13. Uw1361-1) Market is asking for more advanced services than what is available now( voice calls & low data rate services).Market requirements are classified in three different sectionsUMTS1) Why 3G?MobilityVideo conferencingVideo telephonyWide band data servicesComputer Data E-mailReal time image transferMultimediaMobile ComputingVideo on demandInteractive video servicesElectronic newspaperTeleshoppingValue added internet servicesTV & Radio contributionsTelecommunicationComputer dataAudio-Video content<br />Data speed:<br />The data speed of 3G is determined based on a combination of factors including the chip rate, channel structure, power control, and synchronization.<br />An example of calculating the theoretical 3G data speed is as follows: <br />W-CDMA assigned code 400-500 Kpbs/code. 6 codes X 400 > 2Mbps (UMTS target for 3G data speed in fixed location) <br />Actual data speeds will vary in accordance with several factors including: <br />Number of users in cell/sector <br />Distance of user from cell <br />User is moving or stationary <br />Network operator capacity and network optimization requirements <br />Radio Access Method is Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA). In GSM, we use TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) as the transmission method between the different network elements. For UMTS, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) has been chosen as the transmission method in the radio access network. The basic difference between TDM and ATM is that in TDM, we use timeslots for conveying information between network elements. In ATM, on the other hand, the data is transmitted in cells (packets) of fixed size across the network. (An ATM cell has 48 octets of payload, 5 octets of headers.)<br />WCDMA technical characteristicsOptimized packet access on common or dedicated channel.High spectrum efficiency5 MHz carriersFrequency Division Duplex, FDD3.84 Mcps chip rateVariable spreading codes<br />COMPARISON OF WCDMA AND CDMA:<br />Both use a coding scheme that separates each subscriber from other subscribers<br />Both use control channels to manage the network<br />W-CDMA and CDMA2000 are not compatible from the perspective that they have different chip rates - 3.84 MCPS for W-CDMA vs. 1.2888 MCPS for CMDA2000. W-CDMA uses a 5 MHz channel. Initially, CDMA2000 uses only a 1.25 MHz channel, but with CDMA2000 3x, three 1.25 MHz channels can be combined to form a super channel structure.<br />W-CDMA is synchronous, relying on mobile station time measurements between two base stations, rather than using GPS as CDMA2000 does.<br />There are three modes of operation for W-CDMA/CDMA2000: <br />Direct Sequence (DS) W-CDMA (UMTS) for Frequency Divsion Duplex (FDD) <br />W-CDMA Time Division Duplex (TDD) <br />CDMA2000 Multi-carrier FDD <br />Each of the three radio interface methods may be employed on either a GSM or ANSI-based Core Network (CN).<br />IS-833 is a standard, developed by the 3GPP2, to support CDMA2000 1xRTT Radio Access Network (RAN) to interface with a GSM CN. RAN upgrade required includes CDMA base station and BSC. CN upgrade required includes CDMA PDSN and AAA server.<br />Services:<br /> SMS, EMS, MMS<br /> Location-based services<br /> 3G-324M Video<br /> VoIP w/o QoS; Push-to-Talk<br /> IP Multimedia Services (w/ QoS)<br /> Converged “All IP” networks<br />Applications:<br />Mobile Interview <br />In today's global scenario, the 3G technology will enable organizations and qualifiedcandidates to have a telephonic interview in a modern way through video conferencing.Traditional telephonic interview and personal interviews may be replaced by 3G voiceand video conferencing. This will reduce the cost and save the time of both theorganizations and the candidates.<br />Conferences <br />3G technology provides for video conferencing which can help the Human ResourceDepartment interact with their seniors at the time of urgency without wasting otherresources. This can be very much helpful when the concerned person is out of state orcountry.<br />File Transfer <br />With the advent of video and audio multimedia and a faster rate of downloading e-mailattachments, employees in an organization can request any urgent file or report they needto present to the clients. This will again reduce the burden on organization's resources andincrease employee effectiveness.<br />E -learning & M-learning <br />3G technology provides for internet browsing that will help the employees to surf andlearn using their 3G cell phones while traveling (m-learning) or from home. Theorganizations can schedule training modules for the employees of other branches throughvideo conferences.<br />Some more applications:<br /> Travel information<br /> Make request via voice<br /> Receive response in text<br /> Directions<br /> Make request via voice<br /> Receive initial response in text<br /> Get updates while traveling via voice<br />or SMS or rich graphics<br /> One-to-many messaging<br /> Record message via voice or text<br /> Deliver message via voice, SMS,E-mail.<br />CONCLUSION<br />Voice was the driver for the second generation mobile and has been a considerable success. Today, video and TV services are driving forward third generation (3G) deployement and in the future, low cost , high speed data will drive forward the 4th generation new data services , interactive T.V.<br />REFERENCES<br />www.scribd.com<br />www.wikipedia.com<br />www.mobileIN.com<br />techterms@whatis.com<br />www.google.com<br />www.bsnl.in<br />www.nmscommunications.com<br />
