2. Introduction
UMTS is developed by 3GPP (3 Generation Partnership Project) a joint venture of several
organization
3G UMTS is a third-generation (3G): broadband, packet-based transmission of text,
digitized voice, video, multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps
Also referred to as wideband code division multiple access(WCDMA)
Allows many more applications to be introduce to a worldwide
Also provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans.
The higher bandwidth also enables video conferencing or IPTV.
Once UMTS is fully available, computer and phone users can be constantly attached to the
Internet wherever they travel and, as they roam, will have the same set of capabilities.
3. Purpose
• The Dream was that 2G and 2.5G systems are incompatible around the world.
-Worldwide devices need to have multiple technologies inside of them, i.e. tri-band
phones, dual-mode phones
• To develop a single standard that would be accepted around the world.
-One device should be able to work anywhere.
• Increased data rate.
- Maximum 2048Kbps
4. History
The Cellular network since it is introduced is changed time to time.
First Generation (1G)
§ Mobile systems provided only 1 service whether speech or voice through call.
§ Provided 2 Kbps data rate.
Second Generation (2G)
§ Mobile systems provided data services along with speech.
§ Used digital standards. Like SMS, and GPRS (2.5G) etc.
§ Provided 64 kbps.
Third Generation (3G)
§ Mobile systems were designed to offer high quality of multimedia service.
§ First mobile broadband utilizing IP protocols.
§ Provided 64 kbps.
Fourth Generation (4G)
§ Devices are designed to fulfill the demand of higher.
§ Provided 10 Gbps.
5. Cont….
In 1987 the European Union funded a research program called RACE.
The project that simply known as RACE 1043. Soon the term was coined the Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System (UMTS).
A decision was taken that UMTS would operate in the 2 GHz band. It was allocated a bandwidth
of 250 MHz as part of a world-wide allocation.
A key concept of UMTS in these very early days was that the mobile would be capable of
multimedia two-way communications.
6. Spectrum and Bandwidth
The electromagnetic radiation spectrum for UMTS has been identified as
frequency bands 1885-2025 MHz for future IMT-2000 systems, and 1980-
2010 MHz and 2170-2200 MHz for the satellite portion of UMTS systems.
7. Features
It uses FDD/TDD duplexing method.
It uses the Bandwidth of 5 MHz.
The Chip rate is about 3.84 Mbps
It is very much flexible with 100/200 kHz carrier spacing.
The Frame length unit is 10 ms.
It uses BPSK for uplink and QPSK for downlink.
It has variable spreading factor.
The maximum data rat for indoor is 2 Mbps and for mobile it is 384 kbps.
The channel coding is convolution coding, turbo code for high data rate.
8. UMTS Modes
It has two modes. I) UMTS-FDD ii) UMTS-
TDD.
In frequency division duplex mode there are two
frequencies used one for the uplink and the
other for the downlink.
In Time division duplex mode only one
frequency is used for both uplink and
downlink, but the frequency is divided into
time slots for uplink and downlink
communication.
9. Types of Cells and its Data Rates
› Macro Cell
These cover a large area and will give slow access.
144 Kbps – max speed of 500 Km/h. Low data
rate.
› Micro Cell
These should cover a medium area.
384 Kbps max speed 120 Km/h. Medium data
rate.
› Pico Cell
Less than 100 metres.
2 Mbps – max speed of 10 Km/h. High data rat
11. 1- User Equipment:-
It is not a simple mobile phone but rather, a mobile multimedia
terminal provides simultaneously voice, video and data services.
UE is composed of two parts
-Mobile Equipment(ME)
-Universal subscriber identity module (USIM).
1.1 Mobile Equipment
It performs reliable data and signalling message transfer throughout
the radio Interface.
User data is generated in uplink and processed in the downlink,
Application protocols such as WAP/IP are located in the TE.
12. 1.2 USIM
Information located in USIM are:
The personal identification Number(PIN). -
The preferred languages
The codes to enable emergency call
One or several IMSI and MSISDN.
