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Types of window
The document describes different types of windows, including awning windows that swing outward, casement windows that are hinged on the side, single-hung and double-hung windows that have movable upper and/or lower sashes, picture windows that do not open, hopper windows that are hinged at the bottom and open inward, sliding windows, louvered windows, tilt and turn windows, bay windows that create a niche, bow windows that have a curved shape, garden windows that project from a wall, arch windows with a top half arch or circle, and skylights installed on ceilings.
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Types of window
- 1.
- 2. AWNING WINDOW. Isa type of window design that allows the window sash to swing outward rather than inward or up and down.
- 3.
- 4. CASEMENT WINDOW. Isa window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges. These are hinged at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside.
- 5.
- 6. SINGLE-HUNG WINDOW. Isa window with a fixed upper sash and a movable lower sash. The lower sash can be raised to allow a free flow of air, and the sash may also be designed to tilt so that it can be easily cleaned from the inside.
- 7.
- 8. DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW. Isa window that features an upper and lower window sash that slide vertically past one another in a single casement.
- 9.
- 10. PICTURE/FIXED WINDOWS. Arewindow designs that do not include any sashes or sections of the window that are configured to open and close.
- 11.
- 12. HOPPER WINDOW. Isa single style window similar to a casement window in that they both are hinged for opening, rather than slide open. It is hinged on the bottom and opens inward from the top.
- 13.
- 14. SLIDING WINDOWS. Arewindows constructed in a frame and installed so that they slide open and closed, as opposed to opening, in or out, on a hinge.
- 15.
- 16. JALOUSIES/LOUVERED WINDOWS. Aretype of window made of glass slats set in metal clips that can be opened and closed in unison.
- 17. TILT AND TURNWINDOWS. Are the pinnacle of fenestration technology for residential, commercial and institutional buildings. These windows offer dual-action convenience. They tilt-in at the top, and swing-in, along one side.
- 18. TILT AND TURNWINDOW
- 19. BAY WINDOWS. Arespecially designed windows which create a niche in a home filled with light. Typically, they highlight a stunning view such as the ocean or a sweeping meadow, and they are often designed with window seats so that people can sit in the windows and enjoy a book.
- 20. BOW WINDOW. Itis a variation of the bay window. This window is so named because it has a slightly curved shape, instead of the more angled shape of the bay window, and it looks like the curve of a drawn bow.
- 21. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BAYAND BOW WINDOW BAY WINDOW • A bay window is a 3 panel window that can be assembled with different combination of windows such as double hung, casement and stationary window and most of the cases a new roof needs to be framed because the unit sticks out from the house. • The flat front and the sides angled toward you house create a projection that can vary from 30 from 45 degrees angle. BOW WINDOW • A bow window also can be assembled with different combination of windows such as double hung, casement and stationary window and it has 3, 4, 5 or even 6 panels that split up the projection giving it a curved (bow) look. The project can vary from 10 to 15 degrees angle.
- 22. GARDEN WINDOW. Isa window that juts out, or projects, slightly from a wall in order to capture more sunlight. Some may have shelves and glass must be present on all sides, except for the bottom.
- 23. • In an'ARCH' OR 'RADIUS' WINDOW, the bottom half of the window is rectangular while the top is an arch or half-circle. Arch shaped windows bring a softness to a room and juxtaposes the straight corners of rectangular windows and walls for a contrasting effect. Arch windows can be operable to let in fresh air or fixed to only let in light.
- 25. • A SKYLIGHTis a window installed on the ceiling of a home, bringing in light and views of the sky. Skylights are a great way to brighten up a space while ensuring privacy such as bathrooms. They also are a great addition to rooms without outside facing walls.
