This document discusses several types of special and advanced construction materials. It describes prestressed concrete, which uses high-strength steel and pre-loading to control cracking. Colored concrete can be produced using colored aggregates or pigments. Bendable concrete contains fibers for flexibility. Advanced materials discussed include light gauge steel, bamboo, plastic bottle bricks, cross-laminated timber, and ceramics. Each material is examined in terms of its composition, properties, applications, and advantages and disadvantages for construction.

1. Departement construction technology and management
Program msc building construction technology and management
course name :- advanced construction material and technology
assignment area:- special concrete and advanced construction materials
prepared by derje jima
Course code
CoTM–523

2. Part i
•Special concrfete
1. Prestress Concrete
2. COLORED CONCRETES
3. Bendable concrete

3. SPECIAL CONCRETE
What Is Special Concrete
Special concretes are the concrete prepared for specific purpose.
is used for special type of structures like nuclear reactor, buildings with sound
treatment, air conditioned buildings etc.
1. Prestress Concrete
pre-loading.
It has the precast concrete.
used to make highway overpasses and commercial buildings.
Prestress Concrete

4. Cont…

5. cont
Objective of prestress concrete
Control tensile stresses in the concrete (cracking) at least up to service load levels.
Control deflection at some specific load level.
Use to high strength steel and concrete.
There are two methods of prestressing:
1) Pre-tensioning: - Apply prestress to steel threads before casting.
2) Post-tensioning: - Apply prestress to steel tendons after casting.
Bonded Post-Tensioned Concrete:
Unbonded Post-Tensioned Concrete
Objective of prestressconcrete

6. Pre-Tensioned Concrete
Concrete is cast around steel bars or cables under tension.
Tension on the concrete transfers readily to the tendons.
Pre-tensioned concrete elements are common in floor slabs, beams, and lintels.
Bonded Post-TensionedConcrete:
Tendons are pushed through the duct, then tensioned via hydraulic jack after
hardening.
Compression is applied in situ during curing.
c) Transferring of prestress

7. CONT…

8. Cont…
Unbonded Post-Tensioned Concrete:-
 The individual tendons retain freedom of movement relative to the concrete.
UnbondedPost-Tensioned Concrete

9. Advantages and dis advantages of prestress concrete
Advantages of PrestressedConcrete
To reduce the dead load of the concrete structure
Long-term Durability and used to long span of structures. .
Fatigue resistance and Better finishing of placed concrete
It requires a smaller amount of construction materials.
DisAdvantages of PrestressedConcrete
It requires high tensile strength steel.
Higher material costs.
 Formwork is more complex than for RC (flanged sections, thin webs).
Requires additional special equipment like jacks, anchorage, etc.
 It requires highly skilled workers under skilled supervision.

10. COLORED CONCRETES
Colored concrete can be produced by using colored aggregates or by adding color
pigments(ASTM C 979)or both.
The pigments are in the form of powder, fine or liquid
 Colored aggregates may be natural rock such as quartz, marble, and granite, or they may be
ceramic materials.
 The amount of color pigments added to a concrete mixture should not be more than 10% of the
mass of the cement.
The amount is normally 0.5 – 5.0% of the cement weight.
Typical primary colors
Synthetic iron oxide yellow and red
Synthetic iron oxide black (note: carbon black may adversely affect the creation of air voids)
synthetic iron oxide white (titanium dioxide; general brightener)
COLORED CONCRETES

11. Cont…
When use Liquid Pigments
Clean and easy use of liquid color.
less chance of mistakes.
 Reduced complexity.
 Greater technological accuracy.
• When use Powder Pigments
more chance of mistake.
Automation not clearly necessary.
No need to store powders frost protected.

12. Colored concrete application

13. Bendable concrete
Is the composed of all the ingredients of traditional concrete minus coarse aggregate and is
reinforced with polymer fibres.
The ingrediencies it contains cement ,sand ,water, fiber, super plasticizer, and admixture’s.
Bendable concrete also know as Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC).
The flexibility concrete also know as bendable concrete.
In some countries such as Japan, Korea, USA flexible concrete is used in many structures
Applications .
Earth quake resistant structures.
Flexible concrete.
It can be used in road and bridges.
Bendable concrete

14. Cont.…
Advantages of bendable(ECC) concrete
It is more resistance to cracking.
It is light weight.
It is more stronger and durable
It is not brittles
Disadvantages of bendable concrete
It has a high initial cost.
It requires skilled labor
It needs some special type of materials which can be difficult to find in
some areas.

15. THE first used
mihara bridge in Hokkaido, Japan in 2004
• Mihara bridge in Hokkaido, Japan in 2004
• Cable stayed bridge.
• Length 1000m
• ECClayer thickness 38mm
• Weight reduction 40%
• Cost reduction50
• Expected service life 100 years

16. Part ii
•advanced construction materials
LIGHTGAUGESTEEL
Bamboo
Ecobrick(plasticbottlebrick)
Crosslaminatedtimber
Ceramic

17. advanced construction materials
What is advanced construction materials means ?
Advanced construction material used to advanced works.
 LIGHT GAUGESTEEL
An attractive alternative for use in landed properties .
It is cold-formed process without the use of heat.
Steel is widely used in the construction of multi-story buildings.
Used countries America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
WHY USELIGHTGAUGE STEEL FRAMINGSYSTEM
Reduces material waste and improves quality.
Shorter construction period.
Easier on-site handling.
Highest strength-to-weight ratios.
low maintained and recyclable.

