A wide band Microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku band applications with defected groundd structure. A circular shape defect is integrated in the ground plane. A novel equivalent circuit model is proposed for Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure. Accurate design equations are presented for the wideband Microstrip antenna and theoretical analysis is done for the proposed structure. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 56.67% ranging from 9.8 GHz to 17.55 GHz, which covers Ku-band and partially X-band. The antenna shows good radiation characteristics within the entire band, and has a gain ranging from 5 dBi to 12.08 dBi. Minimum isolation between co-polar and cross-polarization level of 20 dB and 15 dB is achieved in H-plane and E-plane respectively. The simulation of the proposed antenna is done on HFSS v.13, and measured results of fabricated antenna are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulated results
Microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku band applications with defected groundd...AKSHAT GANGWAR
A wide band Microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku band applications with defected groundd structure. A circular shape defect is integrated in the ground plane. A novel equivalent circuit model is proposed for Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure. Accurate design equations are presented for the wideband Microstrip antenna and theoretical analysis is done for the proposed structure. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 56.67% ranging from 9.8 GHz to 17.55 GHz, which covers Ku-band and partially X-band. The antenna shows good radiation characteristics within the entire band, and has a gain ranging from 5 dBi to 12.08 dBi. Minimum isolation between co-polar and cross-polarization level of 20 dB and 15 dB is achieved in H-plane and E-plane respectively. The simulation of the proposed antenna is done on HFSS v.13, and measured results of fabricated antenna are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulated results
Microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku band applications with defected groundd...AKSHAT GANGWAR
A wide band Microstrip antenna is proposed for Ku band applications with defected groundd structure. A circular shape defect is integrated in the ground plane. A novel equivalent circuit model is proposed for Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure. Accurate design equations are presented for the wideband Microstrip antenna and theoretical analysis is done for the proposed structure. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 56.67% ranging from 9.8 GHz to 17.55 GHz, which covers Ku-band and partially X-band. The antenna shows good radiation characteristics within the entire band, and has a gain ranging from 5 dBi to 12.08 dBi. Minimum isolation between co-polar and cross-polarization level of 20 dB and 15 dB is achieved in H-plane and E-plane respectively. The simulation of the proposed antenna is done on HFSS v.13, and measured results of fabricated antenna are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulated results
Design of Series Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using HFSS Simulatoridescitation
In this paper series feed Micro strip Patch Antenna
Array are designed and analyzed for WLAN application, which
operating at S-band frequency Range of 2.4 GHz. Antenna
arrays are used to achieve higher gain. Larger the number of
antenna elements, better the gain of antenna array would be
achieved. In this paper feeding element and matching line is
used to design the 4 X 1 micro strip patch antenna array.
Micro strip line feed and matching line are used to design
series Micro strip patch antenna array. The measured
radiation pattern and Return loss of 4X1 elements antenna
array are presented. An-soft HFSS simulator is used.
This paper presents the Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications with planar geometry and it consists of a defected ground (DGS), a feed, a substrate, and a patch. The design with DGS has been analyzed taking different dimensions of H Slot and achieve optimized dimensions with the help of CST, Microwave Studio commercial software for WLAN band at 5.20 GHz frequency with corresponding bandwidth of 310 MHz to optimize antenna’s properties. Results show that the final designed antenna has favorable characteristics at this frequency.
MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATION USING META-MATERIALNIKITA JANJAL
Microstrip patch antennas has many advantage due to light weight and small size,
low cost but also have some disadvantage as low gain , narrow band width these are the
two important parameters. This design shows how we can increase the performance of the
patch antenna by using metamaterials or how we can improve the gain & bandwidth. Here
it provide the introduction of meta materials and microstrip patch antenna after that describe
the parameter of microstrip patch antenna which can improve by using metamaterials and
discuss future scope and application of metamaterials.[6].
The Metamaterial based antenna is designed for some improvement in the performance
of directivity gain, return loss and size of circuit area. The aim is to design and
fabricate metamaterial antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L),Width
(W) and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (r), substrate thickness on Radiation
parameters of Band width. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for
maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular
configurations are the most commonly used configuration.
Other configurations are complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations.
The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very
critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In view of design,
selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line
depth.