Editor's Notes
- #3 Awning windows are a type of window design that allows the window sash to swing outward rather than inward or up and down. Once in common use in schools, manufacturing plants and some homes prior to the advent of air conditioning in those environments, the awning window is still sometimes utilized in the design for newer homes in temperate climates. The awning window may be operated with a hand crank or with the use of pull chains. In both cases, the windows normally involved large sashes that were composed of pane glass surrounded with metal framing. Depending on the application, the panes could be either large sections of glass that took up the entire frame, or a series of smaller panes encased within the structure of the frame. These examples of awning windows normally were operated with pull chains, since they tended to reach all the way to the tall ceilings of the day. When situated properly in the design, opening the windows could allow a cross current which helped to cool the interior. Many homes built in the 1940’s through the early 1960’s also made use of the awning window. In these instances, the panes were normally hinged at the top and made use of hand cranks to open and close the sashes. The hand crank made it possible to position the awning window sashes at any desired point, which meant the homeowner could retract the windows in the event of rain, but still leave them open to catch a breeze. When desired, the windows could be rolled out fully and allow a steady flow of fresh air into the space. As air conditioning systems became more common in both homes and public buildings, the awning window began to fall out of favor. Some home owners chose to replace the awning window with a more conventional up and down sliding style, noting that some designs of the awning window would eventually fail to close fully and inhibit the ability to heat the home during cooler months. Still, there are plenty of homes around today, especially in areas with moderate temperatures that feature the windows. The awning window is still available for new construction, as well as for replacing windows in older homes.
- #5 A casement window (or casement) is a window that is attached to its frame by one or morehinges.[1] Casement windows are hinged at the side. (Windows hinged at the top are referred to as awning windows. Ones hinged at the bottom are called hoppers.) They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside. Casement windows are often held open using a casement stay. In the UK, casement windows were the most common house window before the sash window was introduced, and usually contained leaded glass - glass panes held in place with strips of lead (called lead "cames"; leaded glass is not to be confused with lead glass, which refers to the manufacture of the glass itself).[2] These casement windows usually were hinged on the side, and opened inward. The windows were covered by functional exterior shutters, which opened outward. Variants of casement windows are still the norm in many European countries, such as Denmark and Sweden. They are opened with a crank, lever, or cam handle, which is placed around hand height or at the bottom and serves as a window lock.[3] A crank, stay, or friction hinge is necessary when the window opens outward, to hold the window in position despite wind. Often the glass panes are set in a rabbeted frame and sealed with beveled putty or glazing compound to secure the glass.
- #7 A single hung window is a window with a fixed upper sash and a movable lower sash. The lower sash can be raised to allow a free flow of air, and the sash may also be designed to tilt so that it can be easily cleaned from the inside. Double hung windows, in which both sashes are movable, tend to be much more common, but a few manufacturers still produce single hung windows in a variety of sizes and styles, and they can be used to replace existing windows or in new construction. People sometimes confuse a fixed window with a single hung window. A fixed window has a single pane of glass which is not movable. Fixed windows are used when it will not be necessary to open the window for ventilation, and they can provide more insulation from noise and the elements because they are more tightly sealed than a movable window. The big disadvantage to fixed windows, of course, is that they do not open to allow air into the room. Manufacturers produce single hung windows and accompanying frames which can simply be dropped into place, and it is also possible to purchase the windows as standalone items to fit in an existing frame. The primary advantage to this window design is that it can be significantly less expensive than a double hung window or other designs. The lower cost may be viewed as an acceptable tradeoff for some of the inconveniences associated with a single hung window. With a sing hung window, the outside of the fixed upper sash cannot be reached from the inside for cleaning, which can be inconvenient. On the ground level, it may be relatively easy to clean the window, but windows on higher floors necessitate access with a ladder. The fixed sash also limits options in terms of ventilation, as people cannot lower the upper sash to allow air to flow across the upper part of the room. A number of styles can be used for a single hung window. Some manufacturers create a mullioned style with multiple panes of glass in one or both sashes, to make the window more visually interesting. It is also possible to purchase double paned glass for extra insulation, which improves energy efficiency for the structure a window is installed in and cuts down on noise from the outside. Manufacturers are often willing to create custom single hung window designs and sizes by request.
