The document provides an overview of 3G mobile technologies including their standards, evolution from 2G technologies, and key services and applications enabled. It discusses the main 3G standards including WCDMA/UMTS used in Europe and CDMA2000 used in other areas. It describes how technologies like GPRS, EDGE, and CDMA2000 1xRTT served as stepping stones to 3G and the infrastructure changes required. Higher bandwidth of 3G allows video streaming, video calls, and mobile broadband access for consumers and businesses.
3G technologies such as WCDMA and CDMA2000 provide higher bandwidth and enable new applications like video streaming, video calls, and location services for consumers. They also enable new business applications like video conferencing and real-time financial information. Major 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and UMTS, which aim to harmonize global 3G systems. These technologies require new network infrastructure and mobile devices to work.
The JAVAD High Speed Radio (HSR) utilizes software-defined radio architecture and advanced modulation techniques to provide high-speed point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless data transfer of up to 7.1 Mbps over distances of up to 2 miles. It implements advanced OFDM and error correction to achieve high data rates and reliability. The HSR supports half-duplex TDD mode for bidirectional communication and includes features such as data scrambling and power control.
This document provides an overview of 3G technology, including:
- The development of 3G standards including WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA to meet demands for high-speed data and multimedia services.
- Key aspects of 3G including universal frequency bands, high spectral efficiency, quality of service, and support for data rates up to 2Mbps.
- An overview of the WCDMA system architecture including its radio access network components like Node B and RNC, and core network evolution from R99 to R5 specifications.
This document provides an overview of 3G basics and CDMA mobile technology. It discusses the goals of 3G including high data rates up to 2Mbps for limited and full mobility. Standards for 3G include UMTS FDD, UMTS TDD, CDMA2000, and EDGE. CDMA uses spreading codes to separate channels on the same frequency band, providing processing gain over noise. In cellular systems, multipath propagation reduces orthogonality of channels from the same transmitter.
3G UMTS is a 3rd generation mobile network standard that aims to provide improved voice quality, higher data speeds, and more capacity compared to previous 2G standards. It utilizes W-CDMA technology along with a packet-switched core network to support data rates up to 2Mbps. Key aspects of 3G UMTS include soft handovers between base stations, advanced cellular planning to optimize coverage and capacity, and global roaming capabilities. While offering benefits over 2G, 3G also presented challenges such as high infrastructure costs and lack of adoption from some existing mobile users.
EDGE is an upgrade to GSM networks that allows higher data transmission speeds of up to 473 kbps. It uses more advanced modulation techniques like 8-PSK compared to GSM's GMSK, allowing more bits to be transmitted per symbol. EDGE is backwards compatible with GPRS networks and provides benefits like increased network capacity and data rates. Future evolutions of EDGE, such as EDGE Evolution, aim to achieve speeds up to 1 Mbps through techniques like dual antennas, advanced QAM modulation, and additional coding schemes. EDGE allows GSM networks to provide multimedia services at a lower cost than upgrading to 3G networks.
This document provides an overview of UMTS traffic management and mobility management. It describes the UMTS network architecture including nodes like the RNC, SGSN, GGSN and core network elements. It explains concepts like bearers, radio access bearers (RABs), and radio resource connections (RRC). Mobility management procedures are outlined including location registration, location updating, routing area updates, paging, and roaming between home and visitor networks. Databases like the HLR that store subscriber information and support mobility functions are also detailed.
This document provides an overview of the ZXC10-BSS (Base Station Subsystem), which is the core part of a CDMA2000 digital cellular communication system developed according to IS-2000 standards. It describes the key components and network structure of the ZXC10-BSS, including the BSC (Base Station Controller) and BTS (Base Transceiver Station). It also outlines the features and technical performance of the ZXC10-BSS system, such as its use of advanced packet switching technology, support for high-speed packet data services, and ability to support up to 380 BTSs and 5040 Erl of traffic processing.
3G technologies such as WCDMA and CDMA2000 provide higher bandwidth and enable new applications like video streaming, video calls, and location services for consumers. They also enable new business applications like video conferencing and real-time financial information. Major 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and UMTS, which aim to harmonize global 3G systems. These technologies require new network infrastructure and mobile devices to work.
The JAVAD High Speed Radio (HSR) utilizes software-defined radio architecture and advanced modulation techniques to provide high-speed point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless data transfer of up to 7.1 Mbps over distances of up to 2 miles. It implements advanced OFDM and error correction to achieve high data rates and reliability. The HSR supports half-duplex TDD mode for bidirectional communication and includes features such as data scrambling and power control.
This document provides an overview of 3G technology, including:
- The development of 3G standards including WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA to meet demands for high-speed data and multimedia services.
- Key aspects of 3G including universal frequency bands, high spectral efficiency, quality of service, and support for data rates up to 2Mbps.
- An overview of the WCDMA system architecture including its radio access network components like Node B and RNC, and core network evolution from R99 to R5 specifications.
This document provides an overview of 3G basics and CDMA mobile technology. It discusses the goals of 3G including high data rates up to 2Mbps for limited and full mobility. Standards for 3G include UMTS FDD, UMTS TDD, CDMA2000, and EDGE. CDMA uses spreading codes to separate channels on the same frequency band, providing processing gain over noise. In cellular systems, multipath propagation reduces orthogonality of channels from the same transmitter.
3G UMTS is a 3rd generation mobile network standard that aims to provide improved voice quality, higher data speeds, and more capacity compared to previous 2G standards. It utilizes W-CDMA technology along with a packet-switched core network to support data rates up to 2Mbps. Key aspects of 3G UMTS include soft handovers between base stations, advanced cellular planning to optimize coverage and capacity, and global roaming capabilities. While offering benefits over 2G, 3G also presented challenges such as high infrastructure costs and lack of adoption from some existing mobile users.
EDGE is an upgrade to GSM networks that allows higher data transmission speeds of up to 473 kbps. It uses more advanced modulation techniques like 8-PSK compared to GSM's GMSK, allowing more bits to be transmitted per symbol. EDGE is backwards compatible with GPRS networks and provides benefits like increased network capacity and data rates. Future evolutions of EDGE, such as EDGE Evolution, aim to achieve speeds up to 1 Mbps through techniques like dual antennas, advanced QAM modulation, and additional coding schemes. EDGE allows GSM networks to provide multimedia services at a lower cost than upgrading to 3G networks.
This document provides an overview of UMTS traffic management and mobility management. It describes the UMTS network architecture including nodes like the RNC, SGSN, GGSN and core network elements. It explains concepts like bearers, radio access bearers (RABs), and radio resource connections (RRC). Mobility management procedures are outlined including location registration, location updating, routing area updates, paging, and roaming between home and visitor networks. Databases like the HLR that store subscriber information and support mobility functions are also detailed.