The results obtained after simulation in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS)
were so much effective with the considerable enhancement in the values of directivity, bandwidth.
Modelling of this omega shaped patch antenna has revealed results that are suitable
AISSMS COE, M.E. E&TC (MICROWAVE) YEAR 2014-15 14
METHODOLOGY
for RFID antenna design. It simulated a rectangular patch antenna with metamaterial included
which has much higher directivity and bandwidth that can be employed for UHF
band which is one of the pre requisite of the following era. RFID has been one of the greatest
contributions of the 21st century.
It has many implementations in different fields may be in medical, military applications,
transportation, tracking items etc. The main barrier for widespread deployment of
this technology is its cost barrier which can be resolved through use of modern technologies
for building circuits with minimal costs.
Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array at 3.8 GHz for WiMax Applicationiosrjce
The aim of this work is to miniaturize microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 3.8 GHz
suitable for WiMax application using defected ground structure (DGS).The DGS has been employed to shift the
resonance frequency of an initial microstrip antenna array from 5.2 GHz to 3.8 GHz by disturbing the
antenna’s current distribution. The proposed DGS is integrated in the ground plane under the patch antenna
array for size reduction. Finally, the miniaturization up to 45% with respect to the conventional microstrip
antenna is successfully accomplished. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated with the RT-Duriod substrate.
This technique has been validated experimentally and measured results were found to be in good agreement
with simulated results.
Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Finite Ground Plane for WI-FI, ...ijsrd.com
Microstrip antennas are suitable for mobile and satellite communication systems. This is particularly due to their main characteristics such as low volume and weight, as well as because they are easy to fabricate and to be installed on plane and curved surfaces. Nevertheless these antennas present some disadvantages like narrow bandwidth, low power operation, and radiation loss. There are some methods such as increasing the height of the substrate, which can be used to extend the efficiency and bandwidth. In this communication design and performance of a novel rectangular with finite ground is proposed to achieve wide band performance and circular polarization. “The proposed structure consists of a rectangular patch and the ground planâ€Â
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Octagon Shape of Microstrip Patch Antenna ...vishant choudhary
A microstrip patch antenna consists of conducting patch of any planar and nonplanar design on one side of the geometry. In this study, Microstrip patch antennas are designed as a rectangular patch antenna form in which slots are a shape of octagon slotted in the Radiating patch. Calculating all its geometric characteristics easily make this shape usage advantageous in Microstrip patch antenna design.
The basic structure of Microstrip patch antenna is given through the rectangular patch and runs though two slotted to generate multiband characteristics. The initial dimension of the rectangular patch is taken at the resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz.The dielectric material used is epoxy /glass {FR4}.
The three designs of the Microstrip patch are the Zero slot rectangular patch antenna, Single slot rectangular patch antenna and the five slots rectangular patch antenna. These designed rectangular patch antennas have various multiband applications. All the three designs of the rectangular patch antenna are simulated from the Zeland-IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The Simulations are done for the frequency range of 0 to 6 GHz.
. These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86 GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range for commercial application.
Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form
of printed antennas. They became very popular due to their low
profile geometry, light weight and low cost. A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna with probe feed and substrate used is
Arlon AD260 has the relative permittivity of which is 2.6 is
designed and simulated using high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS). All the Parameters of this microsrip patch Antenna such
as bandwidth, S - parameter, Reflection loss and VSWR has been
found and plotted. The main objective of this work is to consider
the reactive loading effect on the patch and its effect towards the
improvement of the antenna characteristics, particularly the
radiation characteristics in principle plane (E and H) is
examined. As per theoretical approach reactive loading creates
either capacitive loading or inductive loading. Due to this effect
the antenna performance may be degraded or enhanced in terms
of efficiency, isolation, gain, impedance matching etc. The results
of this designed antenna are compared with the existing Micro
strip antenna
Design & Simulation of 8-Shape Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna
This paper presents an 8-shape slotted microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip
transmission line. The proposed antenna is simulated with the help of commercially available GEMS software
based on the parallel FDTD algorithm. The antenna is designed by FR4 substrate and ground plane with an area
50mm×40mm×1.60 mm. The designed antenna generates three resonant modes at 2.12 GHz, 6.98 GHz and 13.84
GHz respectively. The bandwidths of the antenna (-10 dB) of the three frequencies are 25.75%, 6.13% and
20.63% respectively. The return loss (S ) characteristics for the three bands are -41.95 dB, -22.68 dB and -23.15
11
dB respectively. The 3D radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are provided in the paper.