- #9 A double-hung window is a window that features an upper and lower window sash that slide vertically past one another in a single casement. Perhaps one of the most traditional styles of windows, this type of window typically features the lower sash in front of the upper sash. Each sash may be a solid pane of glass or may be divided into separate lights by built-in muntins or for decorative purposes, may have a snap-in, removable grid to create the illusion of separate lights. A double-hung window is designed with two grooves in the side jambs that allow each window sash to slide separate from one another. Some have a full window screen, allowing for ventilation from the top or bottom of the window at any time, while others have only a half-screen that needs be positioned accordingly. The ability to have a ventilation area equal to half of the window’s total area is one reason the double-hung design is so widely used. This style of window is also a popular choice for replacement windows. It is valued primarily for its versatility. Some of the features that modern double-hung windows have include insulation for improved energy efficiency, tilt-in sashes that make cleaning the outside of the window easy, and UV protection. In addition to versatility, double-hung windows are also stylish. They are available in vinyl and wood casements and additional features, such as transoms, can be used with them. Additionally, a double-hung window can be arranged in different ways. Single window units can replace a worn out or dysfunctional window. In groups of three or more, double-hung windows fill larger wall space while maintaining the ventilation and versatility that are lacking in a picture window. The installation of a double-hung window is fairly quick and simple and can be done by both an experienced do-it-yourselfer or by a professional. A professional window company can typically replace all the windows of an average home in under two days time. While replacement windows of any kind will add value to a property, a double-hung window is almost a guaranteed value because it is both a stylish and functioning window.
- #11 Fixed windows are window designs that do not include any sashes or sections of the window that are configured to open and close. Windows of this type are often used in the designs of many different types of buildings, such as offices, courthouses, and houses of worship. There are also windows of this type that are sometimes used in the design of private residences. One of the more common varieties of the fixed window is known as the picture window. A window of this type is designed with a frame that matches the general elements of the room design itself. Featuring clear glass that makes it possible to view the exterior area, fixed windows of this kind are often strategically placed within a room design to allow people to enjoy the view while also enjoying the comfort of the climate controlled interior space. Fixed windows can come in many different sizes and shapes. For this reason, it is not unusual to see fixed windows in many houses of worship. It is possible to create a large fixed glass window design that incorporates the use of stained or tempered glass that helps to minimize the glare from the sun. Christian churches often feature large windows of varying shapes that depict scenes reminiscent of events recorded within the canon of Christian scripture, or some event that is relevant to a particular Christian denomination or tradition.
- #13 A hopper window is a single style window similar to a casement window in that they both are hinged for opening, rather than slide open. It is hinged on the bottom and opens inward from the top. Though these windows can come in a variety of sizes, they are a common style used in small areas and openings, such as basements and bathrooms. What makes the hopper window versatile for small spaces is the fact that they open completely. A smaller window occupies a limited amount of space already and those that slide open only allow half the area of the window to be used for ventilation. A hopper window, because the entire window opens from the top, allows ventilation through the entire surface area of the window. It is, therefore, commonly found in basements and in bathrooms where there is a window in the shower or tub area. Though less common, they are sometimes used above other, larger style windows. The hopper window features a hinged bottom and a locking mechanism at the top. There is a small, lever-style handle that is used to open and shut the window that also fits into the locking mechanism for security. Depending on the size of the window, security features are important because of the fact that the window is often at or close to ground level, making them easily accessible for intruders. Replacement hopper windows are readily available from both dealers and home improvement stores. The window is considered to be very energy efficient and provides maximum function compared to other models designed for small openings. One of its disadvantages is limited privacy. Window coverings such as blinds or curtains make the normal operation of a hopper window cumbersome, if not impossible. Alternatives to window coverings for a this style are privacy films and tinting. The hopper window accommodates a full window screen because the window opens inward, away from the screen. Casements include wood and vinyl, making them both decorative and practical for most all installations.