![2011 PROJECT REPORT BSNL [3G and WCDMA]BY:NIBEDAN BHAWSINKABATCH: 53REG NO. 1333<br />PREFACE<br />Project method is an effective method of learning and doing. While doing the projects we learn the skills of planning and organising facts and materials. Knowledge gained by this method is long lasting unlike the knowledge gained by memorizing facts. It includes the process of research, thorough study and understanding and also includes the presentation of correct data in an effective way. In this project we attempt to study about the topic: 3G and WCDMA. We learn about the new technology “3G” and also the technology behind 3G i.e. WCDMA. <br /> This project covers all the GSM generations i.e. the evolution of the mobile communication. It also outlines the history of the communication. It also attempts to discuss about the need, vision, architecture, access networks, services provided and the applications of the 3G .<br />ACKNOLEDGEMENT<br />I would like to thank my batch incharge SHRI HARI HARA SHAOO for extending his helping hand towards this project and also assigning me the topic of “ 3G and WCDMA ” .<br /> I would also like to express my gratitude to all the teaching faculty for giving there valuable time for explaining all the topics clearly in a detailed manner.<br /> Not to forget my friends and parents for their constant love and support.<br />INTRODUCTION<br />3G is the next generation of mobile communications systems. It enhances the services such as multimedia, high speed mobile broadband, internet access with the ability to view video footage on your mobile handset. With a 3G phone and access to the 3G network you can make video calls, watch live TV, access the high speed internet, receive emails and download music tracks, as well as the usual voice call and messaging services found on a mobile phone, like person to person video, live streaming, downloadable video of entertainment, news, current affairs and sport content and video messaging.<br />Third generation (3G) networks were conceived from the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) concept for high speed networks for enabling a variety of data intensive applications.<br /> 3G systems consist of the two main standards, CDMA2000 and W-CDMA, as well as other 3G variants such as NTT DoCoMo's Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) used primarily in China.<br />WHAT IS 3G?<br />3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services fulfilling the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union.[1] Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment. To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s. <br />THINGS TO UNDERSTAND BEFORE DISCUSSING 3G<br />3G is a mobile standard which provides high data rate transfer. But don’t you think we must first understand about the communication?<br />Communication is the successful flow of data from one end(or device) to other end.<br />Man has been struggling a lot for the communication purpose and has always been in a search for an easier and smarter way to communicate.<br />He has made tremendous improvement and development in the communication sector in order to make the communication process simpler , faster , cheaper and advanced.<br />HISTORY<br />Previously during the kings age, in ancient times, their existed the concept of message bearers who used to take the message from the king, and delivered it to the emperor of the other throne.<br />Then came the concept of pigeon, when pigeon was used as a source of communication. The message was tied on pigeon’s neck and it was delivered to the receiver.<br />All these were adopted for long distance communication. There were significant improvement in the communication sector and man was able to create a wireline method of communication.<br />During its early stage for making the STD ( subscriber trunk dialling ) calls, user had to give the no.to the telephone operator, then he would be connected to the receiver within 2-3 days at any time. <br />Then as the time passed by, communication sector witnessed significant improvement when the long distance communication became easier and cheaper, now there was no need to go to the operator and wait for 2-3 days, now it was a matter of 2-3 seconds.<br />This was possible by using the access network of PSTN.<br />PSTN stands for public switch telephone network. It is a landline network. Previously only voice communication was possible , but now data communication is also possible using DSL( digital subscriber line )<br />With this advancement, the telephone operators were convienced and determined to make communication wireless. With this the world saw the evolution of mobile technology. It used the access network known as PLMN( public land mobile network )<br /> <br /> GSM<br /> <br /> PLMN<br /> CDMA<br />EVOLUTION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION<br />The GSM saw the following generations:-<br />,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bsnlproject-110710145944-phpapp02/85/Bsnl-project-1-320.jpg)