Artificial intelligence in the design of microstrip antennaRaj Kumar Thenua
This work presents a Neural Network model for the design of Microstrip Antenna for a desired frequency between 3.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with the results of IE3D and are found to be in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed method lies with the fact that the various parameters required for the design of specific Microstrip antenna at a particular frequency of interest can be easily extracted without going into the rigorous time consuming, iterative design procedures using a costly software package. In this work, a general design procedure is suggested for the Microstrip antennas using artificial neural networks and this is demonstrated using the rectangular patch geometry.
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Inset Feed TechniqueIOSR Journals
Abstract : Today in the world of communication systems the most widely researched area is of wireless technology and a study of communication systems is incomplete without an understanding of the operation of the antennas. In the recent years of development in communication systems a need for the development of lightweight, compact and cost-effective antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Micro strip patch antenna. In this work, the simulation tool of IE3D is used to study the performance and gain of the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2.4 GHz rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The return loss and the various gain plots have been studied along with the radiation patterns. Keywords: Gain, Inset feed, Patch antenna, Radiation pattern, Return Loss.
Design of Series Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using HFSS Simulatoridescitation
In this paper series feed Micro strip Patch Antenna
Array are designed and analyzed for WLAN application, which
operating at S-band frequency Range of 2.4 GHz. Antenna
arrays are used to achieve higher gain. Larger the number of
antenna elements, better the gain of antenna array would be
achieved. In this paper feeding element and matching line is
used to design the 4 X 1 micro strip patch antenna array.
Micro strip line feed and matching line are used to design
series Micro strip patch antenna array. The measured
radiation pattern and Return loss of 4X1 elements antenna
array are presented. An-soft HFSS simulator is used.
This paper presents the Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications with planar geometry and it consists of a defected ground (DGS), a feed, a substrate, and a patch. The design with DGS has been analyzed taking different dimensions of H Slot and achieve optimized dimensions with the help of CST, Microwave Studio commercial software for WLAN band at 5.20 GHz frequency with corresponding bandwidth of 310 MHz to optimize antenna’s properties. Results show that the final designed antenna has favorable characteristics at this frequency.
MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS FOR RFID APPLICATION USING META-MATERIALNIKITA JANJAL
Microstrip patch antennas has many advantage due to light weight and small size,
low cost but also have some disadvantage as low gain , narrow band width these are the
two important parameters. This design shows how we can increase the performance of the
patch antenna by using metamaterials or how we can improve the gain & bandwidth. Here
it provide the introduction of meta materials and microstrip patch antenna after that describe
the parameter of microstrip patch antenna which can improve by using metamaterials and
discuss future scope and application of metamaterials.[6].
The Metamaterial based antenna is designed for some improvement in the performance
of directivity gain, return loss and size of circuit area. The aim is to design and
fabricate metamaterial antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L),Width
(W) and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (r), substrate thickness on Radiation
parameters of Band width. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for
maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular
configurations are the most commonly used configuration.
Other configurations are complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations.
The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very
critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna. In view of design,
selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line
depth.
The results obtained after simulation in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS)
were so much effective with the considerable enhancement in the values of directivity, bandwidth.
Modelling of this omega shaped patch antenna has revealed results that are suitable
AISSMS COE, M.E. E&TC (MICROWAVE) YEAR 2014-15 14
METHODOLOGY
for RFID antenna design. It simulated a rectangular patch antenna with metamaterial included
which has much higher directivity and bandwidth that can be employed for UHF
band which is one of the pre requisite of the following era. RFID has been one of the greatest
contributions of the 21st century.
It has many implementations in different fields may be in medical, military applications,
transportation, tracking items etc. The main barrier for widespread deployment of
this technology is its cost barrier which can be resolved through use of modern technologies
for building circuits with minimal costs.
Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array at 3.8 GHz for WiMax Applicationiosrjce
The aim of this work is to miniaturize microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 3.8 GHz
suitable for WiMax application using defected ground structure (DGS).The DGS has been employed to shift the
resonance frequency of an initial microstrip antenna array from 5.2 GHz to 3.8 GHz by disturbing the
antenna’s current distribution. The proposed DGS is integrated in the ground plane under the patch antenna
array for size reduction. Finally, the miniaturization up to 45% with respect to the conventional microstrip
antenna is successfully accomplished. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated with the RT-Duriod substrate.