This document provides an overview of the ZXC10-BSS (Base Station Subsystem), which is the core part of a CDMA2000 digital cellular communication system developed according to IS-2000 standards. It describes the key components and network structure of the ZXC10-BSS, including the BSC (Base Station Controller) and BTS (Base Transceiver Station). It also outlines the features and technical performance of the ZXC10-BSS system, such as its use of advanced packet switching technology, support for high-speed packet data services, and ability to support up to 380 BTSs and 5040 Erl of traffic processing.
The document provides an overview of advanced wireless networks and UMTS. It discusses the evolution from 2G to 3G networks, including the limitations of 2G and requirements for 3G. It describes the UMTS architecture, including the UTRAN, core network, and protocols on the Iu interface. It also covers basic UMTS principles such as CDMA techniques, radio resources including frequency, time, and power/code, and radio resource management.
The document provides an overview of 3G and WCDMA technology. It discusses the evolution of mobile communications standards from 1G to 3G. It compares the different 3G modes including WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. It also outlines ZTE's WCDMA features and their solutions for 3G networks.
UMTS system architecture, protocols & processesMuxi ESL
This document provides an overview of UMTS system architecture and protocols. It discusses:
- The logical architecture of UTRAN including RNC and Node-B elements.
- Interfaces between network elements are clearly specified to allow interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers.
- The main functions of the RNC include radio resource management, call management, and connection to the core network.
- Protocols in UTRAN include RRC for radio resource control, RLC for radio link control, and MAC for medium access control.
060626 huawei umts end to-end solutionVacaba TOURE
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the Huawei UMTS End-to-End Solution document:
Huawei offers a complete end-to-end UMTS solution that provides easy network operation and maintenance, total cost of ownership savings through solutions like their New Generation Node B and Distributed Node B, and a future-oriented network through a unified core network and support for technologies like HSDPA. Their solution includes radio network equipment like the New Generation Node B that features an integrated digital power amplifier and multi-carrier transmitter for improved performance and efficiency.
The document provides information on the fundamentals and evolution of 3G mobile communication standards. It discusses:
- 1st generation standards including AMPS, TACS, NMT, and others operating between 30-200 KHz.
- 2nd generation standards including GSM, IS-136, IS-95, and PDC operating at 200 KHz, utilizing TDMA and early digital technologies.
- UMTS (3G) evolution through 3GPP releases, utilizing WCDMA technology, and achieving speeds up to 2 Mbps through improvements like HSPA and LTE.
This document provides an introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). It describes the context and limitations of previous mobile systems that led to the development of 3G systems like UMTS. The goals of UMTS are to provide high-quality wireless multimedia services across converged fixed and mobile networks. The technical overview explains that UMTS uses CDMA to separate users within a cell and has both FDD and TDD duplex modes for frequency division.
A glance over cellular Communication systems and BSS network equipmentAhmed Nabeeh
This presentation is for everyone who wants to get into the mobile communication market.
Whether you are an undergraduate, fresh, or making a career shift, this presentation will prepare you to take your first step in in the mobile communication market by giving you a glance over all communication systems since the 1948 till date and all BSS sites' equipment.
By the end of the presentation, you should be able to build your own site!
Third generation mobile networks will provide significantly higher data rates and allow for convergence of various communication services. 3G networks will transition to an all-IP infrastructure and support multiple access technologies and standards to provide connectivity anywhere in the world. This will enable always-on high-speed access to multimedia applications and the internet from mobile devices.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 4G. It describes the key technologies including 1G analog cellular systems, 2G digital systems, 2.5G technologies like GPRS and EDGE, 3G standards like UMTS, CDMA2000, and W-CDMA. 3G services offered higher data rates and quality of service but faced challenges around high costs and lack of coverage. 4G is still in development and aims to offer speeds 50 times faster than 3G with seamless connectivity anywhere. Key 3G standards that emerged include CDMA2000 1X, EV-DO, and UMTS/W-CDMA, with W-CDMA providing larger bandwidth and capacity with lower
The document provides an overview of DSLAM and CPE components used in broadband networks. It defines a DSLAM as a device that separates voice and data signals on copper phone lines and routes high-speed data traffic between subscriber equipment and the network. It also describes CPE devices, types of DSLAMs including their ports and interfaces, VLAN configuration, and commands used for configuration and troubleshooting. Broadband networks use these components to provide high-speed internet access over existing copper telephone infrastructure.
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) including its history, architecture, key components, and technical aspects. It describes GSM concepts such as cellular structure and multiple access techniques. It also outlines the roles of core network elements like the HLR, VLR, MSC, BSC, BTS, and identifies interfaces between them. Finally, it covers topics like channel structure, encryption, and mobility management in GSM.
This document provides an overview of multi-carrier GRFU (GSM Radio Filter Unit) hardware, functions, and configuration for Huawei's BTS3900 base station. It describes the GRFU's hardware structure and principles, typical configuration scenarios, and data configuration process using MML commands. The key aspects covered include the GRFU's modulation/demodulation functions, ports, LED indicators, antenna configuration principles when using one or two GRFUs, and transmit/receive modes.
The document describes an eNodeB LTE base station product. It discusses the functions of an eNodeB including radio resource management and scheduling. It then explains the logical structure of an eNodeB including components like the BBU and RF units. Finally, it covers topics like the subsystems of an eNodeB involved in control, transport, baseband processing and reliability measures.
Here are the answers to the review questions from the document:
1. List at least three significant events in the evolution of CDMA networks:
- 1948 John Pierce describes CDMA Multiplexing
- 1956 "Antimultipath" RAKE receiver patented
- 1970s CDMA used in several military communication and navigation systems
2. List the four main network subsystems of UMTS Release 99:
- UTRAN
- CN
- NMS
- Service Platform
3. Name the four basic air interface access technologies:
- TDMA
- FDMA
- CDMA
- OFDMA
This document provides an overview of a project on wireless sensor networks. The aims of the project are to design, build, and test a wireless sensor network circuit using an embedded system and microcontroller programming. The objectives are to study wireless sensor networks using transmitter and receiver modules and design a circuit using an 8051 or AVR microcontroller. The document outlines the modules to be used including RF, GSM, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and GPS. It provides details on the RF module, encoder/decoder circuits, and amplitude shift keying. It also includes sections on GSM technology, its history and standards, services, and architecture including frequency division multiple access, time division multiple access, and code division multiple access access mechanisms.
This document provides specifications for NEC Corporation's iPASOLINK 200/400/1000 converged packet radio series. The iPASOLINK series integrates transmission over both microwave and optical, packet switching, and TDM cross-connect switching for mobile backhaul networks. Key features include support for native Ethernet, native TDM, and all-IP transport; high throughput with advanced modulation; flexible radio configurations; and multi-service quality of service. The document also summarizes the main capabilities and applications of the iPASOLINK 200, 400, and 1000 models.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP GPRS/UMTS architecture and the evolution to an all-IP architecture in Release 2000. It discusses the GPRS and UMTS architectures in Release 99, including key nodes and interfaces. It then summarizes the three steps in evolving to use Mobile IP for mobility management in UMTS. Finally, it outlines the new all-IP architecture in Release 2000, including new nodes, interfaces and protocols.
