This document discusses different types of sentences and clauses. It defines four types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It also defines two types of clauses: independent and dependent clauses. Finally, it discusses three types of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions.

1. Types Of Sentences.
Types Of Simple Sentences.
Clauses.
Conjunctions.
PRESENTED BY :
FAHEEM ULLAH

2. Types OF Sentences.
 Sentence:
Group of words or a single word which gives
complete sense.
 A Sentence is a grammatical unit of one or more words
that starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop or
its equal (! or ?)

3. Kinds of sentences:
 Sentences are classified into Four Types on the basis of
their structure.
1. Simple Sentences.
2. Compound Sentences.
3. Complex Sentences.
4. Compound Complex Sentences.

4. i. Simple Sentences :
 A sentence which has one subject followed by a finite verb in the
predicate part is called Simple Sentence.
 SUBJECT + PREDICATE

5. Examples Of Simple Sentences.
 The Earth moves round the sun.
 Dogs bark.
 The baby cried for milk.
 Ali bought a car.

6. ii. Compound Sentences :
A sentence in which two or more than two Main Clauses (
i.e. Independent Clauses) are joined by co-ordinating conjunction
is called Compound Sentences.
 Co-ordinating Conjunctions ( FAN BOYS)

7. Examples Of Compound
Sentences
 The boy entered the room and came out after ten
minutes.
 He worked hard, but failed the examination.
 I waited for the bus, but it was late.
 Study hard, otherwise you will fail.

8. iii. Complex Sentences :
A Sentence which consists of a Main Clause ( an Independent Clause)
and one or more Subordinate Clause ( Dependent Clause) is known as
Complex Sentences.
 The Dependent Clause is introduced by Subordinate Conjunctions(after,
as, because, before, if, until, while etc) or Relative Pronouns (who, that,
whom, whose, which).
 Independent Clause dependent Clause.
 Dependent Clause, Independent Clause.

9. Examples Of Complex Sentences.
 We won the game because we worked together as a
team.
 Doctors claim that cancer is curable.
 The teacher punished the student who told a lie.
 Thieves left the place as soon as they saw the police.
 Although I broke my arm, I still cheered for my team from
the sidelines.

10. Compound Complex Sentences:
 A compound-complex sentence consists of two Main
(Independent) Clauses and at least one Subordinate
(Dependent) Clause.
Examples.
 After the two soccer players lost their game, they joined their
other teammates for lunch, and they went to the movies.
 The man believed in the system, and he knew that justice would
prevail after the murderer was sent to jail.
 The team captain jumped for joy, and the fans cheered because
we won the Champion Trophy.

11. Cont.
 After the teacher choose groups, Hassan and Moeez
were selected as partners for a project, yet Hassan did
most of the work.
 Though Hassan prefers watching comedy films, he
rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very much.
 Before Ayesha called me, she called her mom, and her
mom asked her to babysit her brother.
 Miniha forgot her friend’s birthday, so she sent her a card
when she finally remembered.

12. Types of simple sentence:
 Declarative sentences
 Interrogative sentences
 Exclamatory sentences
 Imperative sentences

13. Statement/declarative sentence:
We use it to make statements.
Examples:
 Dinosaurs lives millions of years ago.
 This is my favourite movie.
This is
my dog.

14. Question/interrogative sentences:
When we ask a question, we use interrogative sentence.
Interrogative sentences end at question mark sign(?)
Examples:
 Would you like some coffee?
 Do you like butter?
Who was
Ibrahim
Lincoln?

15. Exclamation/exclamatory sentences:
An exclamatory sentence makes a statement but it also
conveys excitement or emotion.
It always ends at (!)
Exclamatory in function:
Sentence that are exclamatory in function simply end with
exclamation sign.
Examples:
 I love that movie!
 I can't wait to go to village!

16. Exclamatory in form:
Sentences that are exclamatory in form starts with what or
how, are not interrogative, and have a shift in the typical
word order.
Examples:
 What big ears you have!
 What a crowd!
What big
eyes you
have!

17. Command/imperative sentences:
It is used to give order to someone.
 The subject of every single command is the speaker.
Examples:
 Show me the money.
 Mom, give me my present.
Get
back to
work.