This technique has been validated experimentally and measured results were found to be in good agreement
with simulated results.
Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Finite Ground Plane for WI-FI, ...ijsrd.com
Microstrip antennas are suitable for mobile and satellite communication systems. This is particularly due to their main characteristics such as low volume and weight, as well as because they are easy to fabricate and to be installed on plane and curved surfaces. Nevertheless these antennas present some disadvantages like narrow bandwidth, low power operation, and radiation loss. There are some methods such as increasing the height of the substrate, which can be used to extend the efficiency and bandwidth. In this communication design and performance of a novel rectangular with finite ground is proposed to achieve wide band performance and circular polarization. “The proposed structure consists of a rectangular patch and the ground planâ€Â
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Octagon Shape of Microstrip Patch Antenna ...vishant choudhary
A microstrip patch antenna consists of conducting patch of any planar and nonplanar design on one side of the geometry. In this study, Microstrip patch antennas are designed as a rectangular patch antenna form in which slots are a shape of octagon slotted in the Radiating patch. Calculating all its geometric characteristics easily make this shape usage advantageous in Microstrip patch antenna design.
The basic structure of Microstrip patch antenna is given through the rectangular patch and runs though two slotted to generate multiband characteristics. The initial dimension of the rectangular patch is taken at the resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz.The dielectric material used is epoxy /glass {FR4}.
The three designs of the Microstrip patch are the Zero slot rectangular patch antenna, Single slot rectangular patch antenna and the five slots rectangular patch antenna. These designed rectangular patch antennas have various multiband applications. All the three designs of the rectangular patch antenna are simulated from the Zeland-IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The Simulations are done for the frequency range of 0 to 6 GHz.
. These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86 GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range for commercial application.
Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form
of printed antennas. They became very popular due to their low
profile geometry, light weight and low cost. A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna with probe feed and substrate used is
Arlon AD260 has the relative permittivity of which is 2.6 is
designed and simulated using high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS). All the Parameters of this microsrip patch Antenna such
as bandwidth, S - parameter, Reflection loss and VSWR has been
found and plotted. The main objective of this work is to consider
the reactive loading effect on the patch and its effect towards the
improvement of the antenna characteristics, particularly the
radiation characteristics in principle plane (E and H) is
examined. As per theoretical approach reactive loading creates
either capacitive loading or inductive loading. Due to this effect
the antenna performance may be degraded or enhanced in terms
of efficiency, isolation, gain, impedance matching etc. The results
of this designed antenna are compared with the existing Micro
strip antenna
Design & Simulation of 8-Shape Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna
This paper presents an 8-shape slotted microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip
transmission line. The proposed antenna is simulated with the help of commercially available GEMS software
based on the parallel FDTD algorithm. The antenna is designed by FR4 substrate and ground plane with an area
50mm×40mm×1.60 mm. The designed antenna generates three resonant modes at 2.12 GHz, 6.98 GHz and 13.84
GHz respectively. The bandwidths of the antenna (-10 dB) of the three frequencies are 25.75%, 6.13% and
20.63% respectively. The return loss (S ) characteristics for the three bands are -41.95 dB, -22.68 dB and -23.15
11
dB respectively. The 3D radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are provided in the paper.
Artificial intelligence in the design of microstrip antennaRaj Kumar Thenua
This work presents a Neural Network model for the design of Microstrip Antenna for a desired frequency between 3.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with the results of IE3D and are found to be in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed method lies with the fact that the various parameters required for the design of specific Microstrip antenna at a particular frequency of interest can be easily extracted without going into the rigorous time consuming, iterative design procedures using a costly software package. In this work, a general design procedure is suggested for the Microstrip antennas using artificial neural networks and this is demonstrated using the rectangular patch geometry.
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Inset Feed TechniqueIOSR Journals
Abstract : Today in the world of communication systems the most widely researched area is of wireless technology and a study of communication systems is incomplete without an understanding of the operation of the antennas. In the recent years of development in communication systems a need for the development of lightweight, compact and cost-effective antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Micro strip patch antenna. In this work, the simulation tool of IE3D is used to study the performance and gain of the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2.4 GHz rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. The return loss and the various gain plots have been studied along with the radiation patterns. Keywords: Gain, Inset feed, Patch antenna, Radiation pattern, Return Loss.
