Vaccines based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have attracted worldwide attention as Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have been authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and similar agencies around the world. This is the first time an mRNA-based vaccine has been approved for use in healthy people, marking an important milestone in the achievements of science and public health.
mRNA vaccine is a novel vaccine technology, which delivers mRNA that encoding the antigen protein of pathogen to the cell, and expresses the antigen protein, and then stimulates the immune response of the body.
Creative Biolabs has developed non-replicating mRNA vaccine platform, mRNA vaccine platform, mRNA pharmacology optimization platform, and and Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine platform to spport your vaccine researches. If you need more information about mRNA vaccine, please follow us.
Developing vaccines against infectious and epidemic diseases with the aid of Bioinformatics is now possible, by predicting epitopes on an antigen and finding possible targets for the antibody to bind. A new era of vaccine production is just ahead of us.
Watch out the ppt to know more!!!
This slide tries to explain and introduce you to the mRNA Vaccine Technology, describes mRNA Vaccines, Mechanism , Delivery, some research and case study of pandemic and advantages disadvantages & application see for yourself in detail.
Peptide vaccine containing only epitopes capable of inducing positive, desirable T cell and B cell mediated immune response.
Peptides‖ used in these vaccines are 20–30 amino acid sequences that are synthesized to form an immunogenic peptide molecule representing the specific epitope of an antigen.
sufficient for activation of the appropriate cellular and humoral responses
Eliminating allergenic and/or reactogenic responses.
mRNA vaccine is a novel vaccine technology, which delivers mRNA that encoding the antigen protein of pathogen to the cell, and expresses the antigen protein, and then stimulates the immune response of the body.
Creative Biolabs has developed non-replicating mRNA vaccine platform, mRNA vaccine platform, mRNA pharmacology optimization platform, and and Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine platform to spport your vaccine researches. If you need more information about mRNA vaccine, please follow us.
Developing vaccines against infectious and epidemic diseases with the aid of Bioinformatics is now possible, by predicting epitopes on an antigen and finding possible targets for the antibody to bind. A new era of vaccine production is just ahead of us.
Watch out the ppt to know more!!!
This slide tries to explain and introduce you to the mRNA Vaccine Technology, describes mRNA Vaccines, Mechanism , Delivery, some research and case study of pandemic and advantages disadvantages & application see for yourself in detail.
Peptide vaccine containing only epitopes capable of inducing positive, desirable T cell and B cell mediated immune response.
Peptides‖ used in these vaccines are 20–30 amino acid sequences that are synthesized to form an immunogenic peptide molecule representing the specific epitope of an antigen.
sufficient for activation of the appropriate cellular and humoral responses
Eliminating allergenic and/or reactogenic responses.
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINED.R. Chandravanshi
What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain pathogen (a disease-causing organism, such as a virus, bacteria or parasite). The vaccine “teaches” the body how to defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune response.
1 Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals, vaccines are biologics since they are made from living organisms (biological sources).
2 Specifically, vaccines are preparations of components derived from (or related to) a pathogen; they can typically induce a protective effect through one to three very small doses, in the range of micrograms to milligrams.
3 Immunity lasts for an extended period, from one year up to lifetime protection, including prevention of disease and/or related sequelae.
Synthetic peptide vaccines represent fragments of protein antigen sequences, synthesizing specific B cell and T cell epitopes offer the potential to induce diseases neutralizing immuno response with completely synthetic structure. Now it is well established that short chain peptides can be used to mimic antigenic sites of viruses and thus can be used the basics for vaccines and development. therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize such peptides which act as the serrogate immuunogens, as an alternative to the existing conventional vaccines.
