Typhoid fever is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi that causes diarrhea and a rash. It spreads through contaminated food, water, or poor sanitation. The disease progresses in four stages over 4 weeks with high fever, delirium, and potentially serious intestinal bleeding or perforation in later stages. Treatment involves rehydration, antibiotics to kill the bacteria, and immunization to help prevent infection.

1. By: Julian PhilipA. Soriano

2.  It is an infection that causes diarrhea and
a rash
 also called enteric fever
 Caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi

3.  It can spread through contaminated
food, drink, or water.
 It can also spread through poor hygiene
habits and public sanitation
conditions, and sometimes also by flying
insects feeding on feces.

4. GENERALLY:
A slowly progressive fever as high as 40
°C (104 °F), profuse sweating
and gastroenteritis. Less
commonly, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots
may appear
Classically, the course of untreated
typhoid fever is divided into four individual
stages, each lasting approximately one
week.

5. 1st WEEK:
a slowly rising temperature with
relative bradycardia, malaise, headache
, and cough. A bloody nose (epistaxis) is
seen in a quarter of cases and
abdominal pain is also possible.

6. 2nd WEEK:
The patient lies prostrate with high
fever in plateau around 40
°C (104 °F) and bradycardia(sphygmoth
ermic dissociation), classically with
a dicrotic pulse wave. Delirium is
frequent, frequently calm, but sometimes
agitated.

7. 3rd WEEK:
Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding
in congested Peyer's patches; this can
be very serious but is usually not fatal.
Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum:
this is a very serious complication and is
frequently fatal. It may occur without
alarming symptoms until septicaemia or
diffuse peritonitis sets in.

8. 4th WEEK:
The fever is still very high and oscillates
very little over 24 hours. Dehydration
ensues and the patient is delirious
(typhoid state).

9.  Fluids and electrolytes may be given
through a vein (intravenously), or you
may be asked to drink uncontaminated
water with electrolyte packets.
 Appropriate antibiotics are given to kill
the bacteria. There are increasing rates
of antibiotic resistance throughout the
world, so your health care provider will
check current recommendations before
choosing an antibiotic.

10. YES!! There are vaccines and other
immunizations everywhere in the world
whether for travelling or for care.
Eventhough immunization is not always
completely effective you can also drink
only boiled or bottled water and eat well-
cooked food. Studies of an oral live
attenuated typhoid vaccine are now under
way and appear promising.