- #15 Sliding windows are windows constructed in a frame and installed so that they slide open and closed, as opposed to opening, in or out, on a hinge. Though the type that move up and down vertically are also technically a form of sliding window, this specific term is generally reserved for those that slide horizontally. Vertically-sliding windows are known simply as sash windows. Varying widely in size, large sliding windows can effectively function as doors or entryways. Sliding windows of all sizes are common around the world, and may be used in both residential and commercial applications. They are simpler and probably also an older design than sash windows. In fact, sliding windows likely provided the basis for the vertical design, which became popular in Europe in the 16th century, after the development of a counterweight system made them viable. Both vertical and horizontal designs, as they are known in the 21th century, were refined in England, and have changed little in their basic form for several hundred years. In some places, sliding windows are still referred to as Yorkshire sash windows, in reference to the British town where they originated. The most common type of sliding window consists of two panes of framed glass, known assashes, mounted and installed on parallel rails in a window frame. Generally, each sash can be slid past the other, though some cheaper models have one fixed sash, and only one movable one. More expensive versions sometimes tilt in or out, in addition to sliding back and forth. This allows for even greater modulation, for venting air. Other optional features common on sliding windows are a variety of frame finishes, insect screens, wooden grilles, and different kinds of glass. Optional finishes on the glass can be UV-protective, tinted, or shaded in some way to cut down on light and heat. The glass may also be tempered for extra strength, or be double-paned to improve insulation.
- #17 Jalousies are made of glass slats set in metal clips that can be opened and closed in unison. Also called a louvered window, a jalousie is made like a glass shutter. This type of window is manually rotated to open or close the overlapping panels as required, and can be opened by degrees to control how much air or light passes through. Jalousie windows are best suited for areas with year-round comfortable climates. They help cool a home, but are impossible to seal, making it difficult to keep heat and A/C air inside and extreme weather out.
- #18 Tilt and Turn (and tilt before turn) windows are the pinnacle of fenestration technology for residential, commercial and institutional buildings. Unlike most other styles, Tilt & Turn windows offer dual-action convenience. They tilt-in at the top, and swing-in, along one side. By allowing indirect fresh air while tilting-in, they eliminate drafts and increase comfort, and at the same time reduce safety and security issues associated with other types of open windows. In the swing-in mode, tilt and turn windows create a full opening for easy cleaning or emergency egress. Tilt and turn windows accommodate insect screens easily and provide sweeping unobstructed sightlines.
- #20 Bay windows are specially designed windows which create a niche in a home filled with light. Typically, they highlight a stunning view such as the ocean or a sweeping meadow, and they are often designed with window seats so that people can sit in the windows and enjoy a book. Bay windows are very common in Victorian architecture and some schools of modern design, and typically increase the value of a home. There are two basic styles for bay windows. In one case, the bay windows form a box which juts out from a house, and is often designed to be filled with plants or ornaments. Typically, the box is designed to start a little below head height, and is sometimes installed over a sink or in a kitchen to provide light and a view without disrupting the general shape of the house. This type of bay window is common in cheaper homes, or homes in developments which are built to a standard model, which would make building full bay windows inconvenient. In other cases, bay windows are designed as part of a floor to ceiling polygonal shape which actually creates a nook, and causes the floor plan to deviate. The most common shape for this style of bay window design is a trapezoidal shape, with the narrowest part of the trapezoid facing out. When full bay windows are installed, the resulting space can be used to display art, install awindow seat, or as a breakfast nook. Typically, the bay windows used to fill the space are very large, often covering almost the entire distance from floor to ceiling. The result is prolific natural light, which can be filtered or softened with window treatments. Bay windows are a great place for a reading area or art workspace, because of the large amounts of light that they admit. Full bay windows can contribute to the cost of building a home, because the irregular floor plan formed by the window installation represents more work on the part of the contractor. However, many home owners feel that they are worth it for the natural light and outdoor beauty that they bring in. When installing new bay windows in a home, try to think ahead about the view, because you do not want to find yourself staring at a neighbor's fence or an empty lot. Also be aware of the additional exposure which bay windows create, and try not to face them in public directions unless you enjoy being looked at.