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
To synthesize a live attenuated vaccine, the disease-causing organism is grown under special laboratory conditions ,Vaccine production and purification
IntegrateRNA provides custom mRNA synthesis and modification service by in vitro transcription and chemical synthesis. https://integraterna.creative-biogene.com/service/mrna-services.html
mRNA vaccines against emerging infectious diseases; A challenging approach of...AI Publications
Basic human biology is dealt with by mRNA, which creates instructions for making proteins that may aid in the fight against infectious illnesses using our bodies' own mechanisms. mRNA therapies are neither tiny compounds nor huge biological such as recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. These are a series of instructions that assist our cells' machinery in producing proteins that protect us against a certain virus. Our bodies would be unable to perform their activities if mRNA was not introduced. mRNA, or messenger ribonucleic acid, is an important component of the living world, especially in the process of protein synthesis. mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that transmits genetic instructions from a cell's nucleus DNA to the ribosomes, which are the cell's protein-making machinery. The synthesis of an RNA copy from the coded sequence of DNA leads in the production of a particular protein. This copy of mRNA moves from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes reside. Ribosomes are a sort of sophisticated machinery organelle that aids and begins protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes ‘read' the mRNA sequence and follow the instructions, progressively adding on various needed amino acids to make the intended protein during the translation process. The protein is subsequently expressed by the cell, and it goes on to execute its role in the cell or in the body. The use of mRNA as a medication offers up a whole new universe of possibilities in terms of illness treatment and prevention. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of mRNA therapeutic delivery and the identification of appropriate antigens for mRNA target locations. Two major mRNA vaccines for protection against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been developed and approved for use in the general population by international health authorities. They've been demonstrated to defend against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is still active and evolving. This will draw attention to a variety of mRNA vaccines now being evaluated for infectious diseases in clinical studies. mRNA vaccines offer a number of advantages, including speedy design, fabrication, manufacturing, and administration, and they hold a lot of potential for future use against a wide range of diseases.
This slide provides a comprehensive overview of lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA Vaccine development, detailing the technological timeline, the 2023 Nobel Prize-winning science behind the vaccines, and the specifics of COVID-19 vaccine candidates BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. It also explores the advantages of liposomes in mRNA delivery, the intricate mechanisms of LNP-based vaccines, their therapeutic potential beyond COVID-19, and the rigorous development process. Creative Biolabs supports these innovations with specialized services and products, pushing the boundaries of medical science.
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINED.R. Chandravanshi
What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain pathogen (a disease-causing organism, such as a virus, bacteria or parasite). The vaccine “teaches” the body how to defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune response.
1 Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals, vaccines are biologics since they are made from living organisms (biological sources).
2 Specifically, vaccines are preparations of components derived from (or related to) a pathogen; they can typically induce a protective effect through one to three very small doses, in the range of micrograms to milligrams.
3 Immunity lasts for an extended period, from one year up to lifetime protection, including prevention of disease and/or related sequelae.
Synthetic peptide vaccines represent fragments of protein antigen sequences, synthesizing specific B cell and T cell epitopes offer the potential to induce diseases neutralizing immuno response with completely synthetic structure. Now it is well established that short chain peptides can be used to mimic antigenic sites of viruses and thus can be used the basics for vaccines and development. therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize such peptides which act as the serrogate immuunogens, as an alternative to the existing conventional vaccines.
