The document provides information about doors, including:
1) It defines doors and briefly discusses their history, from ancient times to modern automatic doors.
2) It describes the functional requirements, components, types, materials, and construction of doors. Components discussed include frames, shutters, hinges, locks, and other hardware.
3) It provides details on specific types of doors like swinging, sliding, folding, and overhead doors. It also discusses door materials like wood, metal, glass, and UPVC.
The document summarizes different types of windows, including fixed windows, pivoted windows, double-hung windows, sliding windows, casement windows, louvred windows, metal windows, bay windows, awning windows, and skylights. It describes the key characteristics of each window type, such as how they open/close, materials used, advantages, and common applications. The document also discusses window materials, fixtures and fastenings, and provides details on hinges, bolts, handles, locks and various material options like wood, aluminum, fiberglass and PVC.
The document discusses different types of wall panelling materials and their uses. It describes various panelling materials like wood, metal, acoustic and structural panels. Wood panelling provides insulation and decorative appearance. Panelling is used to cover walls for aesthetic purposes and can provide insulation, soundproofing and reduce construction costs. Common panelling materials mentioned include wood, metal, laminate and tileboard panels.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature. When used in buildings, glass is often of a safety type, which include reinforced, toughened and laminated glasses.
This document discusses partition walls, which divide interior spaces without carrying structural loads. It defines partition walls and lists their advantages such as dividing spaces, providing privacy, and being lightweight. It describes requirements for good partition walls and various types including brick, hollow block, concrete, glass, wood, strawboard, plaster, metal, and asbestos cement. Movable and portable partition walls are also discussed. Common applications include offices, schools, hotels, and event spaces.
Building Materials And Construction - steel interiorsDeepthi Deepu
This document discusses the use of steel and stainless steel in building construction. It provides details on:
- Steel is commonly used as the structural skeleton of buildings to hold everything up and together. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron and chromium that is corrosion resistant and attractive.
- Stainless steel has various properties including malleability, ductility, elasticity, hardness, and conductivity that make it useful for building interiors.
- Examples of interior uses of steel include ceilings, walls, kitchen interiors, flooring, furniture, staircases, and fireplaces. Various finishes can be applied to stainless steel like brushed, polished, patterned, and decorative finishes.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes factors to consider in door selection like strength, durability, and cost. It also outlines standard door dimensions and technical terms. The main types of doors covered include paneled doors, glazed doors, flush solid core doors, and specialized doors like swinging, sliding, folding, and fly-proof doors. Door materials include timber, plywood, glass, metal, and concrete. The document provides details on door frames, movement types, and optimal door locations within a building.
The document summarizes different types of windows, including fixed windows, pivoted windows, double-hung windows, sliding windows, casement windows, louvred windows, metal windows, bay windows, awning windows, and skylights. It describes the key characteristics of each window type, such as how they open/close, materials used, advantages, and common applications. The document also discusses window materials, fixtures and fastenings, and provides details on hinges, bolts, handles, locks and various material options like wood, aluminum, fiberglass and PVC.
The document discusses different types of wall panelling materials and their uses. It describes various panelling materials like wood, metal, acoustic and structural panels. Wood panelling provides insulation and decorative appearance. Panelling is used to cover walls for aesthetic purposes and can provide insulation, soundproofing and reduce construction costs. Common panelling materials mentioned include wood, metal, laminate and tileboard panels.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature. When used in buildings, glass is often of a safety type, which include reinforced, toughened and laminated glasses.
This document discusses partition walls, which divide interior spaces without carrying structural loads. It defines partition walls and lists their advantages such as dividing spaces, providing privacy, and being lightweight. It describes requirements for good partition walls and various types including brick, hollow block, concrete, glass, wood, strawboard, plaster, metal, and asbestos cement. Movable and portable partition walls are also discussed. Common applications include offices, schools, hotels, and event spaces.
Building Materials And Construction - steel interiorsDeepthi Deepu
This document discusses the use of steel and stainless steel in building construction. It provides details on:
- Steel is commonly used as the structural skeleton of buildings to hold everything up and together. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron and chromium that is corrosion resistant and attractive.
- Stainless steel has various properties including malleability, ductility, elasticity, hardness, and conductivity that make it useful for building interiors.
- Examples of interior uses of steel include ceilings, walls, kitchen interiors, flooring, furniture, staircases, and fireplaces. Various finishes can be applied to stainless steel like brushed, polished, patterned, and decorative finishes.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes factors to consider in door selection like strength, durability, and cost. It also outlines standard door dimensions and technical terms. The main types of doors covered include paneled doors, glazed doors, flush solid core doors, and specialized doors like swinging, sliding, folding, and fly-proof doors. Door materials include timber, plywood, glass, metal, and concrete. The document provides details on door frames, movement types, and optimal door locations within a building.
A door is a movable barrier used in buildings to provide access. Doors are held in place by a door frame. The earliest doors date back to ancient Egypt and were made of wood. Different types of ancient doors included those made of olive wood, elm, cedar, oak and cypress. Modern doors come in many styles and materials depending on their purpose and location within residential or commercial buildings. Common door types include French doors, sliding doors, bifold doors and flush doors.
