The document presented by Mr. James Alexander M. Deza outlines the basics of sentence structure and types in English grammar. It categorizes sentences according to their use (declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory) and structure (simple, compound, complex, and complex-compound), providing definitions and examples for each category. Additionally, it includes activities for analyzing and identifying different types of sentences.

1. ENGLISH 8
GRAMMAR
PRESENTED BY:
Mr. James Alexander M. Deza
Subject Teacher

2. SENTENCE

3. SENTENCE
 a SENTENCE is a group of related words
expressing a complete thought
 it has a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE
Example: subject
predicate
owns a beautiful car.
Jack

4. KINDS OF
SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO USE

5. KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO
USE
1. Declarative Sentence (a
statement)
2. Impérative Sentence (a command)
3. Interrogative Sentence (a question)
4. Exclamatory Sentence (an exclamation)

6. 1. DECLARATIVE SENTENCE
 A declarative sentence is a sentence that
states a fact. Such sentences are simple
statements.
 They state, assert or declare something.
Examples:
Diego falls in love for the first time.
Chrysanthemum is the national flower of Japan.
The army declared a war.
It states
factual
information
& ends with
a period
 ends with a period

7. 2. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
 An imperative sentence gives a
command, makes a request, or express a
wish.
Examples
:
Go to your room.
Please lend me your pen.
Have a nice day today.
an
order
a
request
a wish
 ends with a period

8. 3. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
An exclamatory sentence expresses
sudden and strong feelings, such as
surprise, wonder, pity,
sympathy, happiness or gratitude.
Examples
:
Oh What a shame!
My phone is broken!
I can't believe it!
 it end with an exclamation point
expresses
emotion &
ends with
an
exclamation
point

9. 4. Interrogative sentence
 An interrogative sentence asks a question.
Examples
: Which do you prefer? Water or coffee?
Is he talking to you?
Would you like to watch some movie?
Asks
question
& ends
with a
question
mark
 ends with a question mark

10.  A sentence may consist of one
clause
 An independent clause is also called main clause
and a dependent clause is also called subordinate
clause.
(independent
clause)
(independent and
dependent clauses)
or more
clauses.

11. Kinds of
Sentences
According to
Structure

12.  On the basis of numbers of clause and types of
clauses present in a sentence, sentences are
divided in to four kinds.
a. Simple Sentence
b. Compound Sentence
c. Complex Sentence
d. Complex-compund Sentence
What are their
differences?

13. a. Simple Sentence
 A simple sentence consists of only one
independent clause containing a subject and
a verb and it expresses complete thought.
 There is no dependent clause.
 An independent clause (also called main clause)
is called a simple sentence.

14. Examples of simple
sentence
Grey
.
is ours.
You
She
is working on his project.
will not be coming.
That house
are so cool.
These yellow ones are the
SUBJECTS
These blue ones are the
PREDICATES

15. B. COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence consists of at least
two independent clauses joined by
coordinating conjunctions.
There is no dependent clause in compound s
Independent clauses can also be joined by
a semicolon (;).
A comma may or may not be used before the
conjunction in compound sentence.
some
coordinating
conjunctions
are:
for, and, nor,
but, or, yet,
so

16. Exampl
es:
I like an apple
I helped him
He failed two times
I asked him a question
but my brother likes a mango.
and he became happy.
yet he is not disappointed.
; he replied correctly.
Sentences are
separated by
coordinating
conjuctions

17. C. COMPLEX SENTENCE
 A complex sentence consists of
one independent clause and at least one
dependent clause joined by
subordinating conjunction or
relative pronoun.
 that, who, which, whose, whom
etc.
 because, although, since,
when, unless etc.

18. You can’t pass the test unless you study for it.
Examples:
I met the boy who had helped me.
She is wearing a shirt which looks nice.

19. If a complex sentence begins with an independent
clause, a comma is not used between clauses in a
complex sentence.
If a complex sentence begins with dependent clause
then a comma is use after dependent clause in a complex
sentence.
Examples:
He is playing well although he is ill.
Although he is ill, he is playing well.

20. D. COMPLEX - COMPOUND
SENTENCE
 A complex-compound sentence consists
of at least two independents and one or
more dependent clauses.
 It is also sometimes called compound-
complex Sentence.

21. Example
s:
He went to college and I went to a market where I
bought a book.
I like Mathematics but my bother likes Biology
because he wants to be a doctor.
In the first sentence of above, there are two
independent clauses-“he went to college” and “I went
to a market”, and one dependent clause “where I
bought a book”.

22. SUMMARY
 a sentence is a group of words expressing a complete though
 the four types of sentence according to use are:
declarative, interrogative, imperative and
exclamatory.
the four types of sentence according to structure are:
simple, compound, complex and complex-compound.

23. Activity #1
kinds of sentences according to use
Write each sentence and decide if it is a declarative,
exclamatory, interrogative or imperative.
1.Take out the trash.
2.My house is just around the corner.
3.Can you come over after school today?
4.I saw a shooting star!
5.I admire Jack.

24. ACTIVITY #2
KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING STRUCTURE
Analyze the following sentences. Identify which are
simple, compound and complex sentences, and also
the coordinating and subordinating words.
1. The writer of the book thinks that people on welfare are
sometimes stigmatized in society.
Sentence type:
Coordinating / subordinating words:

25. 2. Many citizens are dissatisfied with the government as they are
experiencing unprecedented economic difficulties.
Sentence type:
Coordinating / subordinating words:
3. University chiefs these days spend much of their time on fund-
raising and publicity activities.
Sentence type:
Coordinating / subordinating words:

26. 4. Students need good time management at university since
they have numerous classes to attend and extra-curricular
activities to take part in.
Sentence type:
Coordinating / subordinating words:
5. I queued for over an hour at the counter but still could not
get a ticket.
Sentence type:
Coordinating / subordinating words:

27. The end of presentation

28. References:
http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/rareer/
english-resources/sentence-type-
exercises-and-quizzes
http://www.studyandexam.com/
sentence-types.html
Handbook to Better English
by World Marketing
Corporation