The document summarizes key aspects of the WCDMA physical layer. It discusses spreading and scrambling which increase signal bandwidth using channelization and scrambling codes. It describes transport channels which define how data is transferred physically, including dedicated and common channels. It also outlines physical channels such as the dedicated physical data and control channels for both uplink and downlink transmissions.
This document discusses BTS hotels, which are a concept that aggregates multiple base transceiver stations (BTSs) into a single location to help provide connectivity where towers are not permitted. BTS hotels provide benefits like decreased costs for site leases, power, maintenance and backhaul by sharing resources. The global market for distributed antenna systems (DAS), which include BTS hotels, is growing significantly. Vendors are getting involved by offering BTS hotels as a managed service and leasing their networks. The document recommends developing BTS hotels as a managed service and implementing a neutral host solution to serve multiple operators.
The document provides an overview of advanced wireless networks and UMTS. It discusses the evolution from 2G to 3G networks, including the limitations of 2G and requirements for 3G. It describes the UMTS architecture, including the UTRAN, core network, and protocols on the Iu interface. It also covers basic UMTS principles such as CDMA techniques, radio resources including frequency, time, and power/code, and radio resource management.
The document provides an overview of 3G and WCDMA technology. It discusses the evolution of mobile communications standards from 1G to 3G. It compares the different 3G modes including WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. It also outlines ZTE's WCDMA features and their solutions for 3G networks.
UMTS system architecture, protocols & processesMuxi ESL
This document provides an overview of UMTS system architecture and protocols. It discusses:
- The logical architecture of UTRAN including RNC and Node-B elements.
- Interfaces between network elements are clearly specified to allow interoperability between equipment from different manufacturers.
- The main functions of the RNC include radio resource management, call management, and connection to the core network.
- Protocols in UTRAN include RRC for radio resource control, RLC for radio link control, and MAC for medium access control.
060626 huawei umts end to-end solutionVacaba TOURE
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the Huawei UMTS End-to-End Solution document:
Huawei offers a complete end-to-end UMTS solution that provides easy network operation and maintenance, total cost of ownership savings through solutions like their New Generation Node B and Distributed Node B, and a future-oriented network through a unified core network and support for technologies like HSDPA. Their solution includes radio network equipment like the New Generation Node B that features an integrated digital power amplifier and multi-carrier transmitter for improved performance and efficiency.
The document provides information on the fundamentals and evolution of 3G mobile communication standards. It discusses:
- 1st generation standards including AMPS, TACS, NMT, and others operating between 30-200 KHz.
- 2nd generation standards including GSM, IS-136, IS-95, and PDC operating at 200 KHz, utilizing TDMA and early digital technologies.
- UMTS (3G) evolution through 3GPP releases, utilizing WCDMA technology, and achieving speeds up to 2 Mbps through improvements like HSPA and LTE.
This document provides an introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). It describes the context and limitations of previous mobile systems that led to the development of 3G systems like UMTS. The goals of UMTS are to provide high-quality wireless multimedia services across converged fixed and mobile networks. The technical overview explains that UMTS uses CDMA to separate users within a cell and has both FDD and TDD duplex modes for frequency division.
A glance over cellular Communication systems and BSS network equipmentAhmed Nabeeh
This presentation is for everyone who wants to get into the mobile communication market.
Whether you are an undergraduate, fresh, or making a career shift, this presentation will prepare you to take your first step in in the mobile communication market by giving you a glance over all communication systems since the 1948 till date and all BSS sites' equipment.
By the end of the presentation, you should be able to build your own site!
Third generation mobile networks will provide significantly higher data rates and allow for convergence of various communication services. 3G networks will transition to an all-IP infrastructure and support multiple access technologies and standards to provide connectivity anywhere in the world. This will enable always-on high-speed access to multimedia applications and the internet from mobile devices.
The document discusses the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 4G. It describes the key technologies including 1G analog cellular systems, 2G digital systems, 2.5G technologies like GPRS and EDGE, 3G standards like UMTS, CDMA2000, and W-CDMA. 3G services offered higher data rates and quality of service but faced challenges around high costs and lack of coverage. 4G is still in development and aims to offer speeds 50 times faster than 3G with seamless connectivity anywhere. Key 3G standards that emerged include CDMA2000 1X, EV-DO, and UMTS/W-CDMA, with W-CDMA providing larger bandwidth and capacity with lower
The document provides an overview of DSLAM and CPE components used in broadband networks. It defines a DSLAM as a device that separates voice and data signals on copper phone lines and routes high-speed data traffic between subscriber equipment and the network. It also describes CPE devices, types of DSLAMs including their ports and interfaces, VLAN configuration, and commands used for configuration and troubleshooting. Broadband networks use these components to provide high-speed internet access over existing copper telephone infrastructure.
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) including its history, architecture, key components, and technical aspects. It describes GSM concepts such as cellular structure and multiple access techniques. It also outlines the roles of core network elements like the HLR, VLR, MSC, BSC, BTS, and identifies interfaces between them. Finally, it covers topics like channel structure, encryption, and mobility management in GSM.
This document provides an overview of multi-carrier GRFU (GSM Radio Filter Unit) hardware, functions, and configuration for Huawei's BTS3900 base station. It describes the GRFU's hardware structure and principles, typical configuration scenarios, and data configuration process using MML commands. The key aspects covered include the GRFU's modulation/demodulation functions, ports, LED indicators, antenna configuration principles when using one or two GRFUs, and transmit/receive modes.
The document describes an eNodeB LTE base station product. It discusses the functions of an eNodeB including radio resource management and scheduling. It then explains the logical structure of an eNodeB including components like the BBU and RF units. Finally, it covers topics like the subsystems of an eNodeB involved in control, transport, baseband processing and reliability measures.
Here are the answers to the review questions from the document:
1. List at least three significant events in the evolution of CDMA networks:
- 1948 John Pierce describes CDMA Multiplexing
- 1956 "Antimultipath" RAKE receiver patented
- 1970s CDMA used in several military communication and navigation systems
2. List the four main network subsystems of UMTS Release 99:
- UTRAN
- CN
- NMS
- Service Platform
3. Name the four basic air interface access technologies:
- TDMA
- FDMA
- CDMA
- OFDMA
This document provides an overview of a project on wireless sensor networks. The aims of the project are to design, build, and test a wireless sensor network circuit using an embedded system and microcontroller programming. The objectives are to study wireless sensor networks using transmitter and receiver modules and design a circuit using an 8051 or AVR microcontroller. The document outlines the modules to be used including RF, GSM, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and GPS. It provides details on the RF module, encoder/decoder circuits, and amplitude shift keying. It also includes sections on GSM technology, its history and standards, services, and architecture including frequency division multiple access, time division multiple access, and code division multiple access access mechanisms.