18. Clause:
 A word or group of words that contains a subject and
verb and is used as part of sentence or a sentence it self.
Examples:
 The aurther, whom I meet at the book signing, was very
graceful.
 I think that you have made a mistake.
 Before we leave our road trip, we have to check the map

19. Types of clauses:
There are two types of clauses.
1. Independent clauses.
2. Dependent clauses.

20. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES:
 Independent clauses or main clauses is that clause which express a
complete meaning and can stand by itself as a sentence.
Examples:
1. I saw a man who was crying.
2. The professor asked many questions who had no one could answer.
3. I met a friend who helped me a lot.
4. Although I generally prefer cats, I also like dogs.
5. Ali will meet you after he finishes his studying

21. DEPENDENT CLAUSES:
 Dependent clauses or subordinate clauses is that clauses
which cannot express a complete meaning and cannot
stand as a complete sentence by itself.
 These clauses started with subordinating conjunctions.
After
As
Although
Because
Before
Which
Until
Unless
Where
How
If
Since
Then
That
When
Whom
Who
Whose

22.  Examples:
1. We meet a man who could speak many languages.
2. She love his son, who never tells a lie.
3. I need to take a nap because I only got four hours to
sleep last night.
4. We have to help with dinner when Mom and Dad come
home.
5. If we go to the movies tonight, do you want to see
a scary film?

23. NOUN CLAUSES:
 A group of words which contain a subject and a predicate
of its own and does the work of a noun.
 Examples:
1. Whoever wants to go fishing should come with us.
2. I was wondering about what time we should leave.
3. In class, we learned how bats use sonar to locate objects.
4. Ali’s biggest fear is that he will trip onstage.
5. I thought that it would be a fine day.

24. ADJECTIVE CLAUSES:
 A group of words which contain a subject and a predicate
of its own and does the work of an adjective.
 Examples.
1. The person who took my orders forgot to bring me my
drink.
2. This is the track where we like to go running.
3. Fruits that is grown organically is expensive.
4. Students who are intelligent get good grades.
5. The kids who were called first will have the best chance of
getting seat.

25. ADVERB CLAUSES:
 A group of words which contain a subject and predicates of its own
and does the work of adverb.
Examples:
1. I will stay at the home until you arrive.
2. When they arrived at the station, they ran to get the train.
3. The movie was better then I expected it to be.
4. Because we brought the items on sale, we got a really good deal.
5. If Ali wants to come along, he can meet us at the theater.

26. Conjuntion:
The conjunction is the part of speech used as a “joiner” for
words, phrases, or clauses in a particular sentence. It links
these words or groups of words together, in such a way
that certain relationships among these different parts of
the sentence will be established, and the thoughts that all
of these convey will be connected.
Examples:
 Both my brother and my father are lawyers.
 Most children like cookies and milk.

27. Types of cunjunctions:
There are three types of conjunctions:
 Coordination conjunctions
 Subordination conjunctions
 Correlative conjunctions

28. Coordinating cunjunction:
The main function of coordinating conjunctions is to join
words, phrases, and clauses together, which are usually
grammatically equal.
We can memorize it by mnemonic FANBOYS.
Examples:
 Pizza and burgers are my
 favourite snacks.
 You can eat your cake with a
spoon or fork.

29. Subordinating conjunctions:
 This type of conjunctions is used in linking two clauses
together.
List of Common Subordinating Conjunctions:
 while
 as soon as
 although
 before
 even if
 because
 no matter
how
 whether
 wherever
 when
 until
 after
 as if
 how
 if
 provided
 in that
 once
 supposing
 while
 unless
 in case
 as far as
 now that
 as
 so that
 though
 since
▪ examples
▪ It is so cold outside, so I brought you a jacket.
▪ Because it is so cold outside, I brought you a jacket.

30. Correlant cunjunctions:
 The correlative conjunctions are simply pairs of conjunctions
which are used to join equal sentence elements together.
List of Common Correlative Conjunctions:
 either… or
 neither… nor
 not only… but also
 both… and
 whether… or
 so… as
Examples:
 Both my brother and my father are lawyers.
 I can’t decide whether I’ll take Chemical Engineering or take
Medical Technology in college.