The user’s temporary identities allocated.
Circuit and packet switched temporary location information.
13. 2- UTRAN
The UMTS(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access network) has two elements:
§ RNC
§ Node B.
UTRAN is subdivided into individual radio network (RNS), where each RNS is
controlled by RNC.
The RNC is connected to a set of Node B elements, each of which can serve one or
several cells.
14. 2.1 RNC
The RNC enables autonomous radio resource management (RRM) by UTRAN.
The RNC handles protocol exchanges between Iu, Iur and Iub interfaces
The RNC uses the Iur interface for eliminating the burden from CN.
Provide air interface between UE’s and Core Network).
2.2 Node B:-
Node B is the physical unit for radio TX/RX with cells.
A single Node B can support both FDD and TDD modes.
The Main task of Node B is the conversion of data to and from th Uu radio interface,
including forward error correction (FEC)
Node B also participates in power control.
15. 3. Core Network:-
The UMTS core network may be split into two different areas:
Circuit switched elements:
Carry data in a circuit switched manner, i.e. a permanent channel for the duration of the call.
Packet switched elements:
Carry packet data. This enables much higher network usage as the capacity can be shared and
data is carried as packets which are routed according to their destination.
16. 3.1 Circuit switched elements
The circuit switched elements of the UMTS core network architecture include the following
network entities:
Mobile switching center (MSC):
An exchange performing all the switching and signalling functions
Functions
–call management
–mobility management(handling attach and authentication)
–subscriber administration
–maintenance of charging data(for radio network usage)
–supplementary call services (call forwarding, etc.)
4.4.1.2 Gateway MSC (GMSC)
–Provides interconnection between the UMTS core network and external PSTN/ISDN
networks.
17. 3.2 Packet switched elements
The packet switched elements of the 3G UMTS core network architecture
include the following network entities:
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
The SGSN provides a number of functions within the UMTS network architecture.
§
Mobility management
§
Session management:
§
Interaction with other areas of the network:
§
Billing:
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN):
Central element in UMTS.
It handles inter-working between the UMTS packet switched network and external packet
switched networks.
18. 3.3 Shared Elements:-
The shared elements of the 3G UMTS core network architecture include the
following network entities:
Home location register (HLR):
§ Contains all the administrative information about each subscriber along with their
last known location
Equipment identity register (EIR):
§ The EIR is the entity that decides whether a given UE equipment may be allowed
onto the network or not on the basis of IMEI.
Authentication centre (AuC) :
§ The AuC is a protected database that contains the secret key also contained in the
user's USIM card.
19. MSC
Mobile switching center Serves ME at its current location for circuit switch service
GMSC
Gateway MSC Serves UMTS where it is connected to ext .CS NW
HLR
Home Location Register The database storing the master copy of a users profile
VLR
Visitor Location Register The database holding a copy of a visiting users profile .
GGSN
Gateway serving GPRS support node the node that is accessed by the packet data network it contains
routing information for PS attached users.
SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Router for Packet Switched Services .
Node B
3G base station Handles radio channel, multiplexing, demultilexing of data & voice
RNC
Radio RN controller Controls & manages multiple base stations
Summary
20. Major Interface
There are four major new interfaces defined in UMTS:
• Iu The interface between UTRAN and the CN
• Iur The Interface between different RNCs
• Iub The interface between the Node B and the RNC
• Uu The air interfac
21. General Protocol Model:-
§ Signaling bearers are used to transmit higher
layers, signaling and control information.
§ Data bearers are the frame protocols used to
transport user data.
§ Application protocols are used to provide
UMTS- specific signaling an control with in
UTRAN such as to set up bearers in the
radio network layer.
§ Data streams contain the user data that is
transparently transmitted between the
network elements.
§ Access link control application part protocol
layers . They react to the radio networks
layer’s demands to set up, maintain and
release data bearers.
