Design factors; Limitations; Modern trends; Electrical
Engineering Materials; Space factor; Choice of Specific
Electric and Magnetic loadings; Thermal Considerations;
Heat flow; Temperature rise; Insulating Materials; Properties;
Rating of Machines; Various Standard Specifications ;
Voltage Regulation and Control in Transmission LinesToshaliMohapatra
Voltage Regulation and Control in Transmission Lines includes: Importance of Voltage Control, Methods of Voltage Control, Shunt Compensator, Shunt Capacitor & Reactors, Series Compensator, Performance of Series and Shunt Compensators, Results Obtained from Graph, Synchronous Condenser, Tap Changing Transformer, Auto Transformer, Booster Transformer
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
SWICTH GEAR AND PROTECTION (2170906)
DISTANCE RELAY
• There are mainly Three types of distance relay
1) Impedance Relay
2) Reactance Relay
3) Mho Relay
Unit I: Introduction to Protection System:
Introduction to protection system and its elements, functions of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.
Relays:
Electromagnetic, attracted and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations of electromagnetic relay.
Unit-II: Relay Application and Characteristics:
Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relay, distance relays, differential relay.
Unit-III Protection of Transmission Line:
Over current protection, distance protection, pilot wire protection, carrier current protection, protection of bus, auto re-closing,
Unit-IV: Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc, arc extinction theories, re-striking voltage transient, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitive current interruption, short line interruption, circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification, testing station and equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.
Unit-V Apparatus Protection:
Protection of Transformer, generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes, selection of circuit breakers, constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, Air Blast, SF6, Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
Design factors; Limitations; Modern trends; Electrical
Engineering Materials; Space factor; Choice of Specific
Electric and Magnetic loadings; Thermal Considerations;
Heat flow; Temperature rise; Insulating Materials; Properties;
Rating of Machines; Various Standard Specifications ;
Voltage Regulation and Control in Transmission LinesToshaliMohapatra
Voltage Regulation and Control in Transmission Lines includes: Importance of Voltage Control, Methods of Voltage Control, Shunt Compensator, Shunt Capacitor & Reactors, Series Compensator, Performance of Series and Shunt Compensators, Results Obtained from Graph, Synchronous Condenser, Tap Changing Transformer, Auto Transformer, Booster Transformer
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
SWICTH GEAR AND PROTECTION (2170906)
DISTANCE RELAY
• There are mainly Three types of distance relay
1) Impedance Relay
2) Reactance Relay
3) Mho Relay
Unit I: Introduction to Protection System:
Introduction to protection system and its elements, functions of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.
Relays:
Electromagnetic, attracted and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations of electromagnetic relay.
Unit-II: Relay Application and Characteristics:
Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relay, distance relays, differential relay.
Unit-III Protection of Transmission Line:
Over current protection, distance protection, pilot wire protection, carrier current protection, protection of bus, auto re-closing,
Unit-IV: Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc, arc extinction theories, re-striking voltage transient, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitive current interruption, short line interruption, circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification, testing station and equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.
Unit-V Apparatus Protection:
Protection of Transformer, generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes, selection of circuit breakers, constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, Air Blast, SF6, Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
The inverter is a static device. It can convert one form of electrical power into other forms of electrical power. But it cannot generate electrical power. Hence the inverter is a converter, not a generator.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Ekeeda Provides Online Electrical and Electronics Engineering Degree Subjects Courses, Video Lectures for All Engineering Universities. Video Tutorials Covers Subjects of Mechanical Engineering Degree.
Three Point Starter: Diagram and Working PrincipleDr.Raja R
Three Point Starter: Diagram and Working Principle, Construction of 3 Point Starter, Working of Three Point Starter, Working of No Voltage Coil of 3 Point Starter, Drawbacks of a Three Point Starter
This is the presentation I gave during my seventh semester of Electrical Engineering course at NIT Durgapur. It is here for you guys. Make life easier. Cheers! For more information mail me: sdey.enteract@gmail.com
The inverter is a static device. It can convert one form of electrical power into other forms of electrical power. But it cannot generate electrical power. Hence the inverter is a converter, not a generator.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Ekeeda Provides Online Electrical and Electronics Engineering Degree Subjects Courses, Video Lectures for All Engineering Universities. Video Tutorials Covers Subjects of Mechanical Engineering Degree.
Three Point Starter: Diagram and Working PrincipleDr.Raja R
Three Point Starter: Diagram and Working Principle, Construction of 3 Point Starter, Working of Three Point Starter, Working of No Voltage Coil of 3 Point Starter, Drawbacks of a Three Point Starter
This is the presentation I gave during my seventh semester of Electrical Engineering course at NIT Durgapur. It is here for you guys. Make life easier. Cheers! For more information mail me: sdey.enteract@gmail.com
insulators, conductors, transformer and ac motorsChippa Srikanth
it is basic to know of insulator conductor, transformer and ac motors. it is very useful to all electrical engineers. it is not only for engineers it is easily under standed by every one.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. What is a Transformer?
• A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical
energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic
induction.
• Power can be transferred between the two coils through the
magnetic field, without a metallic connection between the two
circuits.
5. Concentric windings
• The windings are used for core type transformers.
• Each limb is wound with a group of coils consisting of both
primary and secondary turns which may be concentric
cylinders.
• The l.v. winding is placed next to the core and h.v. winding on
the outside.
• But the two windings can be sub-divided, and interlaced with
high tension and low tension section alternately to reduce
leakage reactance.
6.
7. Cross-over windings.
• Cross-over windings are used for currents up to 20 A so they are
suitable for h.v. winding of small transformers.
• The conductors are either cotton covered round wires or strips
insulated with paper.
• Cross-over coils are wound over formers and each coil consists of a
number of layers with a number of turns per layer. The complete
winding consists of a number of coils connected in series.
• Two ends of each coil are brought out, one from inside and one from
outside. The inside end of a coil is connected to the outside end of
the adjacent coil.
8. Helical winding
• A helical winding consists of rectangular strips wound in the form of
a helix.
• The strips are wound in parallel radially and each turn occupies the
total radial depth of winding.
• Helical coils are well suited for l.v. windings of large transformers.
• They can also be used for h.v. windings by putting extra insulation
between layers in addition to insulation of conductors.
9. Continuous disc winding.
• This type of winding consists of a number of flat strips wound spirally from
inside (radially) outwards.
• The conductor is used in such lengths as are sufficient for complete
winding or section of winding between tapings.
• The conductor can either be a single strip or a number of strips in parallel,
wound on the flat. This gives a robust construction for each disc.
• The discs are wound on insulating cylinders spaced from it by strips along
the length of cylinder.
• The discs are separated from each other with press board sectors attached
to the vertical strips. The vertical and horizontal spacers provide ducts for
free circulation of oil which is in contact with every turn.
10. Sandwich coils
• Sandwich coils are employed in transformers of shell type.
• Both high and low voltage windings are split into a number of
sections. Each high voltage section lies between the voltage sections.
• The advantages of sandwich coils is that their leakage can be easily
controlled and so any desired value of leakage reactance can be had
by the division of windings.