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
To synthesize a live attenuated vaccine, the disease-causing organism is grown under special laboratory conditions ,Vaccine production and purification
IntegrateRNA provides custom mRNA synthesis and modification service by in vitro transcription and chemical synthesis. https://integraterna.creative-biogene.com/service/mrna-services.html
mRNA vaccines against emerging infectious diseases; A challenging approach of...AI Publications
Basic human biology is dealt with by mRNA, which creates instructions for making proteins that may aid in the fight against infectious illnesses using our bodies' own mechanisms. mRNA therapies are neither tiny compounds nor huge biological such as recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. These are a series of instructions that assist our cells' machinery in producing proteins that protect us against a certain virus. Our bodies would be unable to perform their activities if mRNA was not introduced. mRNA, or messenger ribonucleic acid, is an important component of the living world, especially in the process of protein synthesis. mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that transmits genetic instructions from a cell's nucleus DNA to the ribosomes, which are the cell's protein-making machinery. The synthesis of an RNA copy from the coded sequence of DNA leads in the production of a particular protein. This copy of mRNA moves from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes reside. Ribosomes are a sort of sophisticated machinery organelle that aids and begins protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes ‘read' the mRNA sequence and follow the instructions, progressively adding on various needed amino acids to make the intended protein during the translation process. The protein is subsequently expressed by the cell, and it goes on to execute its role in the cell or in the body. The use of mRNA as a medication offers up a whole new universe of possibilities in terms of illness treatment and prevention. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of mRNA therapeutic delivery and the identification of appropriate antigens for mRNA target locations. Two major mRNA vaccines for protection against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been developed and approved for use in the general population by international health authorities. They've been demonstrated to defend against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is still active and evolving. This will draw attention to a variety of mRNA vaccines now being evaluated for infectious diseases in clinical studies. mRNA vaccines offer a number of advantages, including speedy design, fabrication, manufacturing, and administration, and they hold a lot of potential for future use against a wide range of diseases.
This slide provides a comprehensive overview of lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA Vaccine development, detailing the technological timeline, the 2023 Nobel Prize-winning science behind the vaccines, and the specifics of COVID-19 vaccine candidates BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. It also explores the advantages of liposomes in mRNA delivery, the intricate mechanisms of LNP-based vaccines, their therapeutic potential beyond COVID-19, and the rigorous development process. Creative Biolabs supports these innovations with specialized services and products, pushing the boundaries of medical science.
Current situation of nanovaccines technology developmentDoriaFang
Rapid advances in nanotechnology over the past few decades have laid the foundation for the development of nanomedicine and vaccines. Compared with traditional vaccines, nanovaccines utilize a variety of nanoparticles and has significant advantages in delivery efficiency, dosage regimen, route of administration, adjuvant and vaccination effect. Currently, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles play a leading role in the clinical application of nanovaccine, indicating that the good biocompatibility and biosafety of nanomaterials are still indicators that cannot be ignored in the competition for next-generation nanovaccine.
Prospects And Future Trend of mRNA Therapeutics.pdfDoriaFang
The great success of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have revived interest in using mRNA to express therapeutic proteins. In addition to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, a series of clinical trials have begun using mRNA to express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to treat heart failure, and CRISPR-Cas9 mRNA to treat rare genetic diseases.
M Pharm Pharmacognosy Semester 2, MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT 1, Introduction to Plant biotechnology: Historical perspectives, prospects for development of plant biotechnology as a source of
medicinal agents. Applications in pharmacy and allied fields. Genetic and molecular biology as applied to pharmacognosy, study of DNA, RNA and protein replication, genetic code, regulation of gene expression, structure and complicity of
genome, cell signaling, DNA recombinant technology.
In recent years, the approval of nucleic acid therapeutics for listing has been accelerating. Numerous nucleic acid therapeutics that have the potential to become blockbuster drugs have released clinical data covering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, liver diseases, and a variety of rare diseases. Especially after the approval of the two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, nucleic acid therapeutics have received more and more attention from the world.
Unlocking the Potential of mRNA Vaccines and TherapeuticsMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3lNmkf7
The therapeutic potential of mRNA has been studied for decades and this exciting modality could potentially disrupt the biological market, in particular vaccine and novel therapies. This webinar will highlight the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
mRNA has emerged as a promising modality for a wide range of therapeutics and vaccines and could become the break-through technology of this century. mRNA-based platform technologies could enable a more rapid response to infectious diseases, outbreaks or pandemics and allow efficient gene replacements or cancer treatments. mRNA represents a safer alternative to DNA-based therapies and the technology has recently advanced to overcome stability and efficacy challenges. Because of that, the industrialization of this technology is just in its infancy stages and bottlenecks exist around scalability, purity, and delivery which are key to establish and deliver the promise of such platform. This webinar will shed light on the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• The potential behind using mRNA as a therapeutic and vaccine
• The mRNA production process
• The challenges around mRNA production
• The solutions and perspectives for a robust manufacturing process
• mRNA delivery systems and their manufacturing
This slide is about the basics of mRNA-based therapy. The content includes: definition of mRNA, timeline of mRNA therapeutics, action mechanism and development strategies of mRNA drugs, therapeutic mRNA applications, and the related services provided by Creative Biolabs.