- #21 A bow window is a variation of the bay window. Both types of window installations project outward from the flat surface of a wall, providing extra space and light. The bow window is so named because it has a slightly curved shape, instead of the more angled shape of the bay window, and it looks like the curve of a drawn bow (one used with arrows, not one used to top packages). There are many types of bow windows. Some of them use curved glass, which can be somewhat expensive to purchase and install. Others use panels of straight glass that create more of circular look than the average bay window. Typically three to six panels of glass are used, usually more panels with less width when the glass is not curved. Like the bay window, the bow window is a lovely piece of architecture, providing extra space, access to views, or great places for houseplants that need lots of light. When there is a splendid view to be enjoyed, many people add cushioned window seats below the glass sections. This can provide greater access to views and extra seating. When people look at these installations they may note that many of the windows do not open, usually especially the central window. If you’re considering adding a bow window to your home, you can find types that will allow some of the windows to open, usually the windows on either end of the bow. Using double paned glass is also an excellent idea to create better insulation in the home and reduce both heating and cooling costs associated with large amounts of window space in a home. Adding double-paned glass can increase energy efficiency in an older home with a bow window. As with any new building project, you are likely to need permits to add a bow window, and they can sometimes be difficult to get if the front of your home sits directly on a street. Since the window may overhang the street if it’s on a second or higher story, you may want to consider a flat window installation instead of the bow window type, especially if you want to add extra light and view to a room. When your home has a sizable front yard, it’s usually easier to get building permits to extend part of the home outward. When people own two-story or greater homes, or apartment buildings, they may add bow windows to several floors, each one stacked on top of another. In a one-story home, you have different options as to how to cover the extension. Semi-circular roofs are one way to go, while other people prefer to use glass above the bow to create yet more light or build a minigreenhouse. Hardware stores and specialists in home improvement have many options for creating bow windows that each dramatically differ from the others. A great place to start looking is at home improvement stores, to see what types of bow windows most appeal.
- #23 A garden window is a window that juts out, or projects, slightly from a wall in order to capture more sunlight. The concept is similar to that of a bay window, but on a slightly smaller scale. Some garden windows may have shelves. In order to be a garden window, glass must be present on all sides, except for the bottom. The concept behind a garden window is similar to that of greenhouse glass designs. Greenhouses capture the sun's energy through the use of glass or some other type of product to help produce plants. It allows for the efficient conservation of resources, such as lighting and space heating, that would otherwise need to be used to grow some plants in some areas. The purpose of a garden window is to bring some of that same technology to the home. While it may be possible to grow almost any plant in any window, garden windows are especially suited to the task simply because they allow more room to grow more things. While the plants must still be relatively small, like most houseplants are, garden windows offer more opportunities than traditional windows. The frame of the garden window often comes in a number of different options, the most common of these are vinyl and aluminum. Many companies recommend the vinyl frames simply because there is better thermal performance and greater resistance to condensation. Often, when the purpose of a garden window is to grow tropical plants, the temperature performance can be a very important consideration. To help protect a garden window, manufacturers also do not recommend the use of harsh chemicals or abrasive materials. The best way to clean and maintain the window is simply to use a warm soapy water mixture. This allows for safe cleaning and should keep the window working at peak performance many years into the future. A garden window can be installed in nearly any location, but many people tend to use them as kitchen windows or bathroom windows. This is simply a personal preference. Many also find use for them in living areas, or even the bedroom, if a curtain is attached to provide some privacy at times. While most homes do not come with garden windows, there are a number of different manufacturers of the windows in many different parts of the world, especially the United States. Most dealers will also take care of the installation. Most manufacturers will also have locations on their Web sites to help individuals find a dealer near them.
- #24 A popular way to enhance the design of an arch window is adding grids. Grids are bars that divide the windows glass into smaller panes for aesthetics. Grids are available in exterior and interior options to better simulate real divided lights, while internal grids facilitate glass cleaning. Explore Milgard arch windows by product line or frame material below.
- #26 Skylights are a great way to brighten up a space while ensuring privacy such as bathrooms. They also are a great addition to rooms without outside facing walls.