In this presentation, we will discuss production planning system, factors determining production control procedure, role of production planning and control in operations management, scope of production planning and control, its phases and principles. We will also talk about framework for strategy formulations and task control, PPC limitations, effectiveness, PPC in different systems, requirement of an effective PPC in a system and make or buy analysis.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
In this presentation, we will discuss production planning system, factors determining production control procedure, role of production planning and control in operations management, scope of production planning and control, its phases and principles. We will also talk about framework for strategy formulations and task control, PPC limitations, effectiveness, PPC in different systems, requirement of an effective PPC in a system and make or buy analysis.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Facility Layout
Introduction
Layout planning is determining the best physical arrangement of resources within a facility.
It may be defined as a technique of locating machines, processes and plant services within the factory so as to achieve the right quantity and quality of output at the lowest possible cost of manufacturing.
Objective of a good Layout
Provide enough production capacity.
Reduce material handling costs.
Reduce congestion that impedes the movement of people or material.
Reduce hazards to personnel.
Increase employee morale.
Reduce accidents.
Utilize available space effectively & efficiently.
Production and Operations Management
Product Vs Service
Concept of Production and OM
Functions /Scope of POM
Operation Strategy
Transformation Process
Product Design & Product Process
History of POM
Issues in POM
Production Planning and Control (Operations Management)Manu Alias
A presentation on operations management. The contents are, Production management and control - Meaning, Definition, functions, Objectives, Stages, Importance and limitations; Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Meaning, Objectives and fuctions.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
-Management function responsible for producing goods & services
-Objectives of production management
-Functions of production management
-Production system & models
Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. ... Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.
Facility Layout
Introduction
Layout planning is determining the best physical arrangement of resources within a facility.
It may be defined as a technique of locating machines, processes and plant services within the factory so as to achieve the right quantity and quality of output at the lowest possible cost of manufacturing.
Objective of a good Layout
Provide enough production capacity.
Reduce material handling costs.
Reduce congestion that impedes the movement of people or material.
Reduce hazards to personnel.
Increase employee morale.
Reduce accidents.
Utilize available space effectively & efficiently.
Production and Operations Management
Product Vs Service
Concept of Production and OM
Functions /Scope of POM
Operation Strategy
Transformation Process
Product Design & Product Process
History of POM
Issues in POM
Production Planning and Control (Operations Management)Manu Alias
A presentation on operations management. The contents are, Production management and control - Meaning, Definition, functions, Objectives, Stages, Importance and limitations; Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Meaning, Objectives and fuctions.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
-Management function responsible for producing goods & services
-Objectives of production management
-Functions of production management
-Production system & models
Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. ... Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities.
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
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2. Learning Objectives
Explain the strategic importance of product
and service design.
List some key reasons for design or
redesign.
Identify the main objectives of product and
service design.
Discuss the importance of standardization.
Discuss the importance of legal, ethical, and
environmental issues in product and service
design.
3. Learning Objectives
Briefly describe the phases in product design and
development.
Describe some of the main sources of design
ideas.
Name several key issues in manufacturing design.
Name several key issues in service design.
Name the phases in service design.
List the characteristics of well-designed service
systems.
Name some of the challenges of service design.
4. Major factors in design strategy
Cost
Quality
Time-to-market
Customer satisfaction
Competitive advantage
Product and Service Design
Product and service design – or redesign – should be
closely tied to an organization’s strategy
5. 1. Translate customer wants and needs
into product and service requirements
2. Refine existing products and services
3. Develop new products and services
4. Formulate quality goals
5. Formulate cost targets
6. Construct and test prototypes
7. Document specifications
Product or Service Design Activities
6. Reasons for Product or Service
Design
Economic
Social and demographic
Political, liability, or legal
Competitive
Cost or availability
Technological
7. Objectives of Product and
Service Design
Main focus
Customer satisfaction
Understand what the customer wants
Secondary focus
Function of product/service
Cost/profit
Quality
Appearance
Ease of production/assembly
Ease of maintenance/service
8. Taking into account the capabilities
of the organization in designing
goods and services.