Definition and function of Door
Location of door in a building
Components of a door
Sizes of doors
Door frames
Technical terms
Types of doors
Definition and function of Windows
Recommended Dimension for windows
Types of windows
Fixtures and Fastening
The document summarizes the key components used to construct an aluminum sliding window. It lists the materials needed including base channels, E-sections, angles, bearings, rubber strips, and glass. It then describes how these pieces fit together, with the bearing fitting into the channel section to allow the glass pane to slide horizontally. L-angles are used to join the bottom, sides, and top frame pieces together. Finally, holes are drilled to screw the completed window frame into the wall opening.
Aluminum sliding folding doors are stackable folding doors made of multiple aluminum panels. They slide and stack neatly to one or two sides, allowing for an unobstructed transition between indoor and outdoor areas. With up to 10 or 12 panels, large openings of multiple combinations can be easily managed. The doors are made of robust aluminum profiles for strength and rigidity, and use high-quality stainless steel and nylon rollers for easy gliding.
This document discusses different fixtures and fastenings used for doors and windows, including hinges, bolts, handles, and locks. It describes several types of hinges like butt hinges, back flap hinges, and parliamentary hinges. Common bolts mentioned are tower bolts and barrel bolts. The document outlines handle types like H-handles, round handles, and decorative handles. Lock types covered are mortise locks, pad locks, and rim locks. In summary, the document provides details on hardware components used to mount and secure doors and windows.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes 18 types of doors including battened and ledged doors, which are the simplest type using vertical battens and horizontal ledges. Braced and ledged doors add diagonal braces for increased strength. Framed and ledged doors improve on this with vertical styles. Panel doors consist of a frame with vertical styles and horizontal rails containing wood or other panels. Other door types discussed include glazed doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, and flush doors.
The document compares the properties of steel, aluminum, and PVC for doors and windows. Aluminum is lighter than steel but more difficult to weld. It is highly corrosion resistant and does not require painting. Aluminum doors and windows are made from extruded aluminum sections with channels and grooves for glazing. Different types of aluminum doors are described, including sliding doors, lift and slide doors, and casement doors. Aluminum windows come in fixed, sliding, stacking, and casement styles.
The document discusses doors and windows. It describes common materials used for door construction like timber, plywood, glass, metals and concrete. It outlines different types of door movements such as swinging, revolving, sliding, rolling shutter and folding doors. It also discusses window types including casement, sash, double-hung, louvered, pivoted and sliding windows. Finally, it covers locks, latches and modern door locks that use technologies like electronic and biometric locks.
This document provides information on doors and windows. It defines doors and windows, discusses their components like frames, shutters, and sizes. It then describes different types of doors like glazed, plastic, flush, louvered, collapsible, revolving, rolling steel, and sliding doors. For windows, it discusses considerations for size, shape, location and provides guidelines for window area based on room size and climate. It also lists common window types like casement, double hung, pivoted and sliding windows.
The document discusses different types of partition walls used to divide interior spaces in buildings. It describes timber stud, metal stud, drywall, glass block, and block partitions. Timber stud partitions can be plaster skimmed, dry-lined, or partially glazed. Metal stud partitions are lightweight but strong, consisting of a metal framework covered in plasterboard or fire-resistant sheeting. Glass block partitions are made of translucent glass blocks laid in mortar, sometimes with reinforcement. Block partitions are constructed from masonry blocks.
Glass as building material covered all the glasses with best and suitable examples
Please like share and subscribe to my Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUEYWPKaJItDDLpc-ZOl4w
Wall finishes are used to enhance the interior or exterior appearance of structures. Common wall finishes include paint, wallpaper, tiles, and panels made of materials like wood, stone and glass. Proper installation and maintenance of wall finishes is important. Various techniques are used for different types of wall finishes to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Common types of wall finishes mentioned are cement texture finish, plaster of Paris finish, gypsum plaster finish, glass mosaic finish, laminate finish and marble powder finish.
The document discusses different materials that can be used for false ceilings, including gypsum board, fiber, metal, wood, glass, synthetic leather/cloth, plaster of Paris (POP), gyptone, and PVC. Gypsum board is a preferred choice as it is lightweight, fire-resistant, sound insulated and affordable. Fiber, metal, wood and glass can also be used and provide benefits like being cheap, improving aesthetics, and insulating heat. Synthetic leather and cloth are used for temporary structures while POP, gyptone and PVC provide smooth finishes, acoustics, durability and long lifespans. False ceilings allow concealing fixtures and improving indoor comfort.
This presentation gives complete detail about the production, construction and applications with examples of different types of glass and polymers used in buildings
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
Aluminum composite panels are lightweight cladding materials consisting of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core. They are used widely in construction for facades, insulation, and signage due to properties such as resistance to weathering, maintenance-free durability, and ability to be formed into complex shapes. Aluminum composite panels are versatile, economical cladding options that can be installed to enhance the appearance and functionality of buildings.
Timber doors can be classified in several ways:
1) By construction - such as battened, ledged, braced, framed, panelled, glazed, flushed, louvered, wire-gauged doors.
2) By operation - such as hinged, sliding, folding, revolving doors.
3) By material - solid core, hollow core, cellular core flush doors.
Common door types include panelled doors made of wood frames enclosing timber, glass or louvered panels. Flush doors have a completely flat surface and can be solid core or hollow core varieties. Revolving doors have circular compartments that rotate around a central vertical axis.
Timber doors can be classified in several ways:
1) By construction - such as battened, ledged, braced, framed, panelled, glazed, flushed, louvered, wire-gauged doors.
2) By operation - such as hinged, sliding, folding, revolving doors.
3) By material - solid core, hollow core, cellular core flush doors.