This document provides specifications for NEC Corporation's iPASOLINK 200/400/1000 converged packet radio series. The iPASOLINK series integrates transmission over both microwave and optical, packet switching, and TDM cross-connect switching for mobile backhaul networks. Key features include support for native Ethernet, native TDM, and all-IP transport; high throughput with advanced modulation; flexible radio configurations; and multi-service quality of service. The document also summarizes the main capabilities and applications of the iPASOLINK 200, 400, and 1000 models.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP GPRS/UMTS architecture and the evolution to an all-IP architecture in Release 2000. It discusses the GPRS and UMTS architectures in Release 99, including key nodes and interfaces. It then summarizes the three steps in evolving to use Mobile IP for mobility management in UMTS. Finally, it outlines the new all-IP architecture in Release 2000, including new nodes, interfaces and protocols.
The document summarizes key aspects of the WCDMA physical layer. It discusses spreading and scrambling which increase signal bandwidth using channelization and scrambling codes. It describes transport channels which define how data is transferred physically, including dedicated and common channels. It also outlines physical channels such as the dedicated physical data and control channels for both uplink and downlink transmissions.
This document discusses BTS hotels, which are a concept that aggregates multiple base transceiver stations (BTSs) into a single location to help provide connectivity where towers are not permitted. BTS hotels provide benefits like decreased costs for site leases, power, maintenance and backhaul by sharing resources. The global market for distributed antenna systems (DAS), which include BTS hotels, is growing significantly. Vendors are getting involved by offering BTS hotels as a managed service and leasing their networks. The document recommends developing BTS hotels as a managed service and implementing a neutral host solution to serve multiple operators.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for 3G radio networks. It provides an overview of important KPIs such as call setup success rate, call drop rate, and data throughput. It describes methods for measuring KPIs including drive testing, stationary testing, and statistical analysis. The document also discusses how to optimize radio networks by adjusting parameters and resolving issues to improve KPIs like accessibility, retainability, and service integrity. Case studies demonstrate analyzing and troubleshooting KPI issues.
The document provides information on 3G IP architecture including definitions of network nodes in GSM, UMTS, and 3G, as well as schematics of the GSM, GPRS, and 3G network architectures. It also includes sections on network vendors, telecommunication companies, and sample careers including a job posting for a Network Engineer role at Ericsson.
Computer hardware devices include webcams, scanners, mice, speakers, trackballs, and light pens. Webcams connect via USB or network and are used for video calls and conferencing. Scanners optically scan images and documents into digital formats. Mice are pointing devices that detect motion to move a cursor. Speakers have internal amplifiers and audio jacks. Trackballs contain ball and sensors to detect rotation for cursor movement. Light pens allow pointing directly on CRT displays.
1) The document discusses the installation and commissioning of a Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS. It provides an overview of the GSM system and BTS functions.
2) It describes the various components of the Nokia Flexi EDGE BTS including the EDGE System Module (ESMA), Dual TRX Module (EXxA), Dual Duplexer Module (ERxA), and Wideband Combiner (EWxA).
3) The commissioning process involves 12 steps like hardware installation, software configuration, RF parameter checks, traffic tests and O&M integration to activate the BTS in the live network.
3G technologies enable higher bandwidth applications like video streaming and video calls by providing data rates up to 2Mbps. Common 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and EDGE which evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA. These standards use technologies such as wider bandwidths and advanced modulation to increase speeds while maintaining compatibility with existing network infrastructure. Over 100 mobile operators worldwide have deployed 3G networks using these standards.
3G technologies enable higher bandwidth applications like video streaming and video calls by providing data rates of 144kbps to 2Mbps. Major 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and EDGE which provide upgraded capabilities over 2G technologies. These standards have been adopted by over 100 mobile operators worldwide and continue to evolve through technologies like HSDPA and EV-DO to support even higher data speeds.
3G technologies enable higher bandwidth applications like video streaming and video calls by providing data rates up to 2Mbps. Common 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and EDGE which evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA. These standards use technologies such as wider bandwidths and advanced modulation to increase speeds while maintaining compatibility with existing network infrastructure. Over 100 mobile operators worldwide have deployed 3G networks using these standards.
3G provides higher bandwidth enabling new applications like video streaming and calling. Key 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. These standards evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA to support higher data rates up to several megabits per second. The transition involved technologies like GPRS, EDGE, EV-DO, and HSPA that served as intermediates between 2G and full 3G.
3G provides higher bandwidth enabling new applications like video streaming and calling. Key 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. These standards evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA to support higher data rates up to several megabits per second. The transition involved technologies like GPRS, EDGE, EV-DO, and HSPA that served as intermediates between 2G and full 3G.
This document provides an overview of 3G and mobile data networks. It begins with an agenda that covers mobile network overviews, 2.5G data networks like GPRS, phases of 3G deployment focusing on areas like IP RAN and QoS, case studies, and WLAN integration. It then provides explanations of 2G mobile networks including GSM and CDMA network architecture and protocols. Finally, it discusses GPRS as an example of a 2.5G data network, covering its architecture and protocols for providing a packet-switched core overlay on existing GSM networks.
This document summarizes several major mobile radio standards used in the United States and Europe. It provides information on the standard type, year introduced, multiple access technique used, operating frequency band, modulation type, and channel bandwidth for standards such as AMPS, GSM, CDMA, IS-95 and others. Additionally, it discusses the evolution of cellular networks through generations from analog to digital systems and increasing data capabilities.
The document summarizes the evolution of wireless networks from 1G to 4G. 1G networks used analog signals and standards like NMT, AMPS, and TACS. 2G introduced digital cellular and standards like GSM, CDMA, and IS-136. 2.5G provided upgrades like GPRS, EDGE, and CDMA2000 1x to support higher data rates. 3G networks supported broadband data and included W-CDMA and CDMA2000. 4G aims to provide fully integrated IP services with speeds over 100 Mbps.
EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) is a mobile communications standard that improves the data transmission rates of 2G digital cellular networks like GSM. It provides higher speeds than GPRS by introducing new modulation techniques that allow up to 384 kbps within the same 200 kHz channel bandwidth. EDGE can be deployed on existing GSM networks through a software upgrade to base stations, requiring no new hardware or spectrum. This allows network operators to enhance their networks in a cost-effective way and support new applications requiring higher speeds before transitioning to 3G.
The document discusses the development of 3G cellular networks and standards. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) established the IMT-2000 standard to harmonize 3G systems worldwide and enable global roaming. IMT-2000 outlined performance targets for 3G networks to provide high-speed data and multimedia services to mobile users. Two main proposals were developed under IMT-2000: UMTS, backed by 3GPP in Europe, and CDMA2000, backed by 3GPP2 in North America and Asia.