Cyclic Peptides Current Status & Future Prospects.pdfDoriaFang
Researchers have made unremitting efforts to optimize peptides in order to improve the bioavailability of peptide drugs. Cyclization of peptides is one of the methods to optimize peptides. Cyclic peptides combine several favorable properties such as good binding affinity, target selectivity and low toxicity that make them an attractive modality for the development of therapeutics.
Antibody–Oligonucleotide Conjugates (AOCs) in Clinical Trials.pdfDoriaFang
Summary of Antibody–Oligonucleotide Conjugates(AOCs) in Clinical Trials, including products from Avidity Biosciences, Dyne Therapeutics, Tallac Therapeutics and Denali Therapeutics.
Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development Aducanumab, Lecanemab & Donanemab.pdfDoriaFang
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive and behavioral impairment. Here we introduce the development of AD drugs (Aducanumab, Lecanemab & Donanemab).
Summary of Targeted Protein Degradation in Clinical Trials.pdfDoriaFang
Summary of targeted protein degradation, such as PROTAC and molecular glues in clinical trials. PROTAC and molecular glues are the two main modes of TPD technology based on the UPS.
Cleavable Linkers Used In ADC Development.pdfDoriaFang
The linker used in ADC is divided into two types: cleavable linker and non-cleavable linker. This artile mainly introduced the cleavable linkers used in ADC development.
The Role of Four Lipid Components Of LNPs.pdfDoriaFang
LNP consists of four components: ionizable cationic lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and PEG lipids. Each component plays a key role in terms of LNP preparations.
Trophoblast Glycoprotein (TPGB5T4) A New Target For ADC Drugs.pdfDoriaFang
The more popular targets in ADC drugs include HER2, TROP2, EGFR, CLDN18.2, c-Met, CD19, PSMA, Muc1, BCMA and PDL1. Here we will introduce a new ADC target trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG).
Similar to HER2, Trop-2 is a new hot target for research. Trodelvy has been one of the products receiving much attention in recent years, and Dato-DXd from AstraZeneca/Daiichi Sankyo is also advancing rapidly.
DS-8201 (Enhertu) A Potential ADC Drug Targeting HER2.pdfDoriaFang
Enhertu (fam-Trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki) is a HER2-targeting ADC drug jointly developed by AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo, also known as DS-8201 or T-DXd.
List of New Anti-cancer Drugs Approved By FDA In The First Half of 2023.pdfDoriaFang
What are the new anti-cancer drugs approved in the first half of the year? The new drugs approved covered a variety of solid tumors and blood tumor types.
Summary of ADC Targets For Solid Tumors & Hematological Tumors.pdfDoriaFang
Currently, popular targets include CD family, BCMA, HER2, TROP2, Tissue factor, Nectin-4, FRα, EGFR, etc. Here, we briefly introduce ADC targets in solid tumors and hematological tumors.
New Oncology Trends ADCs, Bispecific Antibodies & CAR-T Cell.pdfDoriaFang
Scientists are turning their attention to more innovative therapeutic strategies, such as next-generation ADCs, bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cell therapies, etc. as cancer therapy.
