1. An undescended testicle is a testicle that fails to descend into the scrotum before birth. 2. While many undescended testicles will descend on their own in the first few months of life, surgery may be needed to relocate undescended testicles into the scrotum. 3. Risk factors for undescended testicles include prematurity, low birth weight, genetic conditions like Down syndrome, and hormonal abnormalities.

1. Presented by
Rajnee Shrestha
Lecturer of Bheri Nursing College
Nepalgunj; Nepal
UNDESCEANDED
TESTIS

2. • An undescended testicle (cryptorchidism) is a testicle that
hasn't moved into its proper position in scrotum before birth.
• In the majority of case the undescended testicle moves into
the proper position on its own within the first few months of
life.
•If an undescended testicle that doesn't correct itself surgery
can relocate the testicle into the scrotum.
Undescended Testicle

4. Prevalence
Very common in premature boys then full-term vhild.
The pathology is bilateral in about 20% of the cases.
 About 80% of undescended testes are palpable and 20% are
non-palpable
 Palpable undescended testes are located along the inguino-
scrotal region.

5. Testicular descent and maldescent
• The process of testicular descent has two distinct phases:
I) Transabdominal and II) Inguinal
• In both sexes the descent of the gonad depends on the
ligamentous gubernaculum.
• Between the 7th and 12th weeks (the intra-abdominal
phase) the extrainguinal portions of the gubernacula shorten
and in males, pull the testes down to the vicinity of the deep
inguinal ring.
• The testes remain in the vicinity of the deep ring from the 3rd
to the 7th month then enter in the inguinal canal in response
to shortening and migration of the gubernacula (the inguinal-
scrotal phase)
• The testes remain within the subserous fascia of the vaginal
process through which they descend toward the scrotum.

6. 4
• By the 9th month, just
before normal term
delivery, the testes have
completely entered the
scrotal sac and the
gubernaculum is reduced
to a small ligamentous.

7. RISK FACTORS
Prematurity
Low birth weight
Twin gestation
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Prenatal alcohol exposure
Hormonal abnormalities
Toxic exposures in the mother
Mother younger than 20
A family history of undescended testes

8. 1. Undescended testis : The testicle is located intra-
abdominally or in the inguinal canal.
2. Ektopia testis: The testicle is located beneath the skin
superfascially, perineally on the thigh or shaft of the penis.
3. Inguinal testicle: The testicle is palpable in the groin.
•Gliding testicle: The testicle is located at the scrotal
entrance or above the scrotum. It can be drawn down into the
scrotum, but immediately slides back into its initial position

9. 4. Retractile (hypermobile testes): Are descended testes that
easily move back and forth between the scrotum and the inguinal
canal. The testes retract as a reflex response to touch,
temperature, fear, or laughter. Such a response is common,
particularly in infants and children. The retractile (hypermobile)
testicle is particularly does not require treatment.

10. Sign and Symptoms
•Not seeing or feeling a testicle in the scrotum is the main sign of
an undescended testicle.
• The scrotum looks flat and smaller than expect it to be.
• In retractile testicle it may move up into groin and back down on
its own.

11. DIAGNOSTIC FINDING
•History taking
•Physical examination: full genital examination
•X-ray
•CT Scan
•MRI

12. TREATMENT
•The primary treatment is waitful watchingn due to the
like hood of self resolution
• Surgical treatment: Orchiopexy; surgically repositioning
the testes within the scrotal sac; surgery is performed
between the age of 6 to 18 months.