Common door types include panelled doors made of wood frames enclosing timber, glass or louvered panels. Flush doors have a completely flat surface and can be solid core or hollow core varieties. Revolving doors have circular compartments that rotate around a central vertical axis.
A door is a movable barrier used in buildings to provide access. Doors are held in place by a door frame. The earliest doors date back to ancient Egypt and were made of wood. Different types of ancient doors included those made of olive wood, elm, cedar, oak and cypress. Modern doors come in many styles and materials depending on their purpose and location within residential or commercial buildings. Common door types include French doors, sliding doors, bifold doors and flush doors.
Definition and function of Door
Location of door in a building
Components of a door
Sizes of doors
Door frames
Technical terms
Types of doors
Definition and function of Windows
Recommended Dimension for windows
Types of windows
Fixtures and Fastening
The document summarizes the key components used to construct an aluminum sliding window. It lists the materials needed including base channels, E-sections, angles, bearings, rubber strips, and glass. It then describes how these pieces fit together, with the bearing fitting into the channel section to allow the glass pane to slide horizontally. L-angles are used to join the bottom, sides, and top frame pieces together. Finally, holes are drilled to screw the completed window frame into the wall opening.
Aluminum sliding folding doors are stackable folding doors made of multiple aluminum panels. They slide and stack neatly to one or two sides, allowing for an unobstructed transition between indoor and outdoor areas. With up to 10 or 12 panels, large openings of multiple combinations can be easily managed. The doors are made of robust aluminum profiles for strength and rigidity, and use high-quality stainless steel and nylon rollers for easy gliding.
This document discusses different fixtures and fastenings used for doors and windows, including hinges, bolts, handles, and locks. It describes several types of hinges like butt hinges, back flap hinges, and parliamentary hinges. Common bolts mentioned are tower bolts and barrel bolts. The document outlines handle types like H-handles, round handles, and decorative handles. Lock types covered are mortise locks, pad locks, and rim locks. In summary, the document provides details on hardware components used to mount and secure doors and windows.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes 18 types of doors including battened and ledged doors, which are the simplest type using vertical battens and horizontal ledges. Braced and ledged doors add diagonal braces for increased strength. Framed and ledged doors improve on this with vertical styles. Panel doors consist of a frame with vertical styles and horizontal rails containing wood or other panels. Other door types discussed include glazed doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, and flush doors.
The document compares the properties of steel, aluminum, and PVC for doors and windows. Aluminum is lighter than steel but more difficult to weld. It is highly corrosion resistant and does not require painting. Aluminum doors and windows are made from extruded aluminum sections with channels and grooves for glazing. Different types of aluminum doors are described, including sliding doors, lift and slide doors, and casement doors. Aluminum windows come in fixed, sliding, stacking, and casement styles.
The document discusses doors and windows. It describes common materials used for door construction like timber, plywood, glass, metals and concrete. It outlines different types of door movements such as swinging, revolving, sliding, rolling shutter and folding doors. It also discusses window types including casement, sash, double-hung, louvered, pivoted and sliding windows. Finally, it covers locks, latches and modern door locks that use technologies like electronic and biometric locks.
This document provides information on doors and windows. It defines doors and windows, discusses their components like frames, shutters, and sizes. It then describes different types of doors like glazed, plastic, flush, louvered, collapsible, revolving, rolling steel, and sliding doors. For windows, it discusses considerations for size, shape, location and provides guidelines for window area based on room size and climate. It also lists common window types like casement, double hung, pivoted and sliding windows.
The document discusses different types of partition walls used to divide interior spaces in buildings. It describes timber stud, metal stud, drywall, glass block, and block partitions. Timber stud partitions can be plaster skimmed, dry-lined, or partially glazed. Metal stud partitions are lightweight but strong, consisting of a metal framework covered in plasterboard or fire-resistant sheeting. Glass block partitions are made of translucent glass blocks laid in mortar, sometimes with reinforcement. Block partitions are constructed from masonry blocks.
Glass as building material covered all the glasses with best and suitable examples
Please like share and subscribe to my Youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUEYWPKaJItDDLpc-ZOl4w
Wall finishes are used to enhance the interior or exterior appearance of structures. Common wall finishes include paint, wallpaper, tiles, and panels made of materials like wood, stone and glass. Proper installation and maintenance of wall finishes is important. Various techniques are used for different types of wall finishes to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Common types of wall finishes mentioned are cement texture finish, plaster of Paris finish, gypsum plaster finish, glass mosaic finish, laminate finish and marble powder finish.
The document discusses different materials that can be used for false ceilings, including gypsum board, fiber, metal, wood, glass, synthetic leather/cloth, plaster of Paris (POP), gyptone, and PVC. Gypsum board is a preferred choice as it is lightweight, fire-resistant, sound insulated and affordable. Fiber, metal, wood and glass can also be used and provide benefits like being cheap, improving aesthetics, and insulating heat. Synthetic leather and cloth are used for temporary structures while POP, gyptone and PVC provide smooth finishes, acoustics, durability and long lifespans. False ceilings allow concealing fixtures and improving indoor comfort.
This presentation gives complete detail about the production, construction and applications with examples of different types of glass and polymers used in buildings
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
Aluminum composite panels are lightweight cladding materials consisting of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core. They are used widely in construction for facades, insulation, and signage due to properties such as resistance to weathering, maintenance-free durability, and ability to be formed into complex shapes. Aluminum composite panels are versatile, economical cladding options that can be installed to enhance the appearance and functionality of buildings.