3G mobile networks promise increased bandwidth up to 2Mbps for broadband data and multimedia services. They utilize wideband CDMA technology for high-speed data and support roaming across mobile network standards. Key components include radio access networks with Node B base stations and radio network controllers, as well as core packet networks with GPRS support nodes. 3G aims to deliver multimedia services globally through standards like UMTS and CDMA2000.
Overview of current communications systemsMohd Arif
The document provides an overview of current communications systems, including the growth and evolution of cellular technologies from 1G to 3G. It summarizes the key 2G technologies like GSM, CDMA, and TDMA, as well as 2.5G and 3G standards that support higher data rates. It also discusses emerging broadband wireless services for local and personal area networks using technologies like Wi-Fi, HIPERLAN, and Bluetooth.
3G is defined by the ITU and called IMT-2000. It evolved from 2G technologies through intermediary 2.5G and 3.5G standards. UMTS is the 3G standard developed by 3GPP as an upgrade from GSM, using W-CDMA technology. UMTS network architecture consists of the core network, UTRAN radio access network, and user equipment. The UTRAN air interface uses W-CDMA technology with Node-B base stations controlled by RNCs. 3.5G technologies like HSPA extend UMTS with features like adaptive modulation and fast scheduling to enhance performance.
Lectures On Wireless Communication By Professor Dr Arshad Abbas Khan ProfArshadAbbas
This lecture provides an overview of modern wireless communication systems, focusing on the evolution from 1st to 3rd generation cellular standards. It describes the development of 2G technologies like GSM, CDMA, and TDMA, which enabled digital cellular networks. It then discusses 2.5G upgrades like GPRS, EDGE, and IS-95B that enhanced 2G systems for higher-speed data. Finally, it introduces 3G networks that provide multi-megabit connections for advanced applications like high-speed Internet access. The lecture examines the technology changes and migration paths between each generation of cellular standards.
This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of mobile radio networks from 1G to 3G. It discusses the development of early cellular networks using analog technologies in the 1970s-1980s and the transition to digital 2G networks in the 1990s using technologies like GSM, CDMA, and TDMA. It then introduces 3G networks, which aimed to support higher data rates, multimedia services, and greater network capacity through more spectrally efficient wireless technologies like W-CDMA and CDMA2000. The document outlines the international standardization efforts around 3G and different radio access technologies being developed and deployed globally.
Cellular networks have evolved from 0G to 5G over several generations of technology. 1G networks in the early 1980s used analog transmission for primarily voice calls. 2G digital networks in the late 1980s enabled services like text messages. 3G networks in the 2000s supported broadband multimedia with speeds up to 2Mbps. 4G networks since 2010 provide faster "anytime, anywhere" services using IP. Research into 5G beyond 2020 aims for speeds over 10Gbps and connectivity of billions of devices. Each generation brought major improvements in speed and capabilities.
Evolution from 1G to 4G involves major technological advancements in wireless networks. 1G networks provided basic voice calling using analog signals, while 2G introduced digital networks like GSM. 2.5G added packet-switched data to GSM. 3G networks supported higher speeds up to 2Mbps for multimedia applications. 4G aims to provide ubiquitous high-speed mobile internet access at speeds over 100Mbps through integrated technologies like OFDM, MIMO, and software-defined radio.
This document provides an overview of GPRS architecture and 3G cellular systems. It defines GPRS as a new bearer service for GSM that improves wireless access to packet data networks. Key benefits of GPRS include new data services, higher speeds up to 115 kbps, efficient use of bandwidth through statistical multiplexing, and constant connectivity. The document then describes statistical multiplexing and the network elements of GPRS such as SGSN, GGSN, and the GPRS register. It concludes with an overview of 3G technologies like UMTS and CDMA2000, their network architectures and frequency spectrums.
Modern Wireless Communication Systems
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1. The document discusses the evolution of mobile networks from first to third generation. First generation networks provided analog voice calling with limited data capabilities. Second generation networks moved to digital technology, allowing for data services in addition to voice. Third generation networks combine cellular, internet, and fixed network technologies for flexible, universal access to services regardless of location.
2. First generation cellular networks provided analog voice calls using frequency division multiple access. They had low capacity, poor call quality, and no security. Second generation networks like GSM introduced digital technology and roaming between countries. Third generation networks leverage these developments and internet technologies for more advanced capabilities.
1. Differential equations are equations involving derivatives of an unknown function and can be of different orders. Separable differential equations can be expressed as the product of a function of x and a function of y.
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3. Models of natural growth and decay can be represented by differential equations where the rate of change is proportional to the amount present, following an exponential solution. The logistic growth model includes limitations on growth.
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This document compares CDMA2000 and WCDMA mobile network standards. It discusses their deployment status worldwide as of 2004, with CDMA2000 having over 87 million subscribers compared to 3 million for WCDMA. The document also outlines key technical differences between the standards, such as bandwidth, power control frequency, and cell search procedures. It analyzes their coverage in Taiwan, finding CDMA2000 provides better coverage due to operating in the 800MHz band versus 2.1GHz for WCDMA.
Digital fundamentals 8th edition by Thomas Floyd Dawood Aqlan
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The document discusses the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 5G. It outlines the key aspects of 1G through 4G cellular networks and then defines 5G as the next generation of mobile networks. The objectives of 5G are described as well as the standard wireless technology of 5G including switching, services, data rates, and more. It concludes with the benefits of 5G and references.
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The document outlines the curriculum for a CCNA (640-802) certification course. The curriculum is divided into two parts: Part 1 covers basic networking concepts like Ethernet, switching, routing, and wireless networking. Part 2 builds on these concepts and covers more advanced topics like VLANs, OSPF, EIGRP, ACLs, NAT, IPv6, and WAN technologies. The course is estimated to take 62 hours to complete.
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) improves upon existing cellular data services by using a packet switched network rather than a circuit switched network. This allows for more efficient use of network resources and bandwidth. GPRS supports IP and X.25 networks and provides higher maximum data rates and shorter connection times compared to previous technologies. GPRS mobility management includes procedures for attachment, detachment, and tracking a user's location as they move between different areas covered by the network.
1) WiMAX is a wireless technology that provides broadband connections over long distances, with a range of up to 50 km. It uses towers similar to cell phone towers and receivers or chips in devices to connect them to the Internet.
2) WiMAX has advantages over existing technologies like higher speeds, broader coverage from towers, and not requiring wired connections. It also has advantages over 3G like higher throughput, lower costs, and latency.
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This document discusses key concepts in project management. It provides definitions of project management terms and outlines educational objectives such as explaining the concepts of project life cycle and management procedures.
GPRS was established by ETSI in the 1990s to introduce packet switching capabilities to GSM networks. It uses dynamic channel allocation and allows multiple users to share the same communication channels simultaneously. The GPRS architecture introduces new core network nodes like SGSN and GGSN to route packets between mobile stations and external packet data networks. It supports burst data transmission, efficient SMS delivery, and provides always-on connectivity with bandwidths of up to 171kbps. Mobility management allows GPRS users to roam between different geographic service areas.
