Rapid advances in nanotechnology over the past few decades have laid the foundation for the development of nanomedicine and vaccines. Compared with traditional vaccines, nanovaccines utilize a variety of nanoparticles and has significant advantages in delivery efficiency, dosage regimen, route of administration, adjuvant and vaccination effect. Currently, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles play a leading role in the clinical application of nanovaccine, indicating that the good biocompatibility and biosafety of nanomaterials are still indicators that cannot be ignored in the competition for next-generation nanovaccine.
Application of m rna technology in cancer therapyDoriaFang
In the third quarter 2021 financial results, BioNTech not only introduced the latest progress in mRNA infectious disease vaccines, but also introduced the various applications of mRNA technology in the treatment of cancer, showing the broad prospects of mRNA technology.
IntegrateRNA provides custom mRNA synthesis and modification service by in vitro transcription and chemical synthesis. https://integraterna.creative-biogene.com/service/mrna-services.html
Immunotherapeutic drugs can be broadly classified into four types: checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. However, immunotherapeutic drugs still have some problems, such as off-target side effects and poor pharmacokinetics.
Oncolytic Virus Therapy Development - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
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Vaccines based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have attracted worldwide attention as Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have been authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and similar agencies around the world. This is the first time an mRNA-based vaccine has been approved for use in healthy people, marking an important milestone in the achievements of science and public health.
Application of m rna technology in cancer therapyDoriaFang
In the third quarter 2021 financial results, BioNTech not only introduced the latest progress in mRNA infectious disease vaccines, but also introduced the various applications of mRNA technology in the treatment of cancer, showing the broad prospects of mRNA technology.
IntegrateRNA provides custom mRNA synthesis and modification service by in vitro transcription and chemical synthesis. https://integraterna.creative-biogene.com/service/mrna-services.html
Immunotherapeutic drugs can be broadly classified into four types: checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. However, immunotherapeutic drugs still have some problems, such as off-target side effects and poor pharmacokinetics.
Oncolytic Virus Therapy Development - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Oncolytic virotherapy is cancer treatment using a native or reprogrammed virus that has the potential to targeting and killing cancerous cell. Taking advantage of the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides customized, standardized, and reliable and high-quality oncolytic virus therapy development services for clients globally.
Vaccines based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have attracted worldwide attention as Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have been authorized for emergency use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and similar agencies around the world. This is the first time an mRNA-based vaccine has been approved for use in healthy people, marking an important milestone in the achievements of science and public health.
Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Cancer vaccines are designed to stimulate anti-tumor immunity through active immunization with tumor antigens and has long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer immunotherapy. Today we will go through the history, formulations, mechanisms of action, and clinical status of cancer vaccines. Creative Biolabs has been effectively supporting the cancer vaccine industry with our one-stop solutions for cancer vaccine discovery and development. We will accommodate the specific properties and clinical purpose of your vaccine candidate, and take careful scientific considerations to ensure the most appropriate solutions to develop your projects.
Unlocking the Potential of mRNA Vaccines and TherapeuticsMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3lNmkf7
The therapeutic potential of mRNA has been studied for decades and this exciting modality could potentially disrupt the biological market, in particular vaccine and novel therapies. This webinar will highlight the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
mRNA has emerged as a promising modality for a wide range of therapeutics and vaccines and could become the break-through technology of this century. mRNA-based platform technologies could enable a more rapid response to infectious diseases, outbreaks or pandemics and allow efficient gene replacements or cancer treatments. mRNA represents a safer alternative to DNA-based therapies and the technology has recently advanced to overcome stability and efficacy challenges. Because of that, the industrialization of this technology is just in its infancy stages and bottlenecks exist around scalability, purity, and delivery which are key to establish and deliver the promise of such platform. This webinar will shed light on the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• The potential behind using mRNA as a therapeutic and vaccine
• The mRNA production process
• The challenges around mRNA production
• The solutions and perspectives for a robust manufacturing process
• mRNA delivery systems and their manufacturing
Platform Technologies to Accelerate Novel Vaccine Development and ManufacturingMilliporeSigma
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3jmLYHu
State-of-the-art vaccine technologies are transforming vaccine development, and solutions for fast and reliable production are needed.