Timber doors can be classified in several ways:
1) By construction - such as battened, ledged, braced, framed, panelled, glazed, flushed, louvered, wire-gauged doors.
2) By operation - such as hinged, sliding, folding, revolving doors.
3) By material - solid core, hollow core, cellular core flush doors.
Common door types include panelled doors made of wood frames enclosing timber, glass or louvered panels. Flush doors have a completely flat surface and can be solid core or hollow core varieties. Revolving doors have circular compartments that rotate around a central vertical axis.
Timber doors can be classified in several ways:
1) By construction - such as battened, ledged, braced, framed, panelled, glazed, flushed, louvered, wire-gauged doors.
2) By operation - such as hinged, sliding, folding, revolving doors.
3) By material - solid core, hollow core, cellular core flush doors.
Common door types include panelled doors made of wood frames enclosing timber, glass or louvered panels. Flush doors have a completely flat surface and can be solid core or hollow core varieties. Revolving doors have circular compartments that rotate around a central vertical axis.
This document discusses different types of doors, their components, materials, and mechanisms. It describes:
1. The main types of doors include wooden, metal, UPVC, framed and paneled, glazed or sash, flush, louvered, revolving, sliding, swing, collapsible, and rolling shutter doors.
2. Doors have various components like door frames, door shutters, rails, panels, and styles which form the basic structure.
3. The different materials used for doors are wood, metal, UPVC, and glass. Wooden doors are a premium choice but require more maintenance while metal doors are durable but can rust.
4. Doors are also
This document provides an overview of building construction materials with a focus on doors and windows. It discusses the definitions, components, sizes, types and selection criteria for doors and windows. For doors, it describes common types like framed doors, flush doors, and metal doors. For windows, it outlines fixed, sliding, pivoted, double hung and other types. Factors for selecting appropriate window types based on location, climate and other considerations are also summarized.
This document defines and describes different types of doors and windows. It begins by defining doors and windows as barriers secured in wall openings that provide access and admit air/light. Doors and windows consist of frames and shutters. The document then describes various door and window types based on their components, construction methods, operations, and materials. Common residential and commercial door sizes are also provided.
Doors and windows by G.NAGESH KUMAR Sr.Assistant Prof, G.P.R.E.C, Kurnool-7NAGESH KUMAR GUTURU
Door is a movable barrier used in walls to control access, ventilation, noise, and aesthetics. Common door types include hinged, sliding, revolving, and collapsible doors. Hinged doors have frames and panels or glazing and are the most common. Sliding doors move horizontally on tracks while revolving doors have four rotating wings. Collapsible doors act like steel curtains and roll up. Door size, material, and components can vary based on location and intended use.
The document discusses different types of doors and windows. It describes doors in terms of their components, sizes, frames, types and materials. The main types of doors covered are paneled doors, glazed doors, flush doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors and collapsible doors. It also discusses different types of windows like fixed windows. Rolling shutters are described as curtain-like doors made of thin steel sheets used for shops and warehouses. The document provides detailed information on specifications and uses of different door and window components.
This document discusses different types of doors and their components. It describes common door types like paneled doors, flush doors, louvered doors, and revolving doors. It also covers door frames made from various materials and sizes of doors used in residential and public buildings. Key door components are identified like door frames, shutters, rails, panels and different joint details.
This document provides definitions and information about doors and windows. It defines a door as an openable barrier secured in a wall opening. It then discusses door functions, common sizes, components like frames and shutters, and types including hinged, sliding, and collapsible doors. For windows, it discusses fixed, pivoted, double-hung, sliding, and casement windows, defining their characteristics and how they operate.
This document discusses doors, windows, and ventilation. It defines doors and windows, lists their common parts, and describes 10 types of doors and various types of windows based on use and materials. Windows allow light and air into a building, and at least 10% of the floor area should be openings for natural lighting and 5% for natural ventilation. The document outlines the process for fixing wooden doors and windows during construction and defines ventilation and ventilators.
This document discusses doors, windows, and ventilation. It defines doors and windows, lists their common parts, and describes 10 types of doors and various types of windows based on use and materials. Windows allow light and air into buildings. At least 10% of floor area should be openings for natural lighting and 5% for natural ventilation. The document outlines the process for fixing wooden doors and windows during construction and defines ventilation. Ventilators provide air flow and some natural light through smaller high/low openings. Various ventilator types are also described.
Doors and windows are moveable barriers secured in wall openings. There are many types of doors based on location, materials, operation, construction, and components. Common door types include hinged doors (battened, framed and paneled, glazed/sash, flushed), revolving doors, sliding doors, and swinging doors. Key factors to consider when choosing a door include the location/placement, type, style, size, extras, and hardware.
Chapter 6 doors, windows & ventilatorsKHUSHBU SHAH
This document provides information on doors, windows, and ventilators used in building construction. It defines doors and windows, discusses their functions, components, types, sizes and locations used in buildings. It describes different types of doors like revolving doors, sliding doors, swing doors, collapsible steel doors, rolling shutter doors and their components. Similarly, it discusses types of windows like fixed windows, pivoted windows, sliding windows, casement windows, glazed windows and their characteristics. Recommended dimensions for different types of windows are also provided.
The document discusses different types of doors. It defines a door and describes its main components like the frame, shutter, and materials used. It covers the functions, typical sizes and locations of doors. Several common door types are explained in detail, including hinged, paneled, glazed, flush, louvred, and revolving doors. Key points about each type's construction and typical uses are provided.