This document provides an overview of optical fibers, including their evolution, structure, working principles, classification, communication systems, advantages and applications. It discusses how optical fibers guide light using total internal reflection. Fibers are classified based on mode (single or multi-mode) and refractive index profile (step or graded). Key advantages are high bandwidth, low attenuation, immunity to EMI, and security. Applications include telecommunications, broadband, medicine, military and more. Optical fibers have become the backbone of long-distance networks since the 1980s due to refinements in manufacturing.
Here are the key points about GPRS main concepts:
- GPRS uses packet switching rather than circuit switching, allowing variable bit rates rather than a fixed 9.6 kbps rate.
- Radio resources are shared statistically between users through dynamic allocation of timeslots. This allows optimization of resource usage.
- Variable coding schemes allow bit rates from 9 kbps up to over 150 kbps depending on radio conditions and number of timeslots allocated.
- Resources are only used when data is being sent, through the establishment of temporary block flows (TBFs).
- One timeslot can be shared by multiple MSs through time multiplexing controlled by the BSS.
- The transmission rate per radio resource is variable depending on channel quality
GPRS was established by ETSI to provide packet-switched data services in GSM networks. It introduces two new core network nodes, SGSN and GGSN, to route packets between external data networks and mobile stations. GPRS supports bit rates up to 170kbps and quality of service features. It allows dynamic allocation of radio resources and efficient delivery of packet data using concepts like always-on connectivity and burst transmissions. GPRS uses concepts like point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections to provide services like IP, X.25, SMS and other applications to mobile users.
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In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
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2. Why 3G?
• Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!!
• For the consumer
– Video streaming, TV broadcast
– Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports
– Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…
• For business
– High speed teleworking / VPN access
– Sales force automation
– Video conferencing
– Real-time financial information
2
3. 3G services in Asia
• CDMA (1xEV-DO)
– Korea: SKT, KTF
– Japan: AU (KDDI)
• WCDMA / UMTS
– Japan: NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone KK
– Australia: 3 Hutchinson
– Hong Kong: 3 Hutchinson
3
4. 3G Standards
• 3G Standard is created by ITU-T and is called as
IMT-2000.
• The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G
systems to provide Global Roaming.
4
8. Services roadmap
Improved performance, decreasing cost of delivery
Broadband
in wide area
3G-specific services take
3G-specific services take
advantage of higher bandwidth
advantage of higher bandwidth
and/or real-time QoS
and/or real-time QoS
Video sharing
Video telephony
Real-time IP
A number of mobile
A number of mobile
Multitasking
multimedia and games
services are bearer
services are bearer
WEB browsing
Multicasting
independent in nature
independent in nature
Corporate data access
Streaming audio/video
MMS picture / video
xHTML browsing
Application downloading
E-mail
Presence/location
Voice & SMS
Push-to-talk
EGPRS
473
kbps
WCDMA
2
Mbps
CDMA
2000EVDV
GPRS
171
kbps
CDMA
2000EVDO
GSM
9.6
kbps
CDMA
2000 1x
Typical
average bit
rates
(peak rates
higher)
8
HSDPA
1-10
Mbps
10. GSM evolution to 3G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps
Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS
Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent
Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)
GSM
9.6kbps (one timeslot)
GSM Data
Also called CSD
GSM
HSCSD
GPRS
Enhanced Data Rates for Global
Evolution
Uses 8PSK modulation
3x improvement in data rate on short distances
Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances
Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps
Can also be combined with HSCSD
General Packet Radio Services
Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps
Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time
Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time
Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays
GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)
WCDMA
EDGE
10
11. GPRS
• General Packet Radio Service
– Packet based Data Network
– Well suited for non-real time internet usage including retrieval
of email, faxes and asymmetric web browsing.
– Supports multi user network sharing of individual radio
channels and time slots.
– Provides packet network on dedicated GSM radio channels
– GPRS overlays a packet-switched architecture on existing
GSM network architecture
• Variable performance…
–
–
–
–
Packet Random Access, Packet Switched
Content handling
Throughput depends on coding scheme, # timeslots etc
From ~ 9 kbps min to max. of 171.8 kbps (in theory!)
11
12. GPRS (contd..)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Modulation – GMSK
Symbol Rate – 270 ksym/s
Modulation bit rate – 270 kbps
Radio data rate per time slot – 22.8kbps
User data rate per time slot – 20kbps (CS4)
User data rate (8 time slots) – 160kbps, 182.4kbps
Applications are required to provide their own error
correction scheme as part of carried data payload.
12
13. Channel data rates determined by Coding Scheme
Max throughput per GPRS channel
(netto bitrate, kbit/sec)
Use higher coding schemes (less coding, more payload) when radio conditions are
good
20
CS 4
16
CS 3
12
CS 2
8
CS 1
4
0
27dB
23dB
19dB
15dB
11dB
7dB
3dB
C/I
CS1 guarantees connectivity under all conditions (signaling and start of data)
CS2 enhances the capacity and may be utilised during the data transfer phase
CS3/CS4 will bring the highest speed but only under good conditions
13
14. EDGE
•
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
EDGE is add-on to GPRS
Uses 8-PSK modulation in good conditions
Increase throughput by 3x (8-PSK – 3 bits/symbol vs GMSK 1 bit/symbol)
Offer data rates of 384kbps, theoretically up to 473.6kbps
Uses 9 Modulation coding schemes (MCS1-9)
MCS(1-4) uses GMSK, while MCS(5-9) uses 8PSK modulation.
Uses Link adaptation algorithm
Modulation Bit rate – 810kbps
Radio data rate per time slot – 69.2kbps
User data rate per time slot – 59.2kbps (MCS9)
User data rate (8 time slots) – 473.6kbps
New handsets / terminal equipment; additional hardware in the BTS, Core
network and the rest remains the same
EDGE access develops to connect to 3G core
14
16. UMTS
• UMTS is the European vision of 3G.
• UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE.
• The standardization work for UMTS is carried out by Third
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
• Data rates of UMTS are:
– 144 kbps for rural
– 384 kbps for urban outdoor
– 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
• Virtual Home Environment (VHE)
16
17. UMTS Network Architecture
Mobile Station
ME
SIM
Base Station
Subsystem
BTS
BSC
Network Subsystem
MSC/
VLR
EIR
Other Networks
GMSC
HLR
PSTN
PLMN
AUC
RNS
ME
USIM
+
Node
B
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
UTRAN
17
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
18. UMTS Network Architecture
• UMTS network architecture consists of three
domains:
– Core Network (CN) : To provide switching, routing and
transit for user traffic.
– UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) :
Provides the air interface access method for User
Equipment.
