The document provides an overview of developments during the Renaissance period, including: - The Renaissance saw developments in science, art, architecture, painting, and sculpture as humanism flourished and scholars looked to antiquity for inspiration. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were influential in multiple disciplines. - Architecture revived classical elements and emphasized harmony and proportion. Brunelleschi and Alberti were pioneers. Painting developed techniques like perspective and idealized figures. Key painters included Masaccio, Botticelli, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. Sculpture also emulated antiquity through proportions and anatomy, with masters including Ghiberti,

1. Unit 9 Renaissance and Reformation
1- WHAT WAS THE RENAISSANCE?
2- HOW DID SCIENCE AND ART DEVELOPED?
3- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE LIKE?
4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?
5- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE LIKE?
6- WHO WERE LEONARDO AND MICHELANGELO
8- WHAT WAS REFORMATION?
9- WHAT WAS THE COUNTER-REFORMATION?

2. 1- WHAT WAS THE RENAISSANCE?
Renaissance is a period that began at the end of the 14th century and ended at
the beginning of the 17th century.
Humanism is a cultural and intellectual movement which developed in the 15th
century and the early 16th century.
Characteristics Medieval culture focused on God, Humanism on human
beings.
Humanist were inspired by Antiquity (Greek and Roman
civilizations)
They defended the search for truth through reason and
experience.
They were curious about everything (not specialists in one
field but in many disciplines)

3. Erasmus of Rotterdam
Luis Vives Thomas More
1- WHAT WAS THE RENAISSANCE?
The greatest
humanist

4. 1- WHAT WAS THE RENAISSANCE?
The printing
press
Revolutionary invention
Books no longer had
to be copied by hand.
Books became
cheaper.
Humanism reached
more people.

5. 1- WHAT WAS THE RENAISSANCE?
Define the following concepts: Renaissance, Humanism
Activity 1 on page 83.
Name the three most important humanists.
Why was the printing press a revolutionary invention?

6. 2- HOW DID SCIENCE AND ART DEVELOPED?
Science Thanks to Humanism, Science developed
Copernicus developed the Heliocentric theory
The Sun is the centre of the universe, and the
Earth and other planets revolved around it.
The Church rejected the Copernicus’ theory Ptolemaic geocentric
theory
Human anatomy
Vesalius: Anatomy
Miguel Servet: blood circulation
Geographical discoveries allowed the develope of
Botany
Geography
Cartography
Zoology

7. 2- HOW DID SCIENCE AND ART DEVELOPED
The
Renaissance
style in art
Characteristics
Inspired by the artistic models of Antiquity.
Revive the harmonious forms of Greeks and
Romans.
They tried to capture the ideal beauty of human
beings.
First appeared in Italy in 14th c.; spread in 15th
and 16th century
Quattrocento
Cinquecento
First period of the Renaissance, it flourished in Florence during the
15th century.
Second period of the Renaissance, it flourished in Rome during the
16th century.

8. 2- HOW DID SCIENCE AND ART DEVELOPED
Explain the relation between Humanism and science.
What is the Heliocentric theory?
Why did the Church rejected the Copernicus’ theory?
Who were Vesalius and Miguel Servet?
Explain the relation between the geographical discoveries and science.
Explain the characteristics of the Renaissance
Define Quattrocento and Cinquecento

9. 3- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE LIKE?
Renaissance architecture
Characteristics
Quattrocento (Artists and works)
Cinquecento (Artists and works)
Classical elements were revived
(semicircular arches, classical
Doric, Ionic and Corinthians
columns)
Smaller buildings adapted to
human proportions.
Ornamention simple and
austere.
GOAL: To create a sense of
order and harmony.
Brunelleschi was the most outstanding
artist: Dome of the Cathedral of Florence,
Pitti Palace, churches of San Lorenzo and
Santo Spirito.
Alberti: Rucellai Palace, Basilica of Sant
Andrea.
Bramante: First project of Saint Peter’s
Basilica.
Michelangelo: Dome of Saint Peter’s
Cathedral.
Maderno: Final project.

10. Dome of the cathedral of Florence
Church of Santo Spirito
Brunelleschi was the
most outstanding
architect of the
Quattrocento.
Pitti Palace
3- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE LIKE?

11. The geometric shapes and proportions were really
important for the Renaissance architects.
Iglesia de Santa Maria la Novella, de Alberti
Basilica of Sant Andrea of Mantua
EL QUATTROCENTO: ALBERTI
Rucellai Palace

12. Three great architects collaborated in the project: Bramante did the first project, Michelangelo changed the dome and Maderno did
the rest.
3- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE LIKE?

13. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?
Renaissance painting
Characteristics Quattrocento (artists and works)
Cinquecento (artists and works)
They discovered perspective to create
impression of space and depth.
Inspired by classical Antiquity
- Harmonious proportions
- Aimed for beauty by idealising faces,
bodies and movements.
Subjects: Religious, mithological, nudes and
portraits
Pioneers in the use of perspective.
Masaccio: The Holy Trinity; The Tribute Money
Piero della Francesca: The Baptism of Christ
Idealised figures
Boticelli: the birth of Venus
Leonardo da Vinci: Represented nature; master
of Sfumato. LA Gioconda, The last supper.
Michelangelo: Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel.
Raphael: Perfect in the use of colour, drawing and
composition; Madonnas and Virgins
Titian: Venetian; Venus of Urbino; equestrian
portrait of Charles V

14. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?
Masaccio self-portrait
Masaccio
The Holy Trinity
Pioneer in the use of
perspective
Source: Wikipedia

15. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?Masaccio
The Tribute Money
Source: Wikipedia

16. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?
Source: Wikipedia
Piero della
Francesca
Della Francesca self-portrait
in The Resurrection
The Baptism of Christ

17. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?Leonardo
da Vinci
Source: Wikipedia The last supper

18. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING
LIKE?
Leonardo
da Vinci
Source: Wikipedia
Represented nature
Master of Sfumato
To draw blurring outlines in
order to create a sense of depth

19. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?Michelangelo
Source: Wikipedia Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

20. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?
Raphael
Madonna in the
Meadow

21. 4- WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE PAINTING LIKE?Titian
Equstrian portrait of Charles I in
Mühlberg

22. 5- What was Renaissance sculpture like?
Renaissance sculpture
Characteristics
Quattrocento
Cinquecento
It followed the models of
classical Antiquity.
Importance of proportions and
anatomical studies.
Subjects: Nudes, portraits,
busts, equestrian figures.
Figures were idealised but the
artist tried to capture the
personality.
Sculptures made of bronze and
marble.
Ghiberti: The Gates of
Paradise; applied the laws of
perspective to these panels.
Donatello: The greatest artist
from Quattrocento; David
Michelangelo: The greatest
artists of the Cinquecento;
David, Moses, Pietá

23. 5- What was Renaissance sculpture like?
Ghiberti
Author
Date
Title
Material
Topic
Characteristics

24. 5- What was Renaissance sculpture like?David
(Donatello)
Author
Date
Title
Material
Topic
Characteristics

25. 5- What was Renaissance sculpture like? Michelangelo
Author
Date
Title
Material
Topic
Characteristics

26. 5- What was Renaissance sculpture like? Michelangelo
Author
Date
Title
Material
Topic
Characteristics