This document provides information about windows, doors, and ironmongeries used in construction. It discusses the most common types of windows, such as double-hung and casement windows. It also describes door types, including panel, flush, and batten doors. Additionally, it covers door and window frames, sashes, terminology, and basic ironmongery items like nails, screws, and hinges.
This document defines doors and describes different types of doors. It begins by defining a door as a movable barrier used for access through walls or partitions. It then provides guidelines for standard door heights and widths. The document discusses factors for determining door locations within a room. It describes several types of hinged doors including battened, framed and paneled, glazed/sash, flushed, louvered, and wire-gauge doors. It also briefly explains revolving, sliding, swinging, collapsible, and rolling shutter doors. For each type, it provides a short description of its characteristics and common uses.
Doors,Windows & Ventilator in Building ConstructionEr.Karan Chauhan
Doors, Windows & Ventilator is a part of building component which is allow to Air & light move & circulate inward & outward, with in door Human or any other material can be move inside or outside also. here types of doors & windows & ventilation are given with necessity of location, function etc.
This document discusses different types of doors. It defines a door as a movable barrier used for access through walls or partitions. Doors should be located near room corners for better movement and privacy. Common door types include hinged doors like battened, framed and paneled, glazed/sash, flushed, and louvered doors. Hinged doors require minimal maintenance. Battened doors use vertical boards fixed with horizontal supports. Framed and paneled doors are strong with continuous styles. Glazed doors admit light. Revolving doors provide simultaneous entrance and exit. Sliding doors use runners and guides. Collapsible doors are used in warehouses without frames. Rolling steel shutters are strong for garages.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
3. Door : solid barrier fixed to
frame in an opening in wall
to hinge ,pivot and slide
open or to close .it allow
access and exit from
buildings and between
rooms.
Door Definition
Reference : R.Barry .The construction of buildings
4. Door History
-The earliest records are those represented
in the paintings of the Egyptian tombs, in
which they are shown as single or double
doors, each in a single piece of wood.
(fake door represent agate to after life )
-The most ancient doors were in
timber, those made for King
Solomon's temple being in olive
wood).
From websites
5. -All ancient doors were hung by pivots at
the top and bottom of the hanging stile
which worked in sockets in the lintel and sill,
the latter being always in some hard stone
such as basalt or granite.
6. -The ancient Greek and Roman doors
were either single doors, double
doors, sliding doors or folding doors.
-The Greek scholar Heron of
Alexandria created the earliest known
automatic door in the 1st century AD
-The first foot-sensor-activated
automatic door was made in China .
7. Functional
Requirements
-Privacy and security
-Safety
-Ventilation and light
-strength and stability
-Climate Control
-Prevent spreading of fire
-Barrier to noise
-Aesthetic
-durability
Doors and windows are important
compositional elements in the
design of building façade.
Reference : R.Barry .The construction of buildings
8. Components of a Door
-Door
frame
(sub part )
-Door shutter
-(main part)
10. Door Frame
A door frame is made of timbers of sufficient cross section
to support the Wight of door and to serve as surround to
the door into which it closes .
The majority of door frames are rebated to serve as stop
for one way swing doors
-Width of door frame depend on thickness of wall
12. Most interior and exterior doors are
placed in a door jamb.
-The door jamb fits inside the rough
opening.
-Jambs may be wood or metal.
-A jamb consists of two side jambs and
a head (top part of frame ).
1-Door jambs and Head
Horn is the horizontal projections
of a frame
13. 2-Threshold
-Is the sill of a doorway, usually
used in external doors
-Found in different materials as like
tile ,wood, steel ,rubber
-covering the joint between
Two flooring materials
-providing weather protection
at the exterior doors
14.
15. 3-Doorstops (Rabbet)
Are simple parts used to
prevent a door from
coming into contact with
another object (typically a
wall).
Main function
Without the door stop
damage might be done to the
frame door or wall . They may
either absorb the force of a
moving door, or hold the
door in place to prevent
unintended motion.
16. Main function
Without the door stop damage might be done to the frame
door or wall . They may either absorb the force of a moving
door, or hold the door in place to prevent unintended
motion.
19. 4-Architrave
– These are the decorative moldings that are fixed to
the edge of the door lining, to cover the junction
between the lining and the wall, thus creating a good
decorative finish to the frame.
20. Door frame types
---Are assembled from three members for internal
doors
and four to most external doors .
----The members frame are usually cut with rebate
timber as door stop
because the frame carry weight of door by itself .
-----Members jointed to each other by mortice and
tenon joints
23. ---Metal frame are manufactured into one of three standard profiles
----The same profile is used for head and jambs of the frame
---Steel members are welded together at angles
----Two loose pin butt hinges are welded to one jamb of the frame .
28. -Common types of interior doors include:
Flush, panel, folding, sliding, pocket.
-Interior doors are protected from the weather so they
can be made of less-substantial materials than exterior
doors
Interior doors
Exterior doors
-Exterior doors are generally solid core and thicker than
interior doors.
-Exterior door styles include flush, panel, and
swinging or sliding glass doors.
Location
29. Types of Doors
Operation:
1-swinging.
2- sliding.
a-surface sliding
b- bypass sliding
c- pocket sliding
3- folding.
4- revolving.
5- overhead
6-coiling /rolling
7-collapsibale
According to:
30. 1-Swinging - Door normally turns on
hinges about aside
jamb when pushed or
pulled
-Require space around
doorway for door swing.
