MAteriales de trabajo para 2º ESO Historia bilingüe

1. UNIT 8 POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGE
1- WHY DID THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION GROW?
2- HOW DID SOCIETY CHANGE?
3- HOW DID NEW STATES EMERGE?
4- WHAT WERE THE SPANISH KINGDOMS?
5- HOW DID THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS RULE?
Isabella of Castile, Ferdinard of Aragon: The
Catholic Monarchs
Political mao of the Iberian Peninsula during the 15th century

2. 1- WHY DID THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION
GROW?
The recovery of
population
14th c. 15th c. 16th c.
Hungers
Wars
Illnesses
Many people died
1348 Black Death
Plague that devastated
Europe, 25% of the
population died
Population began to
recovery slowly
There was a
considerable
population growth.

3. 1- WHY DID THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION
GROW?
There was an increase of the
population between year 1000 and
1300. 40 millions of inhabitants in
year 1000; 73 millions in 1300.
During the 14th century there was an
important decrease of the number of
inhabitants due to hungers, frequent
wars and plagues like the Black
Death.
During the 15th century, the
agricultural production increased
and the European population started
to grow again, consequently the
economy also grew.

4. 1- WHY DID THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION
GROW?
Economic growth
Causes Consequences
Economic growth
Population grew
Greater demand for
agricultural products and
crafts
More trade with recently
discovered lands
Banking system improved
Cities had great economic power
because trade and artisans were
concentrated there
Venice
Florence
Antwerp
Lisbon
Seville
London

5. 1- WHY DID THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION
GROW?
Why did Europe suffer a crisis in the 14th century?
What was the Black Death?
Explain the causes of the European economic growth in the 15th and 16th
century.
Which were the most important cities in Europe during this period? Which
was their role in Europe?
Activity 1 on page 75
Describe the graph on page 75 and explain the reasons of this evolution

6. 2- How did society change?
Medieval
society
Modern
society
Society divided in three estates Society divided in three estates
Nobility and clergy were the
privileged estates.
Nobility and clergy were the
privileged estates.
No taxes
Important
positions
Minority
Peasants lived in harsh conditions Peasants lived in harsh conditions
Most of the peasants were serfs Peasants became free in Western
Europe
Bourgeoisie became influentialBourgeoisie was born

7. 2- How did society change?
Describe the evolution of the society in Early Modern Ages:
1- Which aspects of the society did not change?
2- Describe the changes of the Early Modern society
Activity 2 on page 76

8. 3- How did new states emerge?
Kings reinforced their authority by reducing the power of the nobility, the
Church, the municipalities and Parliaments
HOW
Bureaucracy and centralised administration
Permanent army
Increased taxes (approved by the Parliament)
Diplomatic system
The court didn’t travel Capital cities appeared

9. 3- How did new states emerge?
Authoritarian
monarchies
Early Middle Ages
(10th-11th)
Middle Ages
(12th-14th)
Early Modern Ages
(15th-16th)
Kings were weak Kings increased their power Monarchs continued to
reinforce their power
Roman law
Parliaments
Collected taxes
Bureaucracy
Built up a permanent army
Increased taxes
Diplomatic system
They needed the
nobles’ support

10. 3- How did new states emerge?
The great
kingdoms
France England Russia Hispanic
Monarchy
After the Hundred
Years War the
French kings unified
the country
Henry VIII increased
royal power
Ivan the Great made
himself czar of Russia
Catholic
Monarchs
unified the
Iberian
kingdoms.
European kingdoms grew thanks to marriage alliances
and conquests

11. 3- How did new states emerge?
Make a composition explaining how the kings’ power increased during the
15th century.
Compare the kings’ power in these three different periods: early middle
age(10th/11th); 12th/14th century; early modern age (15th/16th century)
Which were the great kingdoms in the 15th century and who were their most
important monarchs?