Eye monitored wheel chair control for people suffering from quadriplegiaAkshay Sharma
The number of persons who are paralyzed and therefore dependent on others due to loss of self-mobility is growing with the population. The development of the wheelchair for paralyzed users is surprisingly recent starting with the conventional manually powered wheelchairs and advancing to electrical wheelchairs. Conventional wheelchair use tends to focus exclusively on manual use which use which assumes users still able to use their hands which excludes those unable to do so. Diseases or accidents injuring the nervous system also frequently because people lose their ability to move their voluntary muscle. Because voluntary muscle is the main actuator enabling people to move their body, paralysis may cause a person not move their locomotor organ such as arm, leg and others. Paralysis may be local, global, or follow specific patterns. Most paralysis are constant, however there are other forms such as periodic paralysis (caused by genetic diseases), caused by various other factors.
Scientist Stephen W. Hawking is perhaps the most well-known victim of major paralysis – Hawking was diagnosed with incurable Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in 1962, thereafter using a wheelchair to move. Many of those suffering close to or complete paralysis usually however still can control their eye movement which inspired us to develop an eye-controlled electric wheelchair.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
Radiation beam scanning for leaky wave antenna by using slotsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper provides an insight of a new, microstrip leaky wave antenna. It holds the ability to continue steer its beam at a swapping frequency. This is done with acceptable impedance matching while scanning and very little gain variation. Investigation is carried out on LWAs’ control radiation pattern in steps at a band frequency via vertical and horizontal slots. The enhancement is realized by etching horizontal and vertical slots on the radiation element. This study also presents a novel half-width microstrip leaky wave antenna (LWA). The antenna is made up of the following basic structures group’s vertical and horizontal slots. The reactance profile at the microstrip’s free edge and thus the main beam direction is changed once the control-cell states are changed. The radiation pattern direction changes by sweeping the operating frequency between 4 GHz to 6 GHz.The main beam may be directed by the antenna between 15o and 55o. C band achieved the measured peak gain of the antenna of 10 dBi at 4.3 GHz beam scanning range.
A horn may be considered as a flared out waveguide. In this paper, a powerful electromagnetic simulator, 3D
EM solver WIPL-D software is used to design, analyse and optimize the dimensions of horn antenna which is
based on MOM solution for computations. The standard horn antenna at 10 GHz for 15dB gain is modelled and
the radiation pattern was observed. The horn antenna is optimized to achieve more than 20dB gain using
Genetic Algorithm, radiation patterns of the optimized horn antenna are also presented. Geometry of the horn
can be modelled by exploring the toolbar ‘symmetry’ option in WIPL-D. Design of X band Pyramidal Horn
Antenna is fabricated and measured using Network Analyzer.
This ppt describes the ways of designing a fractal antenna , it's limitations and advantages over normal antennas and the applications associated with it.(brief view)...
Bi-directional Beams Waveguide Slotted Antenna at Millimeter WaveTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper focused on designing a bi-directional beams waveguide slotted antenna at millimetre
wave spectrum. Waveguide slotted antenna is known for its highly directional pattern. By having bidirectional
pattern, the capacity of system coverage can be expanded. The design is implemented by using
antenna slot theory on a waveguide structure. The slotted are made on two wall surfaces and the
performance is compared to the slotted on single wall. The two models designs are simulated using
Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave software. The simulation results show that both
models operate at 30 GHz with minimum reflection coefficient of -24.63 and -25.01 dB respectively. The
two models achieved a fair high gain at 15.5 dB and 13.3 dB with directional beamwidth of 8.9 degree.
The proposed bi-directional beams structure achieved a comparable gain in both directions when
compared to the single direction.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A novel miniaturized multiband, single-feed microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper for
WLAN and WiMAX applications. Both size reduction and multiband are obtained by etching the Multiple
Complementary Split Ring Resonators (MC-SRR) on the ground plane of the normal patch antenna. At
first, the normal patch antenna produces a single band of 5.15 GHz; 200 MHz (5.0500~5.2499).