The vaccine industry has undergone a revolution in technology resulting in a variety of novel therapeutic platforms that accelerate development and significantly reduce the duration for process optimization and scale-up. However, challenges in maintaining efficacy and improving process robustness remain. In this presentation, we present a comparison of these novel technologies, discuss key considerations for manufacturing and share selected case studies for platforms such as virus-like-particles, viral vectors, plasmid DNA, and mRNA platform.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• Benefits of platform technologies in vaccine development
• Key considerations when deciding between platforms
• Vaccine pipeline analysis and selected case studies
Presented by:
David Loong, Ph.D, Senior Consultant, Novel Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
Josephine Cheng, Senior Consultant, Core Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
Platform Technologies to Accelerate Novel Vaccine Development and ManufacturingMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3jmLYHu
State-of-the-art vaccine technologies are transforming vaccine development, and solutions for fast and reliable production are needed.
The vaccine industry has undergone a revolution in technology resulting in a variety of novel therapeutic platforms that accelerate development and significantly reduce the duration for process optimization and scale-up. However, challenges in maintaining efficacy and improving process robustness remain. In this presentation, we present a comparison of these novel technologies, discuss key considerations for manufacturing and share selected case studies for platforms such as virus-like-particles, viral vectors, plasmid DNA, and mRNA platform.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• Benefits of platform technologies in vaccine development
• Key considerations when deciding between platforms
• Vaccine pipeline analysis and selected case studies
Presented by:
David Loong, Ph.D, Senior Consultant, Novel Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
Josephine Cheng, Senior Consultant, Core Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
mRNA vaccines against emerging infectious diseases; A challenging approach of...AI Publications
Basic human biology is dealt with by mRNA, which creates instructions for making proteins that may aid in the fight against infectious illnesses using our bodies' own mechanisms. mRNA therapies are neither tiny compounds nor huge biological such as recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. These are a series of instructions that assist our cells' machinery in producing proteins that protect us against a certain virus. Our bodies would be unable to perform their activities if mRNA was not introduced. mRNA, or messenger ribonucleic acid, is an important component of the living world, especially in the process of protein synthesis. mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that transmits genetic instructions from a cell's nucleus DNA to the ribosomes, which are the cell's protein-making machinery. The synthesis of an RNA copy from the coded sequence of DNA leads in the production of a particular protein. This copy of mRNA moves from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes reside. Ribosomes are a sort of sophisticated machinery organelle that aids and begins protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes ‘read' the mRNA sequence and follow the instructions, progressively adding on various needed amino acids to make the intended protein during the translation process. The protein is subsequently expressed by the cell, and it goes on to execute its role in the cell or in the body. The use of mRNA as a medication offers up a whole new universe of possibilities in terms of illness treatment and prevention. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of mRNA therapeutic delivery and the identification of appropriate antigens for mRNA target locations. Two major mRNA vaccines for protection against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been developed and approved for use in the general population by international health authorities. They've been demonstrated to defend against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is still active and evolving. This will draw attention to a variety of mRNA vaccines now being evaluated for infectious diseases in clinical studies. mRNA vaccines offer a number of advantages, including speedy design, fabrication, manufacturing, and administration, and they hold a lot of potential for future use against a wide range of diseases.
Global cancer immunotherapy market outlook 2020KuicK Research
"Global Cancer Immunotherapy Market Outlook 2020" Report Highlight:
Introduction & Classification of Cancer Immunotherapy
Global Cancer Immunotherapy Pipeline by Company, Indication & Phase
Marketed Cancer Immunotherapies Clinical Insight & Patent Analysis by Company & Indication
Global Cancer Immunotherapy Pipeline: 1834 Drugs
Marketed Cancer Immunotherapies: 113 Drugs
Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies Pipeline: 622 Cancer mAb
Cancer Vaccines Pipeline: 312 Vaccines
Marketed Cancer mAb: 36 mAb
Marketed Cancer Vaccines: 12 Vaccines
This presentation talks about vaccines, currently being used in medicinal processes and therapeutics and their types. It elaborates the importance of the different types of vaccines along with their examples and their mechanism of action. The mode of production of all the types of vaccines is also discussed in the presentation including recent developments made for the production of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
microbes in targeted delivery application
About vaccines…
Mechanism of uptake and transport of antigens…
Delivery systems used to promote uptake…
Lipid carrier systems
Oral immunization
Controlled release micro particles for vaccine development
Single dose vaccine delivery systems using biodegradable polymers..
Peptide based and nucleic acid based vaccines
A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response.
DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells directly produce the antigen, thus causing a protective immunological response.