12. 3- How did new states emerge?
Make a composition explaining how the kings’ power increased during the
15th century.
Compare the kings’ power in these three different periods: early middle
age(10th/11th); 12th/14th century; early modern age (15th/16th century)
Which were the great kingdoms in the 15th century and who were their most
important monarchs?
4- What were the Spanish kingdoms?
How was divided the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th century?
Describe the Crown of Castile political evolution
Describe how the Trastámara dynasty reached the power in Aragón
Who are the Catholic Monarchs?
What happened in the following years?
-1469
-1477
-1479
-1504
-1516
What does dynastic union mean?

13. 3- How did new states emerge?

14. 4- What were the Spanish kingdoms?
Divided in 5 large
territories:
Crown of Castile
Crown of Aragón
Kingdom of Navarre
Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of GRanada

15. The crown
of Castile
Continuous revolts of the nobles in the 15th c.
1474-1479 Civil War between Joanna and Isabella
1474 Henry IV died
Henry’s daughter
Henry’s sister

16. The crown
of Aragón
From the 15th century the same dynasty rules in Castile
and Aragón
1410: House of Aragón disappears
Trastámara dynasty

17. 4- What were the Spanish kingdoms?
1469 Isabella of Castile and
Ferdinard of Aragón married
1477 Isabella became queen of
Castile
1479 Ferdinard became king of
Aragón
Isabella and Ferdinard governed their territories together, but
each kingdom had its own laws and institutions.
1504 Isabella died, the throne of Castile passed to
Joanna, but Ferdinard ruled as regent in Castile
and as king in Aragón.
1516 Ferdinard died; Joanna’s son became king of
both Crowns.
Dynastic union confirmed
The Catholic
Monarchs: Dynastic
union
Isabella of Castile Ferdinard of Aragón

18. 4- What were the Spanish kingdoms?
How was divided the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th century?
Describe the Crown of Castile political evolution
Describe how the Trastámara dynasty reached the power in Aragón
Who are the Catholic Monarchs?
What happened in the following years?
-1469
-1477
-1479
-1504
-1516
What does dynastic union mean?

19. 5- How did the Catholic Monarchs rule?
Domestic
policies
Goal: Strengthen their power
Created the Holy Brotherhood
Reorganised and strengthened the
Royal Council
Appointed Corregidores
Strengthened the royal Treasury
CREated a permanent army
Against bandits and abuses of the
nobility
To take over the cities and establish the
royal authority in the towns.

20. 5- How did the Catholic Monarchs rule?
Territorial
expansion
1504
1512
1492 They conquered the Kingdom of Granada and annexed to Castile
The kingdom of Naples is annexed to Aragón
The kingdom of Navarre is annexed to Castile
They captured cities in North Africa (Melilla, Orán…) and the Canary Islands.

21. 5- How did the Catholic Monarchs rule?
Religious
unity
Goal: Religious unification for their Kingdoms
1478 They founded the Inquisition to prosecute heretics.
1492 Expulsion or forced conversion of the Jews
80000 people left The converts were persecuted by the Inquisition
1512 Conversion or expulsion of the Muslims
Muslims that converted became Moriscos

22. 5- How did the Catholic Monarchs rule?
Explain the Catholic Monarchs’ domestic policies.
Which territories conquered the Catholic Monarchs? When? To which crown
were annexed?
How did the Catholic Monarchs achieve the religious unity?
Activity 2 on page 80.

23. The reign of the Catholic Monarchs
Isabella the Catholic Queen
Ferdinard the Catholic King
Monarchs Period Territories
Domestic policy Foreign policy
Ends of the 15th c.;
beginning of the 16th c.
Crown of Castile; Crown of
Aragon; Kingdom of
Granada (1492); kingdom
of Naples (1504); kingdom
Of Navarre (1512); Canary
Islands, Melilla, Oran,
Bejaia, Algiers
Created the Holy Brotherhood; reorganised justice
and Royal Council; appointed corregidores;
strengthened the Treasury; created a permanent
army; founded the Inquisition; expulse the Jews
and Muslims.
Reinforced their power Conquered territories (Granada, Navarre,
Naples, cities in North Africa) and finance
voyages of exploration (Christopher
Columbus).
Establish marriage alliances with England,
HRE and Portugal