Subsequently, a Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (SC-SRR) is etched on the ground plane and
produces a triple band of: 3.25 GHz; 288 MHz (3.1085~3.3964), 4.5 GHz; 101.3 MHz (4.4488~4.5501),
and 5.22 GHz; 220 MHz (5.1191~5.3400) and Double Single Circular Split Ring Resonator (DC-MCSRR)
with: 2.99 GHz; 60.7 MHz (2.9574~3.0181), 3.57 GHz; 324.7 MHz (3.4065~3.7312), and 5.1413 GHz;
115.4 MHz (5.0817~5.1971). The working bandwidths cover the desired frequency bands of WLAN
5.2 GHz and WiMAX 3.3/3.5 GHz. The proposed (MC-SRR) antenna can be employed to wireless
communication systems due to its simplicity in design, compactness and miniaturization.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of
3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3 . The measured results indicate that the proposed
antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi
and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed
antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for
the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi
and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3 The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability
Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability
Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
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HFSS ANTENNA FOR KU BAND WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURES
1. 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Basic Theory of Antennas
An antenna is an electrical transducer which transforms electric currents in to electromagnetic
waves. In general, any flow of electric charges produces disturbances in the electromagnetic
field which propagate as a wave, with certain speed depending on the medium. The reverse
process is possible and accounts for the capability of antennas to receive electromagnetic
radiation. In free space, for instance, the speed is that of the light. This result is a
consequence of Maxwell Equations which govern all electromagnetic phenomena, and
similarly, makes up the fundamentals of antenna theory.
Over the years antennas evolved from simple metal sticks, properly called dipoles, to quite
complex structures, ranging from several meters to a few millimeters in dimension. This
diversity in antenna dimensions, extending as well over the design technology, has been
motivated mainly by the need of telecommunications to send and receive higher amounts of
information, which implies increasing the frequency of the carrier channel. The way the
frequency relates to the size of the antennas is in fact one of the consequences of Maxwell
Equations, which apply a constraint on the antenna structures for the optimal emission and
reception of electromagnetic waves. Thus, recalling the discussion from the previous
paragraph, the wave length (λ) of an electromagnetic wave in a medium is:
√
In the equation, εr is the relative permittivity of the medium, ƒ is the frequency of the wave,
and c is the speed of light in free space. This equation states that as the frequency increases
the wave length decreases proportionally and so do the dimensions of the antenna emitting or
receiving such a wave. For comparison, figure 1.1 shows multiple Microwave antennas and
figure 1.2 shows an AM radio broadcast antenna which deals with smaller frequencies,
meaning larger wave lengths.
Fig. 1.1 Several microwave antennas Fig. 1.2 Radio broadcast antenna
2. 2
1.2 Two Main Qualities of Antennas
In general there are two main measures that define and qualify an antenna, the Resonant
Capability and the Radiation Capability. The Resonant Capability is the most important
characteristic of any antenna. It determines the specific frequency of electromagnetic waves
(EM Wave) at which the antenna structure favors the establishment of the varying electric
field lines which induce a potential difference between isolated parts of the antenna structure.
This phenomenon occurs when the dimensions of the antenna structure allow half, full waves,
or several periods of them. Then, the varying potential difference that those EM waves
originate is emphasized from among the infinite number of frequencies traveling in the space.
The Radiation Capability relates, in a single subject, two other important characteristics of an
antenna. Readily, these two qualities are Antenna Efficiency (Antenna Gain) and Radiation
Pattern. Together, Antenna Efficiency and Radiation Pattern talk about the way antennas use
the energy supplied to radiate it all, in any or a particular direction, ideally, or most of it in
the best real life scenarios. Radiation Capability, despite the short description given in this
paragraph, involves a whole lot of branches of the Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry
fields, for its analysis and development of improving technologies. As for instance, important
research and experimentation is being performed in private and academic Microwave and
Electromagnetic laboratories about the implementation of Double Negative Materials (DNG
Materials), Meta materials indeed, for the gain improvement and size reduction of Microwave
Antennas. Keeping the focus to this project, it is important to mention that the technology
employed in the design of the multiband antenna, MSA, has lately become much popular
with in this group of Microwave Antennas.