- Most convenient
operation for entry and
passage.
31. A- Bypass Sliding
Commonly used :
Exterior sliding glass door .
- door side on overhead track and long
track on the floor
- No operation space required but it is
difficult to seal against weather and
sound .-
offers access only trough 50% of
doorway width .
2-Sliding
32. B- Surface Sliding
Not commonly used.
-provide access through full width of door way
- No operation space
Required but is difficult to weatherproof .
-door hung on an exposed overhead track.
34. C-Pocket Sliding
Common use s:
Kitchen and dining room separation.
Office.
- Door slides on overhead track into
and out of recess within the width
of wall
- -doorway has finished appearance
when fully open
35. Automatic sliding door
-automatic sliding door systems
provide extensive convenience and
flexibility for effortless access
without contact with the door.
Providing beauty for elevation building
These doors are suitable for a wide
variety of building types, from
offices and residential buildings to
retail environments and transit
centers
38. 3- Folding
-Interior use
-hinged door panels fold flat against one
another when opened
1-bifold doors divide into two parts .
require little operating space . -are used
usaully to subdivide interior spaces .
39. 4-Revolving doors
-Maintain pedestrian traffic flow.
-prevents passage of cold or warm
air and noise.
-used typically as entrance door in
big commercial buildings
-accommodating traffic to2000
person per hour .-
- angle between panels 45 degree
in the four panels type
41. 5- Rolling door
Exterior uses
Garages ,shop..
-consist of horizontal interlocking metal
guided by a track on either side and
open by by coiling overhand.
-the door maybe operated by a chain
hoist or electric motor .
43. 6- Overhead door
-Exterior uses
Garages ,shop areas
-These doors are constructed of
one or several leaves of wood .steel
,aluminum or glass panels .
-Door Operated manually or by a
chain hoist or electric motor
45. :
-Such doors are used in
garages, workshops, public
buildings etc. to provide
increased safety and protection
to property.
-The doors do not require
hinges to close or open the
shutter nor the frame to hang
them.
7-Collapsible door
46. It should meet functional requirements of the room
-the door should not keep in the center of wall.
-preferably located at the corner of the room nearly 8-20cm from corner..
--
-Don’t put more than one door on the same wall at room
.
-dimensions of door depend on number of users for place ,
main function of space and Location.
-make swing door open to inside .
Design Notes
47. Types of doors
Matereial
Glazed doors Wood door Metal doors uPVC doors
• Framed
• Frameless
• Wood flush
door
• Wood rail &
stile doors
• Flush
• Glass
• Vision
• Narrow light
• Full-louvered
• Vision/louvered
50. Wood door
Matereial 1- WOOD FLUSH DOORS
FLUSH DOORS
A variety of flush doors are
manufactured with plain flush
faces both sides and
fibreboard facings press
moulded, often with
comparatively shallow
sinkings, to resemble the
appearance of panelled doors.
51. Types of flush doors:
1. Solid core.
2. Hollow core.
Solid core :
•door consist of the framework of vertical stiles and top rail
and bottom rail.
•The core consists of wooden strips (width not more than
25 mm) glued together under high pressure OR block
board or particle board.
•Plywood sheets /cross bands/face veneers are glued
under high pressure to the assembly of core on both faces.
•Such doors are quite strong but heavy and require more
material.
•Solid-core doors provide better sound insulation and have
less tendency to warp.
53. Hollow core:
The frame consists of styles, top rail,
bottom rail and two intermediate
rails, not less than 75 mm in width.
The space between the styles and
rails is filled by equally spaced
battens each of minimum width 25
mm, such that voids are equally
distributed and limited to 0.5 sq. m.
Plywood/veneers and cross bands
can be glued from both sides. The
thickness of plywood should not be
less than 6 mm.
55. Hollow core vs. Solid
core:
Weight
Strength
Noise
Cost
Solid core Hollow core
Heavier lighter
Stronger weaker
More expensive less expensive
Transmit and reflect transmit and reflect
Less noise more noise
57. Wood door
Matereial 1- WOOD FLUSH DOORS
French casement
The traditional form of first
floor window to many French
and northern Mediterranean
countries is in the form of a
timber framed door, fully glazed
as illustrated in Figure . The
door is made with vertical and
horizontal glazing bars as part
of the framing.
58. Wood door
Matereial 2- WOOD FLUSH DOORS
Solid panels – flush panels :
Solid panel doors are
constructed with panels as
thick as the stiles and rails
around them for strength,
security, aesthetics or
where the door acts as a
fire check door.
59. Wood door
Matereial Louvered doors
Solid panels – flush panels :
•A louvered door has fixed or
movable wooden louvers which
permit open ventilation while
preserving privacy and
preventing the passage of light to
the interior.
60. Wood door
Matereial 3- Batten doors (Matchboarded doors )
These doors are made with a
facing of tongued, grooved
and V-jointed boards that are
nailed to horizontal ledges,
braces between ledges or to
a frame. These relatively
crude doors are sometimes
described as ‘matchboarded’
doors because of the
comparatively thin boards
from which they are made
(also known as ‘cottage
doors’).
62. Wood door
Matereial 3- Batten doors (Matchboarded doors )
Ledged matchboard doors :
Ledged matchboard doors
are made by nailing
matchboards to horizontal
ledges, as illustrated in
Figure. The nailing of the
boards to the ledges does not
strongly frame the door,
which is liable to sink and
lose shape. This door is used
for narrow openings only.