18. THE ADVANTAGESand Disadvantages LIGHT GAUGESTEEL FRAMING?
ADVANTAGES
Easy of pre-fabrication and mass production.
Easy erection and Installation.
Economy in transportation and easy handling.
Disadvantages?
light gauge steel won’t burn, it can lose strength in a re.
Rusting.

19. Bamboo
Bamboo is a woody grass. It is the fastest-growing woody plant in the world.
They are capable of growing 60 cm or more per day.
India is home to almost 45 % of world's bamboo forests.
USE OF BAMBOO IN CONSTRUCTION
Scaffolding
Roofing
Walling
Doors & Windows etc.

20. International Bamboo Building Design
The Bamboo can be already used the following 64 countries.
• Algeria
• Morocco
• Argentina
• Netherlands
• Australia
• New Zealand
• Austria
• Nigeria
• Bangladesh
• Norway
• Belgium
• Pakistan
• Brazil
• Paraguay
• Bulgaria
• Peru
• Canada
• Philippines
• Chile
• Poland
• China
• Portugal
• Colombia
• Romania
• Costa Rica
• Russia
• Denmark
• Singapore
• Ecuador
• Slovakia
• Egypt
• Slovenia
• Fiji
• South Africa
• France
• South Korea
• Germany
• Spain
• Hungary
• Sudan
• India
• Sweden
• Indonesia
• Switzerland
• Iran
• Syria
• Ireland
• Thailand
• Israel
• Trinidad
• Italy
• Turkey
• Ivory Coast
• Uganda
• Japan
• United Arab
Emirates
• Malaysia
• United Kingdom
• Mauritius
• United States
• Mexico
• Venezuela
• Moldova
• Vietnam

21. BASIC PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO
Tensile stress:- The bamboo tensile stress 370 N/mm2.
Durability:- the durability of bamboo can be depend on the age of bamboo.
Earthquake resistance:- is a perfect material for earthquakes it is light in weight.

22. ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES of bamboo
• ADVANTAGES
It is environment friendly and Low-cost
Light in weight .
earthquake resistant.
Bamboo is easy to cut, handle, repair and maintain.
Bamboo can prevent pollution by absorbing large amounts of nitrogen from waste water and
reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
DISADVANTAGES
It is sensitive to attack insects.
having different tensile strength.
During the drying process the bamboo diameter shrinks.

23. Cont…
Eco brick(PlasticBottle Bricks)
Bottle bricks are a simple and accessible Technology.
Now a per days, large amount of plastic bottles are wasted and disposed everyday.
have substantial dangerous impact on environment.
 They also compared to brick and concrete block walls, plastic bottle walls cost 75% less.
ADVANTAGES
Low cost.
Non-Brittle (unlike bricks.
Re-usable.
Easy To Build.
Damp Proof.

24. Advantages and dis advantages of eco brick

25. (Plastic Bottle Bricks HOUSE)

26. Crosslaminated timber
Solid wood panel
Similar to ply wood sheathing
It is engineered wood building system design to complement light and heavy timber framing
option.
density of 673 kg/m3.
Why crosslaminated timber used
Including aesthetics.
Cost effectiveness.
Environmental performance etc.
Benefit of cross laminated timberas follows.
Speed and efficiency of installation
Cost competitiveness
Resource efficiencies.
Short of construction periods.

27. Application of cross laminated timber
Performance
Good Fire Resistance.
Structural Flexibility
ConstructionEfficiency
75% lighter than concrete.
 Reduced construction time.

28. Crosslaminated timber advantages and dis advantages
• Advantages of cross laminated timber
Design flexibility
It can be used in wall, roof or ceiling.
Eco-friendly
CLT is renewable and sustainable materials..

29. dis advantages of crosslaminatedtimber
Higher production costs
Being a relatively new material.
CLT (cross laminated timber) is not produced in many locations.
Limited track record
it has not been used in many building projects.

30. Ceramic materials
Ceramics always composed of more than one elements.
Ceramic are the inorganic non metallic materials such as silicates, aluminates,
oxides, carbides, borides and hydroxide.
Is a made of clay, silica and feldspar
What are the advantages and disadvantages of ceramic?
 advantages of ceramic
Corrosion resistance.
Easily available.
Low cost of raw materials.
Low density.
Ceramic

31. Cont…
disadvantages of ceramic ?
Weak in tension.
Poor shock resistance.
They are brittle in nature.
Dimensional tolerances difficult to control during processing.
Applications
Corrosion resistance.
Thermal insulation.
Electrical insulation.
low density.
ceramic

32. cont…
general properties of ceramic
Mechanical properties
sensitivity to crack, and porosity.
strength tension is lower than compressive strength
Physical properties
low specific gravity and having high melting temperature.