Cyclic Peptides Current Status & Future Prospects.pdfDoriaFang
Researchers have made unremitting efforts to optimize peptides in order to improve the bioavailability of peptide drugs. Cyclization of peptides is one of the methods to optimize peptides. Cyclic peptides combine several favorable properties such as good binding affinity, target selectivity and low toxicity that make them an attractive modality for the development of therapeutics.
Antibody–Oligonucleotide Conjugates (AOCs) in Clinical Trials.pdfDoriaFang
Summary of Antibody–Oligonucleotide Conjugates(AOCs) in Clinical Trials, including products from Avidity Biosciences, Dyne Therapeutics, Tallac Therapeutics and Denali Therapeutics.
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Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Cancer vaccines are designed to stimulate anti-tumor immunity through active immunization with tumor antigens and has long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer immunotherapy. Today we will go through the history, formulations, mechanisms of action, and clinical status of cancer vaccines. Creative Biolabs has been effectively supporting the cancer vaccine industry with our one-stop solutions for cancer vaccine discovery and development. We will accommodate the specific properties and clinical purpose of your vaccine candidate, and take careful scientific considerations to ensure the most appropriate solutions to develop your projects.
Unlocking the Potential of mRNA Vaccines and TherapeuticsMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3lNmkf7
The therapeutic potential of mRNA has been studied for decades and this exciting modality could potentially disrupt the biological market, in particular vaccine and novel therapies. This webinar will highlight the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
mRNA has emerged as a promising modality for a wide range of therapeutics and vaccines and could become the break-through technology of this century. mRNA-based platform technologies could enable a more rapid response to infectious diseases, outbreaks or pandemics and allow efficient gene replacements or cancer treatments. mRNA represents a safer alternative to DNA-based therapies and the technology has recently advanced to overcome stability and efficacy challenges. Because of that, the industrialization of this technology is just in its infancy stages and bottlenecks exist around scalability, purity, and delivery which are key to establish and deliver the promise of such platform. This webinar will shed light on the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• The potential behind using mRNA as a therapeutic and vaccine
• The mRNA production process
• The challenges around mRNA production
• The solutions and perspectives for a robust manufacturing process
• mRNA delivery systems and their manufacturing
Platform Technologies to Accelerate Novel Vaccine Development and ManufacturingMilliporeSigma
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3jmLYHu
State-of-the-art vaccine technologies are transforming vaccine development, and solutions for fast and reliable production are needed.
The vaccine industry has undergone a revolution in technology resulting in a variety of novel therapeutic platforms that accelerate development and significantly reduce the duration for process optimization and scale-up. However, challenges in maintaining efficacy and improving process robustness remain. In this presentation, we present a comparison of these novel technologies, discuss key considerations for manufacturing and share selected case studies for platforms such as virus-like-particles, viral vectors, plasmid DNA, and mRNA platform.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• Benefits of platform technologies in vaccine development
• Key considerations when deciding between platforms
• Vaccine pipeline analysis and selected case studies
Presented by:
David Loong, Ph.D, Senior Consultant, Novel Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
Josephine Cheng, Senior Consultant, Core Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
Platform Technologies to Accelerate Novel Vaccine Development and ManufacturingMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3jmLYHu
State-of-the-art vaccine technologies are transforming vaccine development, and solutions for fast and reliable production are needed.