1.3 Remarkable Advantages and Disadvantages of Microstrip Antenna Technology
MSA’s, as discussed earlier, are intrinsically light and small sized elements that can be
fabricated with quite inexpensive materials, even in the retail market. Moreover, they are
easily implemented with Microwave Integrated Circuits, as they are popularly built on
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB’s). And, in favor of the project, they are capable of dual and
triple frequency operation, as explained on the previous paragraphs.
However, compared with most popular antenna structures for wireless applications, MSA’s
suffer from two parameters which make them not the first option if high enough gain and
wide band response is a requirement.
Nevertheless, these disadvantages vary from geometry to geometry, which opens the
possibility to employ computer aided simulations. Then, through a series of parametric
analyzes, we may find the most convenient shape and dimensions, depending on the set goals
and expectations for the project. This is in fact the approach followed in the design of the
Multiband MSA.
3. 3
2. DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Microstrip antennas are widely used due to their low profile, ease of fabrication, and
capability of integration with other devices. Conventional Microstrip antenna has
disadvantages of narrow bandwidth, low gain and cross-polarized radiation characteristics.
Thus, enhancement of bandwidth and gain of Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) has become a
challenging current research area. MPA with defected ground structure (DGS) has been
reported for improving the performance of the patch antenna. The MPA with DGS has been
reported for suppressing the cross-polarization level. Dual band with circular polarization in
both planes has been achieved by using truncated DGS MPA. Rotated square-shape defect in
the ground plane has been reported for enhancing the impedance bandwidth up to 50% with
gain ranging from 3 dBi to 6 dBi. Several studies have been reported for DGS with
Microstrip-line. DGS has been presented for reducing the size of low pass filter with wide-
stop-band characteristics. Size reduction and harmonic suppression of Microstrip branch-line
coupler by using DGS has been reported. A complimentary split ring resonator loaded ground
plane for low-pass filter with compact size and wide stop band characteristics, and an
equivalent circuit model has been presented. In present endeavor, a Microstrip linefed MPA
with DGS is proposed for Ku-band applications. A circular shaped defect is integrated in the
ground plane. A novel equivalent circuit model is presented for calculating the input
impedance of the proposed MPA. The simple designing equations are presented and
characteristics of the proposed antenna are analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM) on
Ansoft HFSS v.13.
Fig. 2.1 Top and bottom view of proposed antenna
4. 4
3. SOFTWARE AIDED DESIGN
The schematic of the proposed MPA is shown in Fig.3.1. A circular slot of radius a is
integrated in the ground plane and an open ended Microstrip line of width wml and length
Lml is placed on the opposite side of the ground plane. The radius of the circular slot is
chosen, same as the radius of simple circular Microstrip patch antenna (CMPA). By making a
circular defect of same radius in the ground plane, the new structure shows wide band
characteristics.
Fig. 3.1: Structure of the proposed antenna
Table 3.1: Design specifications
Parameter (mm) Parameter (mm)
a 5.50 Lml 27.41
r1 1.50 h 1.6
wml 2.30 D 36
5. 5
The distance between the open-end-edge of Microstrip-line and centre of the circular slot is
referred as feeding distance r1and it controls the return loss level of antenna. The design
frequency for proposed structure is considered as 10 GHz.
3.1 Equivalent circuit model
The modeling of equivalent circuit is divided in four parts; modeling of length l1and l2of
Microstrip line, modeling of circular slot, modeling of fringing capacitance Cf due to
discontinuity of Microstrip line, and modeling of coupling capacitance Cp between circular
slot and Microstrip line. Circular Slot impedance is modeled by an ideal transformer with the
Microstrip line, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.2: Equivalent circuit model of the proposed antenna
3.1.1 Modeling of Microstrip line
A lossy Microstrip line is represented by a tank circuit of parameters, series resistant R, series
inductance L, shunt conductance G, and shunt capacitance C. These parameters R, L, G and
C are in per unit length and calculated for length l1and l2of Microstrip line.R1, L1, G1, C1and
R2, L2, G2, C2are corresponding to the Microstrip line of length l1and l2 respectively. Losses
in Microstrip line are due to imperfect conductor and dielectric, and is characterized by
attenuation constant α, determined by
α=αc +αd
Where αc and αd are referred as conductor loss and dielectric loss respectively.