Summary of Treatments for Multiple Myeloma.pdfDoriaFang
Currently, there are a variety of drugs available for multiple myeloma, including traditional cytotoxic drugs, immunomodulatory analogs, proteasome inhibitors, antibody-based drugs and CAR T-cell therapy.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
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[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
1. Biochempeg https://www.biochempeg.com
Understand the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine
Release date:2021/6/11 9:49:31
Vaccines based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have attracted worldwide attention as Pfizer
and Moderna vaccines have been authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) and similar agencies around the world. This is the first time an
mRNA-based vaccine has been approved for use in healthy people, marking an important
milestone in the achievements of science and public health.
The History of mRNA Vaccine
In 1944, Oswald Avery and his colleagues from the Rockefeller Institute proposed that
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the material basis of heredity. In 1953, James Watson and
Francis Crick codiscovered the double-helix structure of DNA, which formed the basis for
modern biotechnology. Since then, the study of heredity has deepened to the molecular
level.In 1961, in a laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, scientists
successfully extracted mRNA for the first time. After that, its function and biological
behavior were fully studied. The scientific community has discovered that there is a
"middleman" between DNA and protein, responsible for transmitting information, and
mRNA is this "middleman".
Messenger RNAs, also known as mRNA, are transcribed from a strand of DNA as a
template. They are a type of single-stranded RNA that carries genetic information and can
guide protein synthesis. Generally speaking, mRNA replicates the genetic information of a
strand of double-stranded DNA in the nucleus, and then leaves the nucleus to produce
proteins in the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, reads
its base sequence, and translates it into its corresponding amino acid, eventually forming
a protein.
2. Biochempeg https://www.biochempeg.com
In 1990, Dr. Wolff at the University of Wisconsin first reported that intramuscular injection
of mRNA into mouse skeletal muscle can express the corresponding protein and produce
an immune response. This reveals the possibility of mRNA technology for vaccine
research. Two years later, another researcher injected hormone-encoding mRNA directly
into the brain of mice, and found that it had the effect of alleviating diabetes insipidus,
indicating that mRNA has the potential to become a therapeutic drug. Although the initial
report was promising, it did not attract much attention from the pharmaceutical industry,
mainly because of concerns associated with the triggering of unwanted innate immune
response, and the instability of the mRNA product. After 15 years of hard work, in 2005,
Ph.D. Kariko and Weissman discovered an effective way to evade the innate immune
response by modifying mRNA nucleosides. This major breakthrough has completely
changed the pharmaceutical potential of mRNA therapy and has led to a large investment
in related research, leading to important discoveries in mRNA modification and purification
to reduce innate immune responses and improve mRNA stability.
mRNA Vaccine Principle and Advantages
The principle of the mRNA vaccine is to introduce the mRNA encoding disease-specific
antigens into the body, and use the protein synthesis mechanism of the host cell to
generate the antigens, thereby triggering the immune response and achieving the effect of
3. Biochempeg https://www.biochempeg.com
disease prevention. If the human body is compared to a machine, then millions of tiny
proteins are the parts that keep the machine running, and mRNA is the
commander-in-chief of making parts.
That is to say, after the mRNA sequence is injected into the human body, the process of
protein synthesis in vitro is skipped, and the pathogen immune epitope protein is directly
produced in human cells. The immune system conducted pre-war exercises to induce
recognition of viral proteins, thereby generating immune memories of specific pathogens.
When the real pathogen enters the human body, the immune cells are like a well-trained
soldier, quickly identifying the pathogen and launching a precise attack on it.
Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines have several advantages.
Firstly, vaccines based on mRNA can be quickly developed. They can be developed
within days or months based on the sequencing information from the target virus, while
traditional vaccines usually take years and require a deep understanding of the target
virus to make the vaccine effective and safe.
Secondly, these new vaccines can be rapidly produced. Due to the high yield of in vitro
transcription reaction, mRNA production can be fast, cheap and scalable.
Thirdly, vaccine risks are low. The mRNA does not contain infectious viral elements that
pose a risk to infection and insertional mutagenesis.
Delivery of mRNA-Vaccines - LNP Technology
Although mRNA vaccines have so many advantages in theory, why didn't any mRNA
vaccines come out until the outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic?
