The document defines different types of phrases and clauses that make up sentences, including phrases, independent clauses, and dependent clauses. It also describes the four types of sentences by function: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Additionally, it outlines different sentence structures such as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are provided as examples of how clauses and sentences can be joined.

1. Function and Structure

2. Phrase: a collection of words that may have nouns or
verbals, but it does not have a subject doing a verb.
…broken into thousands of pieces.
Because of her glittering smile….
Sentence: A complete sentence has a subject and predicate,
and can often be composed for one or more clauses.
“You ate fish.”
He went out to dinner but didn’t enjoy the meal.”

3. Dependent clause: It has subject and predicate but does
not express a complete thought.
…although she didn’t want to come.
Independent cluse: It consits of a subject and predicate
and has a complete thought.
My favorite sport is soccer.

4. Coordinating Conjunctions
 Or Coordinators: join words,
phrases or independent
clauses.
 Ex: for, and, not, but, or, yet,
so.
Subordinating Conjunctions
 Or Subordinators: join
dependent clauses to main
clause (independent clauses)
 Ex: although, because, if,
before, after, since, when, once,
since, until, when, as son as,
wheter, even if, even though,
unles, so that.

5. By function
By structure

6. Declarative: A sentence that makes a statement.
The dog is big.
Ingerrogative: Sentences to make questions.
Are you at home in this moment?
Imperative: Sentences to make commands or requests.
Be quiet! – Please close the door.
Exclamatory: It expresses emotion or excitement.
That was awsome! – You’re great!

7. Simple Sentence: only one independent clause with subject
and predicate expressing a complete thought.
Examples:
Jhon and Ben studied for a difficult test.
The small dog is noisy.
The Singer and her father performed a great song
yesterday.

8. Compound Sentence: At least two independent clauses,
joined by coordinating conjunctions which are separated
by commas, except in very short sentences. There are no
dependent clauses in it.
Examples:
Drake wants to drive, but he has no driver license yet.
Cats are deemed to be a good companion by many, yet dogs
are still considered to be man’s best friend.

9. Complex Sentences: One dependent clause and at least
one dependent clause joined by a subordinating
conjunction or relative pronoun.
Examples:
Linda prepares lunch while Max plays videogames.
People is buying gifts because Christmas is comming soon.
When the clock struck 9 last night, my friends left my
house.

10. Compound – Complex Sentences: At least two independent
clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Examples:
I like sports but my sister likes cooking because she wants
to be a chef.
The doctor attends to the sick infant while a nurse helps
him and an attendant waits for his instruction.
Independent
Dependent

11. https://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/s
entence-structure--part-4----sentence-types
http://studyandexam.com/sentence-types.html
http://www.worldenglishclub.com/kinds-of-sentences-
according-to-structure