3.1.2 Modeling of circular slot
The circular defect of diameter 2a is considered as a rectangular defect of length l and width
w. The width of the rectangular defect is taken to be the same as the diameter of circular
defect and length of the corresponding rectangular defect is calculated by equating the area.
The input impedance offered by a rectangular slot can be calculated from the input
impedance of a cylindrical dipole using Babinate’s principle.
6. 6
3.1.3 Modeling of fringing capacitance
Due to the open-ended discontinuity, a fringing field of length l is developed at the end-edge
of Microstrip line. A fringing capacitance Cf is used to model this fringing field and defined
as
√
3.1.4 Modeling of coupling capacitance
coupling between the two circuits is modeled by a coupling capacitance Cp and given by
( ) √( ) ( )
Where Cs is the slot capacitance, calculated from reactive part of the slot impedance given in
Eq. (10), and the coupling coefficient Ck between two networks is determined by
√
Where Q1is the quality factor of the Microstrip line and Q2is the quality factor of the slot.
3.1.5 Total Impedance
The parallel slot impedance is given by
Z’
slot=N. Zslot
The parallel slot impedance Z’slot, impedance Zp offered by coupling capacitance Cp, and
impedance Zf due to fringing capacitance Cf are added in parallel with impedance Z of
Microstrip line. Where Z is the impedance offered by Microstrip line and determined by
adding the impedances Z1and Z2in series. The equivalent circuit model of the proposed
structure is shown in Fig. 3.2.
Reflection coefficient, VSWR and Return loss is calculated as
( )
S11 =20 log (|r|)
7. 7
4. RESULTS
The proposed structure is analyzed on Ansoft HFSS v.13.FR4_epoxy substrate of dimension
36 mm*36 mm*0.762 mm is used to fabricate the prototype. The dielectric constant εr, loss
tangent, and thickness h of the substrate are as 2.2, 0.0009 and 1.6 mm respectively.
Fig. 4.1: Patched Antenna designed on HFSS v13
Fig. 4.2: Patch Antenna Covered By Airbox
The Microstrip-line-fed antenna with circular shape defect inthe ground plane is designed.
Accurate design-ing equations are presented for wideband Microstrip antennafor the
proposed structure. A novel equivalent circuit model ispresented for proposed prototype. An
impedance bandwidth of56.67% ranging from 9.8 GHz to 17.55 GHz has been achieved.
Thesimulated, measured and theoretical results are in good agree-ment. A gain of 5–12.08
8. 8
dBi is achieved in impedance bandwidth.The antenna produces good radiation pattern in the
impedancebandwidth range. The Cross-Polarization levels are below −35 dBand −20 dB in
H-Plane and E-Plane respectively. The isolations between the Co-Polar and Cross-
Polarization levels are about 35 dBin H-Plane and 15 dB in E-Plane. Thus, designed antenna
is a suitable candidate for Ku-band applications with good radiation characteristics.
Fig. 4.3: Retain loss curve
Fig. 4.4: Radiation pattern
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00
Freq [GHz]
-35.00
-30.00
-25.00
-20.00
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
dB(St(feed_T1,feed_T1))
HFSSDesign1XY Plot 1 ANSOFT
m 1
Curve Info
dB(St(feed_T1,feed_T1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
Name X Y
m 1 12.5226 -31.9354
-23.00
-16.00
-9.00
-2.00
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
150
120
HFSSDesign1Radiation Pattern 5 ANSOFT
Curve Info
dB(rETotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='12.52GHz' Phi='0deg'
dB(rETotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='12.52GHz' Phi='90deg'
9. 9
REFERENCES
[1] M.K. Khandelwal et al./Int.J.Electron.Commun.(AEÜ)68(2014)951–957
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2014.04.017
[2] A Novel Neural Network for the Synthesis of Antennas and Microwave Devices
Heriberto Jose Delgado, Member, IEEE, Michael H. Thursby, Senior Member, IEEE,
and Fredric M. Ham, Senior Member, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL
NETWORKS, VOL. 16, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 2005
[3] Design of a Widebland Microstrip Antenna and the Use of Artificial Neural Networks
in Parameter Calculation Dipak K. Neog1, Shyam S. PattnaiK, Dhruba. C. Panda2,
Swapna Devr, Bonomali Khuntia3, and Malaya Dutta4 IEEE Antennas and
Propagation Magazine, Vol. 47, No.3, June 2005