4. Biochempeg https://www.biochempeg.com
mRNA has a large molecular weight, strong hydrophilicity, and its biological activity is
thousands of times that of small-molecule drugs, so it is easier to produce. However, its
single-chain structure makes it extremely unstable and easily degraded. And it carries a
negative charge, so it is difficult to deliver it across the cell membrane, which is also
negatively charged on the surface.
Thus, intracellular delivery is essential to facilitate cellular uptake of mRNA and to protect
it from degradation.
Currently commonly used delivery technologies include electroporation, protamine,
cationic nanoemulsion, cationic polymer liposome, and so on. Electroporation is a
transfection in which mRNA molecules pass through a membrane gap formed by
high-voltage pulses and directly enter human cells. The other methods are to protect
mRNA molecules from extracellular degradation, or to promote the fusion of mRNA
molecules with cell membranes to improve transfection.
With the approval of two mRNA vaccines for the novel coronavirus, lipid nanoparticles
(LNPs) is undoubtedly the most popular delivery technology.
The LNP used in the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine now contains a variety of innovations
accumulated in the past three decades. Because mRNA is negatively charged, it will be
repelled by the same negatively charged cell membrane. Therefore, the researchers used
positively charged lipid molecules to help LNP enter the cell. However, the positively
charged lipid molecules are toxic to a certain extent, and excessive use may cause the
cell membrane to be destroyed, thereby killing healthy cells. In the early days,
nanoparticles or liposomes constructed with positively charged lipid molecules were often
discontinued due to toxic side effects.
5. Biochempeg https://www.biochempeg.com
Structure of Lipid Nanoparticles, Image source: reference [3]
A breakthrough of LNP technology is the use of ionizable lipids. Its polarity can change
with changes in pH. In a low pH environment, it carries a positive charge, which allows
them to form a complex with mRNA to stabilize the mRNA. However, at physiological pH,
it is neutral, which reduces its side effects.
On the periphery of the LNP, there are also PEGylated lipids that are modified by
polyethylene glycol, which is used for reducing particle sizes, preventing particle
aggregation, increasing circulation time, and reducing uptake by untargeted cells.
In addition, LNP also contains cholesterol and phospholipids to help form the complete
structure of LNP.
When LNP touches the cell membrane, it will be swallowed by the cell to form endosome
vesicles. Inside the cell, the pH of the endosome will decrease, causing the ionizable lipid
6. Biochempeg https://www.biochempeg.com
molecules to carry a positive charge, which will change the conformation of LNP and
promote the release of mRNA from the endosome. Then they can bind to the ribosomes
responsible for protein production and direct the synthesis of viral proteins.
The mRNA vaccine carried by LNP enters the cell and releases mRNA to guide protein
synthesis, Image source: reference [3]
Conclusion
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are indeed a milestone success for gene therapy and
prophylaxis, opening opportunities for a wide range of medical and clinical applications.
They can be expected to contribute enormously to both public health and curing a range
of severe diseases, including cancers and genetic disorders.
Biochempeg can produce and provide the following PEG products that can use
in COVID-19 vaccines.
7. Biochempeg https://www.biochempeg.com
1
mPEG-N,N-Ditetradecylacetamide
(ALC-0159)
CAS No.
1849616-42-7
2 mPEG-DMG
CAS NO.
160743-62-4
3 mPEG-CH2CH2CH2-NH2 ---
4 mPEG-OH
CAS NO.:
9004-74-4
5 mPEG-CM (mPEG-AA) ---
6 mPEG-DSPE
CAS NO.:
147867-65-0
7 mPEG-DPPE
CAS NO.:
205494-72-0
References:
[1] Thomas Kramps, Knut Elbers (ed.) RNA Vaccines(2017) Springer Science,New York
[2] Igor S Lukashevich, Haval Shirwan (ed.) Novel Technologies for Vaccine Development