Failure to take this into account
can:
Reduce productivity
Reduce quality
Increase costs
Designing For Operations
9. Legal
FDA, OSHA (occupational safety and health administration), IRS
Product liability
Uniform commercial code
Ethical
Releasing products with defects
Environmental
EPA
Legal, Ethical, and Environmental
Issues
10. Regulations & Legal Considerations
Product Liability - A manufacturer
is liable for any injuries or damages
caused by a faulty product.
Uniform Commercial Code -
Products carry an implication of
merchantability and fitness.
11. Designers Adhere to Guidelines
Produce designs that are consistent
with the goals of the company
Give customers the value they expect
Make health and safety a primary
concern
Consider potential harm to the
environment
12. Other Issues in Product and Service
Design
Product/service life cycles
How much standardization
Mass customization
Product/service reliability
Robust design
Degree of newness
Cultural differences
13. Standardization
Standardization
Extent to which there is an
absence of variety in a product,
service or process
Standardized products are
immediately available to
customers
14. Advantages of Standardization
Fewer parts to deal with in inventory &
manufacturing
Design costs are generally lower
Reduced training costs and time
More routine purchasing, handling, and
inspection procedures
Quality is more consistent
15. Advantages of Standardization
(Cont’d)
Orders fillable from inventory
Opportunities for long production
runs and automation
Need for fewer parts justifies
increased expenditures on
perfecting designs and improving
quality control procedures.
16. Disadvantages of Standardization
Designs may be frozen with too
many imperfections remaining.
High cost of design changes
increases resistance to
improvements.
Decreased variety results in less
consumer appeal.
17. • Mass customization:
A strategy of producing
standardized goods or services,
but incorporating some degree
of customization
Delayed differentiation
Modular design
Mass Customization
18. • Delayed differentiation is a
postponement tactic
Producing but not quite
completing a product or service
until customer preferences or
specifications are known
Delayed Differentiation
19. Modular Design
Modular design is a form of standardization in
which component parts are subdivided into
modules that are easily replaced or
interchanged. It allows:
easier diagnosis and remedy of failures
easier repair and replacement
simplification of manufacturing and
assembly
20. Reliability
Reliability: The ability of a product, part, or
system to perform its intended function under a
prescribed set of conditions
Failure: Situation in which a product, part, or
system does not perform as intended
Normal operating conditions: The set of
conditions under which an item’s reliability is
specified
24. Product Life Cycle Stages
There are five distinct product life cycle stages:
Product Development. When the company finds and
develops a new product idea, product development
starts. During product development, sales are zero,
and the company’s investment costs increase.
Introduction. Sales slowly grow as the product is
introduced in the market. Profits are still non-existent,
because the heavy expenses of the product
introduction overweigh sales.
4-24
25. Growth. The growth stage is a period of rapid
market acceptance and increasing profits.
Maturity. In the maturity stage, sales growth
slows down because the product has achieved
acceptance by most potential buyers. Profits
level off or decline because marketing outlays
need to be increased to defend the product
against competition.
Decline. Finally, sales fall off and profits drop.
4-25
27. Robust Design: Design
that results in products or
services that can function
over a broad range of
conditions
Robust Design
28. Taguchi Approach Robust Design
Systemized statistical approach to product and process
improvement developed by Dr. G. Taguchi
Approach emphasizes moving quality upstream to the
design phase
Based on the notion that minimizing variation is the
primary means of improving quality
Special attention is given to designing systems such that
their performance is insensitive to environmental changes
29. Global Product Design
Virtual teams
Uses combined efforts of a team of designers
working in different countries
Provides a range of comparative advantages
over traditional teams such as:
Engaging the best human resources around the world
Possibly operating on a 24-hr basis
Global customer needs assessment
Global design can increase marketability
30. Phases in Product Development
Process
1. Idea generation
2. Feasibility analysis
3. Product specifications
4. Process specifications
5. Prototype development
6. Design review
7. Market test
8. Product introduction
9. Follow-up evaluation
33. Research & Development (R&D)
Organized efforts to increase scientific
knowledge or product innovation & may
involve:
Basic Research advances knowledge about a
subject without near-term expectations of
commercial applications.
Applied Research achieves commercial
applications.
Development converts results of applied
research into commercial applications.
35. Designing for Manufacturing
Beyond the overall objective to achieve
customer satisfaction while making a
reasonable profit is:
Design for Manufacturing(DFM)
The designers’ consideration of the
organization’s manufacturing capabilities
when designing a product.
