English: First (FCE/B2 First) Certificate 'Speaking' paper structure.
Students will know the best strategy to answer all the questions in the Cambridge English: First (FCE/B2 First) Certificate 'Speaking' paper.
Students will be able to prepare themselves more effectively for the Cambridge English: First (FCE/B2 First) Certificate 'Speaking' Paper
Do you want to have a B2 English certificate?
Do you want to get into an English speaking university?
Do you want to improve your job prospects?
This course is designed to help you prepare yourself for the Cambridge English First (FCE) B2 level English exam. This is a globally recognised language exam – accepted by lots of education and work institutions around the world!
In this course I give you all the best tips, techniques and resources to effectively prepare yourself for the B2 First Certificate: FCE Speaking paper. I go through each part of this paper giving you the best advice on how to answer the questions, so hopefully it won't be necessary for you to spend lots of extra money on lessons.
There is no other course that I have found which focuses on and instructs you how to pass each section of this exam, using exam samples for practice exercises. This course allows you to concentrate specifically on what you need to do in order to pass the Speaking paper.
The course comprises 75 slides with lots of useful information, tips, resources and practice exercises. Homework exercises are given.
What you need to take this course:
You should have a lower-intermediate (A2-B1) level of English
It is better if you have a personal computer (pc) or laptop
Who should take this course?
Lower intermediate (A2-B1) level English students who would like to get into university.
Lower intermediate (A2-B1) level English students who would like to get better jobs.
Lower intermediate (A2-B1) level English students who would like to have more job opportunities.
Any student who wants a B2 English language certificate!
After taking this course:
Students will have a much better understanding of the Cambridge English: First (FCE/B2 First) Certificate 'Speaking' paper structure.
Students will know the best strategy to answer all the questions in the Cambridge English: First (FCE/B2 First) Certificate 'Speaking' paper.
Students will be able to prepare themselves more effectively for the Cambridge English: First (FCE/B2 First) Certificate 'Speaking' Paper
New Headway Intermediate - Unit 9 relationships .. ..
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TEMAS: Modal verbs 2- probability, Character adjectives, So do I ! Neither do!.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Choose the right form. Why the other
option is wrong?
1. A: That sounds like the neighbours’ dog.
B: It can’t be / mustn’t be. They’ve gone away for the weekened
and they’ve taken the dog with them.
2. There’s no sound coming from his room. He probably hasn’t /hasn’t
probably woken up yet.
3. A: Didn’t you hear that bang in the middle of the night? It woke me up.
B: Yes, I did. It must be / must have been the wind.
4. Can you turn the music down? If we make too much noise, the woman
upstairs will likely call / is likely to call the police.
5. A: Can I speak to Raymond, please?
B: Sorry, he’s not back yet. He must work / must be working late.
3. PRESENT DEDUCTION, SPECULATION &
EXPECTATION
POSITIVE CERTAINTY
MUST + inf
They must be in Bahamas now. I’ve just seen them scuba
diving on Instagram.
NEGATIVE CERTAINTY
CAN’T/ COULDN’T + inf
They can’t land in Bahamas. Flights are cancelled till
Wednesday due to a hurricane.
PROBABLE CERTAINTY
MAY/ MIGHT/ COULD + inf
MIGHTN’T/ MAY NOT + inf
They may not fly to Bahamas, as she is due in a month.
EXPECTATION
SHOULD/ OUGHT TO + inf
The couple should be home by Friday as their honeymoon lasts
one week. (They are expected to be back by Friday)
4. PAST DEDUCTION & SPECULATION
POSITIVE CERTAINTY
MUST HAVE + pp
The five-year-old boy must have taken his hamster
with him. Someone saw a rodent on the shelves.
NEGATIVE CERTAINTY
CAN’T/ COULDN’T HAVE + pp
The infant can’t have taken all the cereal boxes off
the shelves. His parents kept an eye on him at all
times.
PROBABLE CERTAINTY
MAY/ MIGHT/ COULD HAVE + pp
MIGHTN’T/ MAY NOT HAVE + pp
The boy might have panicked when he found a rat in
the cereal aisle.
REGRET / EXPECTANCY
SHOULD/ OUGHT TO HAVE + pp
I should have called you before you left. (regret)
His parents should have cleaned up the mess.
(Expectation: He expected his parents to have
cleaned up the mess)
5. OTHER EXPRESSIONS FOR
SPECULATION
• Be bound to + inf (inevitable)
He was found guilty of doping and is bound to lose his medal.
• Be likely/ unlikely to + inf (probable)
A new election is likely to be held early next month.
• Will definitely/ probably + verb
Justin will definitely turn down the offer.
• Definitely/probably won’t + verb
Claire probably won’t accept the job.
