The document outlines the seven principles of universal design which aim to make products and environments usable by people of all abilities. The principles are: 1) equitable use, 2) flexibility in use, 3) simple and intuitive use, 4) perceptible information, 5) tolerance for error, 6) low physical effort, and 7) size and space for approach and use. Each principle is defined and an example is provided to illustrate how that principle can be applied. The overall goal of universal design is to design products and environments to be usable by all people without the need for adaptation.

1. The Principles of
Universal Design

2. Universal Design
› Designing any product or environment involves the consideration
of many factors, including aesthetics, engineering options,
environmental issues, industry standards, safety concerns, and
cost.In contrast, UD is "the design of products and environments
to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible,
without the need for adaptation or specialized design"

3. The Principles of Universal Design
› Principle 1: Equitable Use
› Principle 2: Flexibility in Use
› Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
› Principle 4: Perceptible Information
› Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
› Principle 6: Low Physical Effort
› Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use

4. Principle 1: Equitable Use
› The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse
abilities.

5. Example:
› Power doors with sensors at entrances that are
convenient for all users
› Integrated, dispersed, and adaptable seating in
assembly areas such as sports arenas and theaters

6. Principle 2: Flexibility in Use
› The design accommodates a wide range of individual
preferences and abilities.

7. › Example:
› Scissors designed for right- or left-handed users
› An automated teller machine (ATM) that has visual,
tactile, and audible feedback, a tapered card opening,
and a palm rest

8. Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
› Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's
experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration
level.

9. Example:
› An instruction manual with drawings and no text
› A moving sidewalk or escalator in a public space

10. Principle 4: Perceptible Information
› The design communicates necessary information effectively to
the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory
abilities.

11. Example:
› Tactile, visual, and audible cues and instructions on a
thermostat
› Redundant cueing (e.g., voice communications and signage) in
airports, train stations, and subway cars

12. Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
› The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of
accidental or unintended actions.

13. Example:
› An "undo" feature in computer software that allows
the user to correct mistakes without penalty

14. Principle 6: Low Physical Effort
› The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a
minimum of fatigue.

15. Example :
› Lever or loop handles on doors and faucets

16. Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and
Use
› Appropriate size and space is provided for approach,
reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's
body size, posture, or mobility.

17. Example:
› Wide gates at subway stations that accommodate all users
› Controls on the front and clear floor space around appliances,
mailboxes, garbage dumpsters, and other building elements