63. Wood door
Matereial 3- Batten doors (Matchboarded doors )
Ledged and braced matchboarded doors:
Ledged and braced match
boarded doors are
strengthened against sinking,
with braces fixed between the
rails at an angle to resist
sinking on the lock edge . The
matchboarding is nailed to
ledges and braces.
64. Wood door
Matereial 3- Batten doors (Matchboarded doors )
Framed and braced matchboarded doors:
Framed and braced matchboarded
doors are made by nailing
matchboarding to a frame of stiles
and rails that are framed with mortice
and tenon joints with braces to
strengthen the door against sinking,
as illustrated in Figure.The boarding
runs from the underside of the top
rail, to protect the end grain of the
boards from rain, and is carried down
over both middle and bottom rails.
66. Wood door
Matereial
• There are three hardwood veneer grades:
premium, good, and sound.
• Premium grade veneers are suitable for natural,
transparent finishes.
• Good grade veneers are for transparent or paint
finishes.
• Sound grade veneers are for paint finishes only;
they require two coats to cover surface defects.
• Hardboard face panels are suitable for paint
finishes.
• High-pressure plastic laminates may be bonded to the
face panels.
• Flush doors may also be factory-finished partially with
a seal coat or completely including prefitting and
premachining for hinges and locksets.
Grades and Finishes
72. uPVC doors
Matereial
PVC is a common term for the product called Poly Vinyl
Chloride. It is basically a plastic material
• are available in the market in different colors and designs.
• The advantages of using PVC doors are that they are
termite proof, durable, anti corrosive, light weight, moisture
resistant etc. They are also easy to fabricate and install.
PVC door (Poly Vinyl Chloride)
73. uPVC doors
Matereial
• However they are not suited for entry doors as they are very
light in
weight, not weather proof like wooden or metal doors, also they
cannot resist the harsh environmental conditions.
• are available in the market and can prove to be economical
when
compared with wooden doors.
PVC door (Poly Vinyl Chloride)
74. Door Hardware
Hardware is the general term used for the hinges, locks, bolts,
latches and handles for a door. Ironmongery was a term used
when most of these were made of iron or steel. The term ‘door
furniture’is sometimes used to describe locks, handles and
levers for doors.
75. Hinges
Hardware 1- Pressed steel butt hinge
Corner provite w/ Bottom lock
Pressed steel butt hinges are the
cheapest and most commonly
used hinges. They are made from
steel strip, which is cut and
pressed around a pin, as
illustrated in Figure 8.51. They are
used for hanging doors,
casements and ventlightsز
76. Hinges
Hardware 2- Double pressed steel butt hinge
Double pressed, heavy, steel
butt hinges are made of two
strips of steel each folded back
on itself as a flap and pressed
and cut to form the knuckle
around the pin as illustrated in
Figure.
77. Hinges
Hardware 3- Steel skew butt hinge (rising butt hinge)
The bearing surfaces of
the knuckle of both flaps
of the rising butt hinge
are cut on the skew so
that as the hinge opens
one flap rises, as
illustrated in Figure. These
hinges are used for
hanging doors.
78. Hinges
Hardware 4- Tee hinge
Steel tee hinges, illustrated in
Figure , comprise a rectangular
steel flap and a long tail,or
hinge, which are pressed around
a pin as knuckles.These hinges
are made for use with
matchboarded doors.
79. Hinges
Hardware 5- Hook and band
This hinge is fixed in a housing in the
wood door frame and to the face of
the door. Hook and band hinges are
made of more substantial
thicknesses of steel than tee hinges
to support heavy wood doors.
80. Latches and locks
Hardware
The word lock is used to describe
any wood or metal device that is
attached to a door or window to
keep it closed.
The word latch is used to describe any wood
or metal device that is attached to a door or
window to keep it closed. These simple
devices serve the purpose of keeping the
door or window in the closed position. They
do not lock the door.
81. Hardware 1- Mortice lock
The mechanism most
used today for doors is
the mortice lock,so
called because the
metal case containing
the operating parts is
set into a mortice cut
in the door. Locks for
external doors and
internal doors, where
security is a
consideration.
Latches and locks
82. A striking plate is fixed over mortices
cut in the door frame to house the
two bolts. This plate is termed a
striking plate,
Single bolt mortice locks, which are
supplied for internal doors comprise a
case, for end and strike plate with
one latch bolt which is operated by
knobs or lever handles and a spindle.
83. Hardware 2- Mortice dead lock
A mortice dead lock
consists of a single bolt that
is operated by a loose key.
There is no latch bolt.
Latches and locks
84. Hardware 3- Cylinder rim night latch (springlatch)
A cylinder night latch is designed to
act as a latch from inside and a lock
from outside for convenience in use
on front doors. It is made as a rim
latch for fixing to the inside face of
doors (Figure ). This type of latch
offers poor security
Latches and locks
85. Rack bolt
Hardware
A rack bolt is a single
locking device used for
locking wood doors and
casement windows. It
consists of a cylindrical
case and bolt that is
fitted into a mortice cut
in the stile of doors and
casements of windows
as illustrated in Figure .
86. Automatic closers:
• Surface mounted: pushes or
pulls side of the door.
• Semi-concealed: concealed
in door head and attached to
the door surface.
• Fully concealed: concealed
within the door frame.