The more general term design for
operations encompasses services as well
as manufacturing
37. Computer-Aided Design
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is product
design using computer graphics.
increases productivity of designers, 3 to 10
times
creates a database for manufacturing
information on product specifications
provides possibility of engineering and cost
analysis on proposed designs
38. Design for manufacturing (DFM)
Design for assembly (DFA)
Design for recycling (DFR)
Remanufacturing
Design for disassembly (DFD)
Robust design
Product design
39. Recycling: recovering materials
for future use
Recycling reasons
Cost savings
Environment concerns
Environment regulations
Recycling
40. Remanufacturing
Remanufacturing: Refurbishing used
products by replacing worn-out or defective
components.
Remanufactured products can be sold for 50% of
the cost of a new producer
Remanufacturing can use unskilled labor
Some governments require manufacturers to
take back used products
Design for Disassembly (DFD): Designing
products so that they can be easily taken
apart.
41. Component Commonality
Multiple products or product families that
have a high degree of similarity can share
components
Automakers using internal parts
Engines and transmissions
Water pumps
Etc.
Other benefits
Reduced training for assemble and installation
Reduced repair time and costs
42. Quality Function Deployment
Voice of the customer
House of quality
Quality Function Deployment
QFD: An approach that integrates the “voice of the
customer” into the product and service development
process.
43. Service Design
Service is an act
Service delivery system
Facilities
Processes
Skills
Many services are bundled with products
44. Service Design
Service design involves
The physical resources needed
The goods that are purchased or consumed
by the customer
Explicit services
Implicit services
45. Service Design
Service
Something that is done to or for a customer
Service delivery system
The facilities, processes, and skills needed to
provide a service
Product bundle
The combination of goods and services
provided to a customer
Service package
The physical resources needed to perform
the service
46. Tangible – intangible
Services created and delivered at the same
time
Services cannot be inventoried
Services highly visible to customers
Services have low barrier to entry
Location important to service
Range of service systems
Demand variability
Differences Between Product
and Service Design
47. Service Systems
Service systems range from those with little
or no customer contact to very high degree
of customer contact such as:
Insulated technical core (software development)
Production line (automatic car wash)
Personalized service (hair cut, medical service)
Consumer participation (diet program)
Self service (supermarket)
48. Service Demand Variability
Demand variability creates waiting lines and
idle service resources
Service design perspectives:
Cost and efficiency perspective
Customer perspective
Customer participation makes quality and
demand variability hard to manage
Attempts to achieve high efficiency may
depersonalize service and change
customer’s perception of quality
49. Phases in Service Design
1.Conceptualize
2.Identify service package components
3.Determine performance specifications
4.Translate performance specifications
into design specifications
5.Translate design specifications into
delivery specifications
50. Service Blueprinting
Service blueprinting
A method used in service design to describe
and analyze a proposed service
A useful tool for conceptualizing a service
delivery system
51. Major Steps in Service Blueprinting
1.Establish boundaries
2.Identify sequence of customer
interactions
• Prepare a flowchart
3.Develop time estimates
4.Identify potential failure points
52. Characteristics of Well Designed
Service Systems
1. Consistent with the organization mission
2. User friendly
3. Robust
4. Easy to sustain
5. Cost effective
6. Value to customers
7. Effective linkages between back operations
8. Single unifying theme
9. Ensure reliability and high quality
53. Challenges of Service Design
1. Variable requirements
2. Difficult to describe
3. High customer contact
4. Service – customer
encounter
54. Guidelines for Successful Service Design
1. Define the service package
2. Focus on customer’s perspective
3. Consider image of the service package
4. Recognize that designer’s perspective is different
from the customer’s perspective
5. Make sure that managers are involved
6. Define quality for tangible and intangibles
7. Make sure that recruitment, training and rewards
are consistent with service expectations
8. Establish procedures to handle exceptions
9. Establish systems to monitor service
55. 1. Increase emphasis on component
commonality
2. Package products and services
3. Use multiple-use platforms
4. Consider tactics for mass
customization
5. Look for continual improvement
6. Shorten time to market
Operations Strategy
56. Shorten Time to Market
1.Use standardized
components
2.Use technology
3.Use concurrent
engineering