– User Equipment (UE) : Terminals work as air interface
counterpart for Node B. The various identities are:
IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, TLLI, MSISDN, IMEI, IMEISV.
18
19. UTRAN
• Wide band CDMA technology is selected for UTRAN air
interface.
• Base Station is referred to as Node-B and control
equipment for Node-B’s is called is called as Radio
Network Controller (RNC).
– Functions of Node –B are:
• Air Interface Tx/Rx
• Modulation / Demodulation
– Functions of RNC are:
• Radio Resource Control
• Channel Allocation
• Power Control Settings
• Handover Control
• Ciphering
• Segmentation and Reassembly
19
20. UMTS Frequency Spectrum
• UMTS Band : 1900-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz for 3G transmission.
• Terrestrial UMTS (UTRAN) : 1900-1980 MHz, 2010-2025 MHz, and 21102170 MHz bands
20
21. IMPACT ON EXISTING NETWORK
Wireless
Data
Tech
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
W-CDMA
Channel
BW
200KHz
200KHz
200KHz
5MHz
Duplex
Infrastructure
Change
FDD
Requires
Software
Upgrade at
base station
FDD
Requires new
packet overlay
including
routers and
gateways
FDD
Requires new
transceivers at
base station.
Also, software
upgrade to the
BSC & BTS
FDD
Requires
completely
new base
stations
Requires
New
Spectrum
Requires New Handsets
No
Yes, New HSCSD handsets provide
57.6Kbps on HSCSD n/w and 9.6 Kbps on
GSM n/w with dual mode phones. GSM
only phones will not work in HSCSD N/w.
No
Yes, New GPRS handsets work on GPRS
n/w at 171.2Kbps, 9.6 Kbps on GSM n/w
with dual mode phones. GSM only phones
will not work in GPRS n/w.
No
Yes, New handsets work on EDGE n/w at
384Kbps, GPRS n/w at 144Kbps, and
GSM n/w at 9.6 Kbps with tri-mode
phones. GSM and GPRS-only phones will
not work in EDGE n/w.
Yes
Yes, New W-CDMA handsets will work on
W-CDMA at 2Mbps, EDGE n/w at 384
Kbps, GPRS n/w at 144 Kbps. GSM n/w at
9.9 Kbps. Older handsets will not work in
W-CDMA.
21
22. WCDMA – 25 device suppliers
Amoi
NEC
Sharp
BenQ
Nokia
Siemens
Fujitsu
Novatel Wireless
Sierra Wireless
Hisense
Sony Ericsson
HTC
NTT DoCoMo
(Raku Raku)
Toshiba
Huawei
LG
Mitsubishi
Motorola
Panasonic
Pantech
Samsung
Sanyo
Vodafone
(Option Wireless PC
card)
ZTE
Seiko
22
23. Combined WCDMA-EDGE networks
At least 40 operators are delivering 3G services on combined
WCDMA-EDGE networks. WCDMA and EDGE are comple-mentary
technologies ensuring lower capital cost, optimum flexibility and efficiencies
AIS, Thailand
Ålands Mobiltelefon, Finland
Batelco, Bahrain
Cellcom, Israel
Cingular Wireless, USA
CSL, Hong Kong
Dialog GSM, Sri Lanka
Elisa, Finland
EMT, Estonia
Eurotel Praha, Czech
Eurotel Bratislava, Slovak
GPTC, Libya
Maxis, Malaysia
Mobilkom Austria
Mobitel, Bulgaria
Mobily, Saudia Arabia
MTC Vodafone, Bahrain
MTN, South Africa
Netcom, Norway
Orange, France
Orange, Romania
Orange Slovensko, Slovak
Oskar Mobile, Czech
Pannon GSM, Hungary
Polkomtel, Poland
Rogers Wireless - Fido, Canada
Si. Mobil – Vodafone,
Slovenia
Swisscom, Switzerland
Telenor, Norway
T-Mobile, Croatia
T-Mobile, Czech
T-Mobile, Hungary
T-Mobile, USA
Telfort, Netherlands
TeliaSonera, Denmark
TeliaSonera, Finland
TeliaSonera, Sweden
TIM Hellas, Greece
TIM, Italy
VIP Net, Croatia
23
25. CDMA2000 evolution to 3G
IS-95B
Uses multiple code channels
Data rates up to 64kbps
Many operators gone direct to 1xRTT
IS-95B
CDMA
IS-95A
IS-95A
14.4 kbps
Core network
re-used in
CDMA2000
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Evolved Data Optimised
Third phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Standardised version of Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR)
Adds TDMA components beneath code components
Good for highly asymmetric high speed data apps
Speeds to 2Mbps +, classed as a “3G” system
Use new or existing spectrum
1xEV-DO
1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xRTT: single carrier
RTT
First phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Easy co-existence with IS-95A air interface
Release 0 - max 144 kbps
Release A – max 384 kbps
Same core network as IS-95
1xEV-DV
CDMA2000
3xRTT
CDMA2000 1x Evolved DV
Fourth phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Still under development
Speeds to 5Mbps+ (more than 3xRTT!)
Possible end game.
25
26. IS-95A
CDMA was commercially introduced in 1995 with IS-95A or
cdmaOne. IS-95A is the CDMA-based second generation (2G)
standard for mobile communication. The following
are the key aspects of this standard:
• Support for data rates of upto 14.4 kbps
• IS-95A has been used exclusively for circuit-switched voice
• Convolutional Channel coding used
• Modulation technique used is BPSK
26
27. IS-95B
IS-95B or cdmaOne is the evolved version of IS-95A and is
designated as 2.5G. IS-95B maintains the Physical Layer of IS-95A,
but due to an enhanced MAC layer, is capable of providing for higher
speed data services. The following are the key aspects of the
standard:
• Theoretical data rates of upto 115 kbps, with generally experienced
rates of 64 kbps
• Additional Walsh codes and PN sequence masks, which enable a
mobile user to be assigned up to eight forward or reverse code
channels simultaneously, thus enabling a higher data rate
• Code channels, which are transmitted at full data rates during a
data burst
• Convolutional Channel coding
• Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) as the Modulation technique
used
27
28. CDMA 2000 1X
•Supports theoretical data rates of upto 307 kbps, with generally
experienced rates of 144 kbps
• The newly introduced Q-PCH of CDMA 2000 enables the mobile to
be informed about when it needs to monitor F-CCCH and the Paging
Channel, thus improving on the battery life
• Introduction of Radio Configurations – Transmission formats
characterized by physical layer parameters such as data rates,
modulation characteristics, and spreading rate. RCs help in providing
for additional data rates.
