The document discusses various types of concrete, including ready mix, vacuum, shotcrete, ferrocement, fiber reinforced, polymer, air entrained, and lightweight concrete. Each type has unique properties and applications ranging from construction and repair work to insulation. The evolution of ready mix concrete since its inception in the 1930s and ongoing research into vacuum concrete are also highlighted.

1. Rishabh Lala
VI SEM
Rajiv Gandhi Technological University,Bhopal

2. The following are the concrete that we are
going to discuss in this chapter:
Ready Mix
Vacuum
Concrete
Shortcrete
Ferrocement
Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
Polymer
Concrete
Light weight
concrete
Air Entrained
Concrete

3. Ready-mix
concrete is concrete that is
manufactured in a factory or
batching plant, according to a
set recipe, and then delivered
to a work site, by truck
mounted in–transit mixers.
This results in a precise
mixture, allowing
specialty concrete mixtures to
be developed and
implemented on construction
sites. The first ready-mix
factory was built in the 1930s,
but the industry did not begin
to expand significantly until the
1980s, and it has continued to
grow since then.

4. Vacuum concrete, made by
using steam to produce a
vacuum inside a concrete
mixing truck to release air
bubbles inside the concrete, is
being researched. The idea is
that the steam displaces the
air normally over the concrete.
When the steam condenses
into water it will create a low
pressure over the concrete
that will pull air from the
concrete. This will make the
concrete stronger due to there
being less air in the mixture. A
drawback is that the mixing
has to be done in a mostly
airtight container.

5. Shotcrete refers to the type
that utilizes compressed air
in order to shoot concrete
towards a finished frame or
structure. This type of
concrete is preferred for
works that are needed to be
applied overhead or on
vertical surfaces. This is used
for repairs on bridges, dams,
pools and other application
that needs the concrete to
be applied without forming.
Shotcrete eliminates the use
of
formwork
for
its
application.

6. The term ferrocement, also
referred to as ferro concrete
or reinforced concrete, is most
commonly applied to a mixture
of Portland cement and sand
applied over layers of woven or
expanded steel mesh and closely
spaced small-diameter steel
rods rebar. It can be used to form
relatively thin, compound curved
sheets to make hulls for boats, shell
roofs, water tanks, etc. It has been
used in a wide range of other
applications including sculpture and
prefabricated building components.
The term has been applied by
extension to othercomposite
materials including some containing
no cement and no ferrous material.
These are better referred to by
terms describing their actual
contents.

7. Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC)
is concrete containing fibrous
material which increases its
structural integrity. It contains
short discrete fibers that are
uniformly distributed and
randomly oriented. Fibers
include steel fibers, glass
fibers, synthetic
fibers and natural fibers – each
of which lend varying properties
to the concrete. In addition, the
character of fiber-reinforced
concrete changes with varying
concretes, fiber materials,
geometries, distribution,
orientation, and densities.

8. Polymer concrete is part of
group of concretes that
use polymers to
supplement or
replace cement as a binder.
The types include polymerimpregnated concrete,
polymer concrete, and
polymer-Portlandcement concrete. Polymers
in concrete have been
overseen by Committee 548
of the American Concrete
Institute since 1971

9. b. Air Entrained
Concrete
The concrete prepared by mixing
aluminum in it is called air
entrained, cellular or aerated
concrete. In this concrete bubbles of
hydrogen gas are liberated which
forms cell and make the concrete
cellular.
USES: This concrete is used for lining
walls and roofs for heat and sound
insulation purpose.

10. c. Light Weight Concrete
The concrete prepared by using coke
breeze, cinder or slag as coarse
aggregate is called light weight
concrete. The concrete is light in weight
and posses heat insulating properties.
USES
This concrete is used in making precast
structural units for partition and wall
lining.