The vaccine industry has undergone a revolution in technology resulting in a variety of novel therapeutic platforms that accelerate development and significantly reduce the duration for process optimization and scale-up. However, challenges in maintaining efficacy and improving process robustness remain. In this presentation, we present a comparison of these novel technologies, discuss key considerations for manufacturing and share selected case studies for platforms such as virus-like-particles, viral vectors, plasmid DNA, and mRNA platform.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• Benefits of platform technologies in vaccine development
• Key considerations when deciding between platforms
• Vaccine pipeline analysis and selected case studies
Presented by:
David Loong, Ph.D, Senior Consultant, Novel Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
Josephine Cheng, Senior Consultant, Core Modalities Asia Pacific, Bioprocessing Strategy
mRNA vaccines against emerging infectious diseases; A challenging approach of...AI Publications
Basic human biology is dealt with by mRNA, which creates instructions for making proteins that may aid in the fight against infectious illnesses using our bodies' own mechanisms. mRNA therapies are neither tiny compounds nor huge biological such as recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. These are a series of instructions that assist our cells' machinery in producing proteins that protect us against a certain virus. Our bodies would be unable to perform their activities if mRNA was not introduced. mRNA, or messenger ribonucleic acid, is an important component of the living world, especially in the process of protein synthesis. mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that transmits genetic instructions from a cell's nucleus DNA to the ribosomes, which are the cell's protein-making machinery. The synthesis of an RNA copy from the coded sequence of DNA leads in the production of a particular protein. This copy of mRNA moves from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes reside. Ribosomes are a sort of sophisticated machinery organelle that aids and begins protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes ‘read' the mRNA sequence and follow the instructions, progressively adding on various needed amino acids to make the intended protein during the translation process. The protein is subsequently expressed by the cell, and it goes on to execute its role in the cell or in the body. The use of mRNA as a medication offers up a whole new universe of possibilities in terms of illness treatment and prevention. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of mRNA therapeutic delivery and the identification of appropriate antigens for mRNA target locations. Two major mRNA vaccines for protection against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been developed and approved for use in the general population by international health authorities. They've been demonstrated to defend against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is still active and evolving. This will draw attention to a variety of mRNA vaccines now being evaluated for infectious diseases in clinical studies. mRNA vaccines offer a number of advantages, including speedy design, fabrication, manufacturing, and administration, and they hold a lot of potential for future use against a wide range of diseases.
Global cancer immunotherapy market outlook 2020KuicK Research
"Global Cancer Immunotherapy Market Outlook 2020" Report Highlight:
Introduction & Classification of Cancer Immunotherapy
Global Cancer Immunotherapy Pipeline by Company, Indication & Phase
Marketed Cancer Immunotherapies Clinical Insight & Patent Analysis by Company & Indication
Global Cancer Immunotherapy Pipeline: 1834 Drugs
Marketed Cancer Immunotherapies: 113 Drugs
Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies Pipeline: 622 Cancer mAb
Cancer Vaccines Pipeline: 312 Vaccines
Marketed Cancer mAb: 36 mAb
Marketed Cancer Vaccines: 12 Vaccines
This presentation talks about vaccines, currently being used in medicinal processes and therapeutics and their types. It elaborates the importance of the different types of vaccines along with their examples and their mechanism of action. The mode of production of all the types of vaccines is also discussed in the presentation including recent developments made for the production of mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2
microbes in targeted delivery application
About vaccines…
Mechanism of uptake and transport of antigens…
Delivery systems used to promote uptake…
Lipid carrier systems
Oral immunization
Controlled release micro particles for vaccine development
Single dose vaccine delivery systems using biodegradable polymers..
Peptide based and nucleic acid based vaccines
A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response.
DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells directly produce the antigen, thus causing a protective immunological response.
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Researchers have made unremitting efforts to optimize peptides in order to improve the bioavailability of peptide drugs. Cyclization of peptides is one of the methods to optimize peptides. Cyclic peptides combine several favorable properties such as good binding affinity, target selectivity and low toxicity that make them an attractive modality for the development of therapeutics.
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Current situation of nanovaccines technology development
1. Biopharma PEG https://www.biochempeg.com
Current Situation of Nanovaccines Technology
Development
Looking back at the history of human development, vaccines are an unprecedented
medical milestone that has saved countless lives by harnessing the human immune
system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination remains the most effective
defense. The success of the lipid nanoparticles COVID-19 mRNA vaccine provides a
broad prospect for the application of nanotechnology in vaccine development.
Compared with traditional vaccines, nanovaccines have advantages in lymph node
accumulation, antigen assembly and antigen presentation. They also have unique
pathogen biomimetic properties due to the ordered combination of multiple immune
factors. In addition to infectious diseases, nanovaccines technology also shows great
potential for treating cancer. The ultimate goal of cancer vaccines is to fully mobilize the
potency of the immune system to recognize tumor antigens and eliminate tumor cells,
and nanotechnology has the properties necessary to achieve this goal. As one of the
cancer immunotherapy candidates with customizable components and orderly integration,
nanovaccine technology will likely become a strategy and platform for more effective
activation of antitumor immunity.
Types of Nanomaterial-Based Vaccines
In recent years, various nanomaterials have been explored for vaccine development,
including lipid nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles,
inorganic nanocarriers and biomimetic nanoparticles. Different types
of nanocarriers have different physicochemical characteristics and behaviors in vivo,
thus affecting vaccination.
