A window consists of a frame and shutters. The frame includes horizontal and vertical members that form the opening and hold the shutters. Shutters are the movable parts of the window. There are many types of windows including awning, casement, single-hung, double-hung, sliding, louvered, tilt-turn, bay, bow, garden, picture, arch/radius, and skylight windows. Each type has different characteristics regarding how the shutters open, are mounted, and function.

2. WINDOW
 A WINDOW is also a vented barrier secured in a wall opening. The
function of the window is to admit light and air to the building and to give
a view to the outside.
 WINDOW consists of two parts:-
1. Window frame
2. Window shutter

3. COMPONENTS OF WINDOWS

4. SOME TECHNICAL TERMS
 FRAME:- It is an assembly of horizontal and
vertical members, forming an enclosure,to which
the shutters are fixed
 SHUTERS:-These are the openable parts of a
door or window.
 HEAD:-This is the top or uppermost horizontal
part of frame
 SILL:-This is the lowest or bottom horizontal part
of a window frame, not provided in door frames.
 HORN:- These are the horizontal projections of a
frame..
 REBATE :- It is the depression or recess made
inside the door frame to receive the door shutter.

5. TYPES OF WINDOW
1. Awning Windows
2. Casement Windows
3. Single-Hung Windows
4. Double-Hung Windows
5. Sliding Window
6. Pivoted Windows
7. Glazed Windows
8. Louvered Windows
9. Metal Windows
10.Bay Windows
11.Clerestory Windows
12.Corner Windows
13.Dormer Windows
14.Arch/Radius WINDOW.
15.Skylight

6. AWNING WINDOW :- Is a type of window design that allows the window
sash to swing outward rather than inward or up and down.
•Awning windows are designed to
provide ventilation without letting in
rain, etc.
•Awning windows can be used alone or
in vertical or horizontal groups in
combination with additional awning
windows, other types of windows, or
above doors.

7. AWNING WINDOW

8. CASEMENT WINDOW :- It is a window that is attached to its frame by one or
more hinges. These are hinged at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a
common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside.
 When fully opened, offer the maximum amount of
ventilation.
 Operates like a hinged door, except that it opens and closes
with a lever inside the window.
 The shutter consists of styles, top rail, bottom rail and
intermediate rail.
 Depending upon the design, the frame can have additional
vertical and horizontal members i.e. mullion and transom
respectively.
 The panels may be either glazed, unglazed or partly glazed
and are fixed in the grooves made in rails and styles.

9. CASEMENT WINDOW

10. SINGLE-HUNG WINDOW :- Is a window with a fixed upper sash and a movable
lower sash. The lower sash can be raised to allow a free flow of air, and the sash may also
be designed to tilt so that it can be easily cleaned from the inside.

11. SINGLE-HUNG WINDOW

12. DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW :-Is a window that features an upper and lower
window sash that slide vertically past one another in a single casement.

13. DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW

14.  CORNER WINDOW :- These are provided at the corner of the room. Light
and air is admitted from two directions. The jamb post at the corner is made of
heavy section.

15. HOPPER WINDOW :-Is a single style window similar to a casement window in
that they both are hinged for opening, rather than slide open. It is hinged on the
bottom and opens inward from the top.

16. HOPPER WINDOW

17. SLIDING WINDOWS :-Are windows constructed in a frame and installed so
that they slide open and closed, as opposed to opening, in or out, on a hinge.

18. SLIDING WINDOW

19. LOUVERED WINDOWS :- Are type of window made of glass slats set in
metal clips that can be opened and closed in unison.
 They are provided for the sole function of ventilation and not for
the vision outside.
 The styles are grooved to receive a series of louvers which may
be of glass or wood slates.
 The louvers re usually fixed at 450 inclination sloping downward
to the outside to run-off the rain water.
 The windows provide light and ventilation even if closed.

20. TILT AND TURN WINDOWS :- Are the pinnacle of fenestration technology for
residential, commercial and institutional buildings. These windows offer dual-
action convenience. They tilt-in at the top, and swing-in, along one side.

21. TILT AND TURN WINDOW

22. BAY WINDOWS :- Are specially designed windows which create a niche in a home filled with
light. Typically, they highlight a stunning view such as the ocean or a sweeping meadow, and they
are often designed with window seats so that people can sit in the windows and enjoy a book.

23.  Dormer window and Gable window. The windows provided at the dormer end
and gable end of the sloping roof to provide light and ventilation to the enclosed space
below the roof.

24. BOW WINDOW. It is a variation of the bay window. This window is so named
because it has a slightly curved shape, instead of the more angled shape of the bay
window, and it looks like the curve of a drawn bow.

25. BAY WINDOW BOW WINDOW
 A bay window is a 3 panel window
that can be assembled with
different combination of windows
such as double hung, casement
and stationary window and most
of the cases a new roof needs to
be framed because the unit sticks
out from the house.
 A bow window also can be
assembled with different
combination of windows such as
double hung, casement and
stationary window and it has 3,
4, 5 or even 6 panels that split
up the projection giving it a
curved (bow) look.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BAY AND BOW WINDOW

26. BAY WINDOW BOW WINDOW
 The flat front and the sides angled
toward you house create a
projection that can vary from 30
from 45 degrees angle.
 The project can vary from 10 to
15 degrees angle.

27. GARDEN WINDOW :- Is a window that juts out, or projects, slightly from a
wall in order to capture more sunlight. Some may have shelves and glass must be
present on all sides, except for the bottom.

28. PICTURE/FIXED WINDOWS :-Are window designs that do not include
any sashes or sections of the window that are configured to open and close.

29. PICTURE/FIXED WINDOW

30.  'ARCH' OR 'RADIUS' WINDOW :- The bottom half of the window is rectangular
while the top is an arch or half-circle. Arch shaped windows bring a softness to a room
and juxtaposes the straight corners of rectangular windows and walls for a contrasting
effect. Arch windows can be operable to let in fresh air or fixed to only let in light.

31.  SKYLIGHT :- It is a window installed on the ceiling of a home, bringing in light and
views of the sky. Skylights are a great way to brighten up a space while ensuring privacy
such as bathrooms. They also are a great addition to rooms without outside facing
walls.
 In addition to reducing the need to use electric
lights, it can deliver warmth in the winter and
cooling in the summer, minimizing the need for
fuel-based heating and air conditioning. On winter
days, the sun’s radiant energy can shine through a
south- or west-facing skylight to warm interior
surfaces. And in the summer, a ventilating skylight
can promote air circulation by releasing the warm
air that naturally rises.
 The opening for the window is made by cutting
common rafters. The framework consist of
trimming pieces, curb frames, bottom rail and top
rail. The opening is treated with lead flashings to
ensure water proofing.
 Skylights may be plastic or glass, fixed or operable,
and made in any number of sizes and styles.