Hardware
88. KNOCKERS
Accessory
• MAIL BOXES
• EXPLAIN TYPE KNOCKERS FROM
THAT USE DIFFERENT MATERIAL
• HOW EFFECT
USE DIFFERNT
ON BEATUIFY
ELEMENT USES
• MINIMU HEIGHT
50 CM
89. EYE DOORS
Accessory
• THE HIRGHT EYE ON
LEVEL SEE PEOPLE
ALMOST (180 CM)
• MORE USES IN MODERN
HOUSE `
• EASY IN ACCESSE TO IT
FROM THAT USERS
• PEEPHOLES
• HIEGHT COST IN MARKET
BUILDING
90. DOOR CHAIN
Accessory
• MADE USE DIFFERENT
MATERIAL BUT
COMMON MATERIAL USE IN
JORDAN:
• - steel
• - copper
• MINIMUM HEIGHT 150-170 CM
92. DOOR BELL`
Accessory
• TWO CIRCLE .ONE CIRCLE BIg
represent frame circle from steel
or copper .and second circle
small frame steel
• MINIMUM HEIGHT 150 CM
93. THE DOOR STOPPER
Accessory
• A door stopper essentially
prevents a door from either
opening too wide, shutting
unexpectedly or holding it open
by sticking it to the wall behind.
The latter type also prevents the
door knob from regularly bumping
into
94. Panic bars
Accessory
• The anti-panic lever is an accessory
used with the evacuation doors for
large numbers of people. The anti-
panic levers may be adjusted to the
interior character and ensure safety
at the same time. It is necessary to
plan this element at the designing
stage because its width impacts
inside diameter of the whole door.
95. THE DOOR HOOK RAIL
Accessory
• Door hook rails and hangers are
clever little things that take care
of your keys`, photographs,
jackets, umbrellas, towels, shoes
and so much more
104. Construction
1. confirm the door location.
*Verify that the dimensions of the
openings areas specified in the drawings.
*Measure the door frame or sub frame to
verify that the frame of the correct size
2. align the door sub-frame against
the setting out lines.
1- Installing door sub-frame
for traditional system
105. 3. secure the frame temporarily
using timber wedges.
• Adjust the position of the wedges to obtain the
required vertical and horizontal alignment
4. fasten the frame in position
using approved wall plugs or
galvanized straps
Construction
1- Installing door sub-frame
for traditional system
106. 5. Grout the gap between the wall and the door
frame.
107. Construction
2- Installing main frame
1. Verify the dimensions
2.Where possible , the completed
set of main frame, architrave and
door panel should be delivered
directly to the unit where the door
is to be installed.
108. Construction
2- Installing main frame
3. Assemble the pre-cut
main frame using finishes
nails or screws if the frame
is not pre-assembled in the
factory.
4. Apply the bonding agent
evenly over the sub-frame and
the main frame.
It is recommended that silicon be
applied on the bottom edges of the
frame for better water resistance.
109. Construction
2- Installing main frame
5.Install the main frame
into the sub-frame
6.Secure the main frame
onto the sub-frame using
wave nails.
110. Construction
3- Installing door panel
(Hanging the door )
2. Check the door
alignment against the
opening.
3.Install the hinge
1. Select the door design.
111. * Install the hinge:
Construction
3- Installing door panel
(Hanging the door )
112. a door hinge is usually 12.5 cm
from the top and 25 cm from
the bottomof a door.
Construction
3- Installing door panel
(Hanging the door )
114. secure the architrave by nails.
Apply bonding agent to the
under side of the architrave.
Construction
4.Install the architrave
115. Door lock partsConstruction
5.Install the door lock.
Check and ensure the correct
type of lockes is used
After fixing the ironmongeries,
a simple functional test should
be conducted by closing and
opening the door. The
ironmongery should opreate
smoothly
116. Checklist for final inspection of the
door
• Consistent and neat joints.
• No visible gaps between door frame and the wall.
• Gap between door panel and frame should not
be more than 5mm.
• Alignment level with wall
• Door and frame corners maintained at right
angles.
• No stain marks and any visual damage.
117. Where Width in millimetre
Administration building 1100
Commercial building 1100
Public buildings
Less than (100) person
More than (100) person
1200
1800
Educational buildings
Less than (100) students
More than (100)students
1200
1800
Hospitals
• Where there is a need to move beds
• Other places
2400
1100
Residential buildings
• More than one family
• Just one family
1100
900
Industrial buildings 1100
Others 1100
Doors dimensions :
(minimum codes)
118. Number of doors needed in :
Usage Number
Administration
• Management
• Courts
A door for each 350m³
Commercial buildings
• Basements
• Other floors
• Storage
A door for each 120m³
A door for each 240m³
A door for each 400m³
Public buildings
• Meeting rooms with moving chairs
• Halls used often
• Handicap halls
• Librarys (reading rooms)
• Librarys (book shelfs)
A door for each 30m³
A door for each 65m³
A door for each 13m³
A door for each 180m³
A door for each 360m³
Educational buildings
• Classes
• Laps
A door for each 80m³
A door for each 190m³
Hospitals
• Sleeping area
• treatment area
A door for each 100m³
A door for each 300m³
Residintial buildings A door for each 750m³
Industrial buildins A door for each 750m³
Warehouses A door for each 1100m³
119. Where Distance Distance when there is an
automatic fire resistance
system
Administration building 60 90
Commercial building 30 45
Public buildings 45 60
Educational buildings 45 60
Hospitals 30 45
Residential buildings 30 45
Industrial buildings 25 30
Others 80 100
Longest way to an exit in meters :