2. Biopharma PEG https://www.biochempeg.com
Self-assembled protein nanoparticles
Natural nanomaterials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Several types of
protein nanoparticles made from naturally sourced proteins have been used to deliver
antigens. Self-assembled protein nanoparticles are promising candidate materials
for nanovaccines. Typical examples of self-assembled protein nanoparticles include the
ferritin family of proteins, pyruvate dehydrogenase (E2), and virus-like particles (VLP),
which have shown great potential in the development of nanovaccines.
Polymer nanoparticles
Polymer nanoparticles are colloidal systems with a wide size range (10 --
1000nm). Polymer nanoparticles have high immunogenicity and stability and can
effectively encapsulate and display antigens. Polymer nanoparticles can improve the
efficiency of APC antigen uptake by phagocytosis or endocytosis. Both natural
3. Biopharma PEG https://www.biochempeg.com
polymer nanomaterials (e.g., chitosan and dextran) and synthetic polymer nanomaterials
(e.g., PLA and PLGA) are useful tools for nano-vaccine development.
Lipid nanoparticles
Lipid nanoparticles are nanoscale lipid vesicles formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic
phospholipid molecules. LNPs is a promising nucleic acid delivery nanocarrier with
low toxicity, high biocompatibility and controlled release properties.
LNP is also an important component of mRNA drugs and vaccines. LNP has controllable
size, shape and charge, which are important properties that may affect immune
activation. Modified LNPs can achieve optimal immune response. As nanovaccines,
LNPs can deliver multiple antigens and adjuvants together. In addition, the membrane
surface of LNPs can display antigens, enhancing the expression of natural
conformation.
LNPs have shown great potential for nanovaccines development in many
preclinical and clinical applications. In addition to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines,
there are many other LNP-mRNA vaccines in clinical trials for the prevention and
treatment of major human health threats, including viral infections, cancer and genetic
diseases.
Inorganic Nanomaterials
Inorganic materials commonly used in nanomedicine include metals and oxides,
non-metal oxides and inorganic salts. Inorganic materials have low biodegradability and
stable structure. Many inorganic nano-preparations have inherent adjuvant activity.
However, for the application of nanovaccines, the physicochemical properties of inorganic
nanomaterials need to be modified to improve their biocompatibility. The most widely used
inorganic materials for antigen delivery include gold, iron and silica nanoparticles.
4. Biopharma PEG https://www.biochempeg.com
Dosing strategies for nanovaccines
Currently, most vaccines use the parenteral route, which is invasive and has limited
compliance. The development of nanomedicine offers a variety of options for
vaccine routes, including postoperative, intradermal/subcutaneous, intranasal, inhaled
and oral administration, for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer.
Postoperative medication
Currently, surgery remains the primary treatment option for solid tumors. However, tumor
recurrence remains a challenge, and nanomedicine strategies for drug delivery and
immunotherapy after tumor surgery are emerging.
For example, in order to improve the efficiency of postoperative T cell immunity, a
hydrogel of thermoresponsive curcumin-loaded polymer nanoparticles assembled with
antigenic peptides and CpG ODNs was developed. This strategy can induce ICD, thereby
enhancing antitumor immunity. This immunotherapy strategy promoted CTL infiltration
and suppressed local recurrence and lung metastasis. In another study, an implantable
3D porous scaffold was designed to deplete myeloid-derived suppressor cells and
presented whole tumor lysates with a nanogel-based adjuvant to promote CTLs. This
immune niche strategy modulates the immunosuppressive environment and can prevent
postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis.
Intradermal/subcutaneous administration
Intradermal/subcutaneous injection is a common immune route for DNA vaccines. Both
the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin contain resident APCs that are immune
targets. Since the skin is painless, intradermal/subcutaneous injection has been
widely used for vaccination.
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In recent years, this drug delivery strategy has also been used in anti-cancer therapy.
Subcutaneous immunization with VLPs that bind human EGFR 2 epitopes has been
reported to induce elevated titers of specific antibodies against HER2-positive
malignancies. Furthermore, multifunctional microneedle systems for tumor and infectious
disease vaccination have also been explored. In addition, transdermal vaccines can be
used for topical and intratumoral anti-melanoma immunotherapy.
Intranasal administration
Intranasal administration is an important way to treat respiratory infectious diseases.
Intranasal immunization via nanovaccines is expected to prevent disease by primarily
affecting the infected respiratory tract, such as tuberculosis, and could be used in cancer
treatment.