• Quality and Erasure indicator bits (QIB and EIB) on the reverse
power control sub channel. These help in indicating to the BS about
bad frames or lost frames received at the mobile station, so that they
can be retransmitted
• Code channels are transmitted at full data rates during a data burst
• Convolutional and Turbo coding techniques used
• Modulation technique used is QPSK
28
29. CDMA 2000 3X
• Offering data speeds up to 2 Mbps
• Using three standard 1.25 MHz channels within a 5 MHz band
• Leveraging deployment experiences, and manufacturers’ learning
curves of today’s widely adopted, commercially available CDMA systems
• Using Convolutional and Turbo coding techniques
• Using QPSK as the Modulation technique
29
30. 1X EV-DO
• Supporting data rates of up to 2.4 Mbps
• Having no backward-compatibility with CDMA 2000
• Including two inter-operable modes: an integrated 1x mode optimized
for voice and medium data speeds, and a 1xEV mode optimized for
non real-time high capacity/high speed data and Internet access
• Providing Adaptive Rate Operation with respect to channel conditions
• Providing Adaptive modulation and coding
• Providing Macro diversity via radio selection
• Providing an always-on operation of 1xEV-DO terminals in the active
state
• Using a multi-level modulation format (QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-QAM)
30
31. 1xEV-DV
• Backward compatible with CDMA 2000.
• EV-DV can be easily extended to operate in 3x mode under the
framework of current system.
• Forward peak data rate : 3.072 Mbps.
• Reverse peak data rate: 451.2 kbps.
• Addition of three new channels to f/w link and reverse link for
packet data operation and its support.
• Adaptive modulation and coding : QPSK, 8- PSK, 16-QAM
• Variable frame duration
• Mobile station can select one of N base stations.
• DTX transmission supported for saving battery life.
31
33. IMPACT ON EXISTING NETWORK
Wireless Channel
Duplex
Data Tech.
BW
IS-95B
1.25MHz
Cdma2000 1.25MHz
1xRTT
Cdma2000
1.25MHz
1xEV
(DO & DV)
Cdma2000 3.75MHz
3xRTT
Infrastructure
Change
FDD
Requires new
software in BSC
FDD
Requires new
s/w in backbone
and new channel
cards at base
stations. Also
need to build a
new packet
service node.
FDD
Requires s/w
and digital card
upgrade on
1xRTT networks
FDD
Requires
backbone
modifications
and new channel
cards at base
stations.
Requires
New
Spectrum
Requires New Handsets
No
Yes, New handsets will work on IS-95B
at 64 Kbps and IS-95A at 14.4 Kbps.
Cdma One phones can work in IS-95B
at 14.4 Kbps
No
Yes, New handsets will work on 1xRTT
at 144 Kbps, IS-95B at 64 Kbps, IS-95A
at 14.4 Kbps. Older handsets can work
in 1xRTT but at lower speeds.
No
Yes,New handsets can work on 1xEV
at 2.4 Mbps, 1xRTT at 144 Kbps, IS95B at 64 Kbps, IS-95A at 14.4 Kbps.
Older handsets can work in 1xEV but at
lower speeds.
Maybe
Yes, New handsets will work on 95A at
14.4 Kbps, 95B at 64 Kbps, 1xRTT at
144 Kbps, 3xRTT at 2 Mbps. Older
handsets can work in 3X but at lower
speeds.
33
35. CDMA2000 1X and CDMA 1X EVDO Vendors
Terminal Vendors
• Audiovox
• Ericsson
• Hyundai CURITEL
• Kyocera
• LG Electronics
• Motorola
• Nokia
• Samsung
• Sanyo
• SK TeleTech
Wireless Modem
• AirPrime
• AnyDATA
• GTRAN
• Novatel Wireless
• Sierra Wireless
35
36. Adoption of different mobile standards
First steps to 3G
270 commercial GPRS networks
141 networks deploying GPRS/EDGE
84 commercial EDGE networks
(source: GSA, May 16, 2005)
121 commercial Cdma2000 1x networks
(source: CDG, May 13, 2005)
No. of commercial networks per mobile data standard
300
250
200
150
100
50
3G
0
EDGE/GPRS
CDMA2000-1x
WCDMA
1xEV-DO
WCDMA: 134 licenses awarded
71 commercial WCDMA networks
(source: GSAMay 12, 2005)
22 commercial CDMA 1x EV-DO networks
(source: CDG, May 13, 2005)
Evolved 3G
HSDPA: all WCDMA operators expected to upgrade to HSDPA (SW upgrade to BTS)
CDMA 1x EV-DV: limited industry support
36
37. 3G Network Vendors:
Groups and JV
1. ALCATEL + FUJITSU (Alcatel hold 66 percent of the shares of the Evolium SAS,
and Fujitsu holds the rest)
2. SIEMENS + NEC (Mobisphere Ltd.,) + CASIO / TOSHIBA
3. MOTOROLA + CISCO + FIJITSU + PIONEER + ALCATEL (Alcatel RNC, MOTOROLA
Node B)
4. SAGEM + FUJITSU (Handset)
6. NOKIA + CISCO (IP Core network),
7. NOKIA + Interdigital (technology development relationship)
8. NORTEL + Matsushita/Panasonic + SAMSUNG
9. LUCENT (alone)
10.ERICSSON (alone)
11.CISCO+KPMG Cisco routeurs, KPMG consulting
37
38. 3.5G
3.5G or HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is an
enhanced version and the next intermediate generation of 3G
UMTS. It comprises the technologies that improve the Air Interface
and increase the spectral efficiency, to support data rates of the
order of 30 Mbps. 3.5G introduces many new features that will
enhance the UMTS technology in future. 1xEV-DV already
supports most of the features that will be provided in 3.5G. These
include:
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding
• Fast Scheduling
• Backward compatibility with 3G
• Enhanced Air interface
38
39. 4G: Anytime, Anywhere Connection
• Also known as ‘Mobile Broadband everywhere’
• ‘MAGIC’
– Mobile Multimedia Communication
– Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone
– Global Mobility Support
– Integrated Wireless Solution
– Customized Personal Service
• According to 4G Mobile Forum, by 2008 over $400
billion would be invested in 4G mobile projects.
• In India, communication Minister Mr. Dayanidhi
Maran, has announced a national centre of
excellence to work in 4G arena.
39
40. 4G: Data rate Facts
• Transmission at 20 Mbps
• 2000 times faster than mobile data rates
• 10 times faster than top transmission rates planned in
final build out of 3G broadband mobile
• 10-20 times faster than standard ADSL services.
• Companies developing 4G technology
– Cellular phone companies: Alcatel, Nortel,
Motorola,
– IT Companies: Hughes,HP,LG Electronics
40
Replacing the existing GSM air interface is the final and most important step in the evolution of GSM to UMTS i.e. 3G. Recall that one of the criteria for a system to be IMT2000 compliant is that it implements an air interface standard defined by the ITU. In the case of UMTS, the communication over the air interface, or UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) as it is technically known, is achieved using W-CDMA and TD-CDMA. The access parts of the network, called the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), are based on ATM and it is here that the major changes in upgrading will occur, which of course will also be reflected on the handsets (figure 4).