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Unit 2 Physical Geography
- 1. UNIT 2 –PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: RELIEF 1- What is the Earth made of? 2- What is the Earth’s relief? 3- Why do landscapes change? 4- How does relief shape our planet? 5- What are volcanoes and earthquakes?
- 2. UNIT 2 –PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: RELIEF 1- Identify the different parts of the interior of the planet 2- Understand the continental drift and the tectonic plates Volcanoes and earthquakes Objectives 4- Identify the main relief features 5- Locate relief features 3- Understand how the relief changes: how the mountains are made and how the relief changes (erosion, transportation and deposition)
- 3. 1- What isthe Earth made of?The structure of the Earth CRUST MANTLE CORE Surface layer Thin, solid, made of rock Intermediate layer 85% of the Earth’s volume Made of rock and magma Deepest layer Part solid, part liquid 20-70 km deep under the continents; 10 km under the oceans. Divided into upper and lower mantle. 70-700 km 700-3000 km 3000-6000 km
- 4. 1- What isthe Earth made of?The structure of the Earth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXiVGEEP Q6c
- 6. 1- What isthe Earth made of? 1- Name the three layers the Earth is divided into 2- Describe the crust 3- Describe the mantle 4- Describe the core
- 7. 3- Why dolandscapes change? Weathering TRANSPORTATION DEPOSITION/SEDI MENTATION Fragmentation and disolution of rocks, soil and mud Transported by wind and water Acumulation of sediment, such as mud, sand or eroded rocks Causes of erosion Temperature Water Wind Vegetation Human beings EROSION
- 8. 3- Why dolandscapes change? TEMPERA TURE In the day, very high temperature heats up the surface of the rock and causes it to expand. At night, very low temperature cools the surface of the rock and causes it to contract. Alternate expansion and contraction of the rock surface weakens the rock. Over time, the rock surface will peel off. CAUSES OF EROSION
- 14. When temperature fallsbelow freezing point, water in the cracks of rock turns into ice. The ice will expand, widening the cracks. When temperature rises above freezing point, the ice in the crack will melt. Repeated freezing and melting will cause the cracks to become wider and the rocks will break apart.
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- 19. 3- Why dolandscapes change? WATER CAUSES OF EROSION SOLUTION FLUVIAL EROSION MARINE EROSION Water dissolves rocks Rivers erode materials while travelling Waves and currents wear away coasts Cliffs Form beaches
- 20. Gorges, canyons It´s anarrow valley with steep walls; gorges are formed thanks to erosion due to rivers. SOLUTION
- 21. Caverns A cave isa hollow place in the ground formed by the weathering of limestone (soluble rock) SOLUTION
- 22. 3- Why dolandscapes change? WATER FLUVIAL EROSION
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- 27. 3- Why dolandscapes change? Wind •Wind picks up sand in the deserts and hits against the rock surface. •As sand is heavy, it can only be carried by wind to a certain height. •Wind erosion can therefore take place near the base of rocks.
- 29. 4- How doesrelief shape ou planet? Continental drift Tectonic plates Theory developed in 1912 by Wegener There was only one continent we call Pangea; which brokes up millions years ago. The Earth’s crust is divided in plates, which are in continuous movement Where plates collide Folds are created Faults are created (rigid surface) (Plastic surface) Some plates move apart Some plates collide
- 30. 4- How doesrelief shape our planet?
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- 34. 5- What arevolcanoes and earthquakes? Volcano Earthquake It’s an opening on the surface of the Earth through which magma comes out. It’s a vibration of the Earth’s crust caused by tectonic plates when they crash. Earthquakes can produce tsunamis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RA2- Vc4PIOY Found on the edge of tectonic plates Weakest part of the Earth’s crust
- 35. 5- What arevolcanoes and earthquakes? Explain the eruption of a volcano