For intranasal cancer nanovaccine delivery, a recent study developed a self-assembled
nanovaccine loaded with multiple OVA peptide antigens. The nanovaccines are
administered intranasally with extended residence time and improved antigen uptake
efficiency, thereby enhancing antigen-specific immune responses.
Inhalation administration
Inhalation administration is also a promising route of vaccination for pulmonary infectious
diseases such as tuberculosis. Synthetic nanoparticles are effective tools for inhaled
formulations. Polymer nanocapsules with oil cores and polymer shells have been
developed for pulmonary delivery of imiquimod, TLR-7 agonists, and fusion antigen
proteins. Vaccination of such polymer nanocapsules induced a strong immune response.
In addition, inhalation administration can also be used for cancer nanovaccines, such as
lung metastases.
Oral administration
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Oral administration is a non-invasive route with good compliance. Oral vaccines are the
best option for administration, immunization, safety, and storage.
Some nanocarriers have been developed into oral TB vaccines. DNA vaccines coated
with liposomes induce an effective immune response against TB. VLP can also be
used to carry HIV envelope cDNA to enhance stability in the gastric environment. This
strategy results in higher concentrations of intestinal antigens after oral administration.
Oral administration strategies can also be used for cancer vaccines. Nanoemulsions
have been reported to have high encapsulation capacity and can jointly deliver melanoma
antigen, heat shock protein and staphylococcal toxin A. This oral administration strategy
showed an immune response comparable to subcutaneous immunization.
Clinical application of nanovaccines
technology
Nanovaccines have been developed to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer
and multiple infectious diseases such as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis (TB). There
are a number of nanovaccines currently in clinical stage.
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Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases
There are some similarities in the development of vaccines for infectious diseases.
Antigen delivery remains the key to vaccination, and self-assembled protein nanoparticles
are an effective means of antigen delivery. RTS,S, the first and currently only malaria
vaccine on the market, uses VLP to deliver antigens. In addition, VLP has also been
tested to demonstrate HIV envelope proteins, such as the V1V2 ring, and can produce
specific IgG in mice.
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Polymer nanomaterials have attracted wide attention as vaccine platforms due to their
feasibility of synthesis, low immunogenicity and high biodegradability. Inorganic and
biomimetic nanoparticles are also effective platforms for developing anti-infection
nanovaccines.
Inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis
Various nanomaterials have been explored as effective tumor vaccine delivery platforms.
VLPs has been used directly for the delivery of tumor-associated antigens and VLPs
vaccines can be used in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
In order to fully stimulate the anti-tumor immune response, nanodisks simulating
HIGH-DENSITY lipoprotein were designed to deliver antigens and adjuvants to lymphatic
organs. Nanodisk therapy showed a significant increase in the frequency of neoantigen
specific CTL and tumor elimination in combined immune checkpoint blocking therapy.
Traditional LNPs are also efficient platforms for delivering tumor vaccines. In a recent
study, mRNAs encoding tumor antigens were incorporated into cationic C1 LNPs with
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adjuvant properties for efficient delivery and presentation to dendritic cells. The c1 mRNA
nanovaccine has significant preventive and therapeutic effects on tumors.
Conclusion
Rapid advances in nanotechnology over the past few decades have laid the foundation
for the development of nanomedicine and vaccines. Compared with traditional vaccines,
nanovaccines utilize a variety of nanoparticles and has significant advantages in delivery
efficiency, dosage regimen, route of administration, adjuvant and vaccination effect.
Currently, liposomes and lipid nanoparticles play a leading role in the clinical application of
nanovaccine, indicating that the good biocompatibility and biosafety of nanomaterials are
still indicators that cannot be ignored in the competition for next-generation nanovaccine.
Looking at vaccine nanotechnology currently under clinical development, mRNA-based
nanovaccines hold great promise in cancer treatment and infectious disease prevention.
As a reliable PEG supplier, Biopharma PEG has been focusing on the development of a
full range of medical applications and technologies for nanocarrier systems, including
various types of nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, etc. We also provide PEG products
that can use in COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
Reference:
1. Emerging vaccine nanotechnology: Fromdefense against infection to sniping cancer. Acta Pharm Sin
B. 2022 Jan 4
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[2] Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug and Vaccine Delivery
[3] Overview of mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle COVID-19 Vaccines
[4] Current Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Cancer