Types of cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, and examples include bacteria. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, have linear DNA, and examples include plant, animal, fungus and protist cells. While prokaryotic cells were likely the first to exist on Earth, eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex with internal structures that allow them to perform specialized functions in multicellular organisms.
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There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and are generally smaller, while eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus and are larger with many specialized organelles. The key difference between the two cell types is whether or not they contain a nucleus.
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# Definition of Eukaryotic Cells
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1. Cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and cells only arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.
2. Advances in microscopy technology allowed scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden and Schwann to observe cells directly and formulate the original cell theory.
3. The development of electron microscopes provided evidence for modern additions to cell theory, including that cells contain hereditary material and have the same basic chemical composition.
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The document provides an overview of the history and development of cell theory from its earliest observations in the 1600s to modern understandings. Some key points include:
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- Modern cell theory has additional components, such as cells containing genetic material that is passed to daughter cells and all cells having similar composition.
- Cells differentiate based on cues or transcription factors, internally or externally, to determine what type of cell they will become. All cells start as stem cells with flexibility before specializing.
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Cells come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and arrangements. Some key points:
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- Organisms can consist of single cells (like bacteria) or multiple cells organized into tissues and organs (plants and animals).
- Cells are categorized as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotes like bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles and have circular DNA, while eukaryotes have organelles and a nucleus containing linear chromosomes.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls not found in animal cells, while vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells.
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1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
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1. cell theory
1. Cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and cells only arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.
2. Advances in microscopy technology allowed scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden and Schwann to observe cells directly and formulate the original cell theory.
3. The development of electron microscopes provided evidence for modern additions to cell theory, including that cells contain hereditary material and have the same basic chemical composition.
Introduction to cell and cell theory
The document provides an overview of the history and development of cell theory from its earliest observations in the 1600s to modern understandings. Some key points include:
- Cell theory was first proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, stating that cells are the basic unit of life, organisms are made of cells, and cells only come from preexisting cells.
- Modern cell theory has additional components, such as cells containing genetic material that is passed to daughter cells and all cells having similar composition.
- Cells differentiate based on cues or transcription factors, internally or externally, to determine what type of cell they will become. All cells start as stem cells with flexibility before specializing.
Pro vs euk
This document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It begins with an essential question about what distinguishes these two types of cells if they both contain DNA. It then outlines the lesson objectives and provides an anticipatory video link. The summary describes the main traits of each cell type, noting that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and have fewer organelles while eukaryotes have more complex structures like a nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles. It lists specific organelles found in both cell types and examples of each domain of life. In the end, students are instructed to discuss and summarize the key differences in their own words.
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Cells come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and arrangements. Some key points:
- Cells can be round, long, or other shapes. Their sizes also vary greatly from bacteria to plant and animal cells.
- Organisms can consist of single cells (like bacteria) or multiple cells organized into tissues and organs (plants and animals).
- Cells are categorized as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotes like bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles and have circular DNA, while eukaryotes have organelles and a nucleus containing linear chromosomes.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls not found in animal cells, while vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells.
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1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
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Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1665 using a microscope. The cell theory developed in 1839 states that all living things are composed of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, vital life functions occur within cells, and cells contain the hereditary information to direct their functions. Cells emerged on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago. Animal cells and plant cells have similar components but differ in structures like chloroplasts that allow plant cells to perform photosynthesis. Viruses consist of genetic material inside a protein coat and can only replicate within host cells.
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Eukaryotic cells have organelles that compartmentalize functions. Key organelles include the nucleus, which contains DNA; mitochondria and chloroplasts, which generate energy; and the endomembrane system of ER, Golgi, and vesicles, which modifies and transports proteins. The cytoskeleton, including microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, maintains cell shape and enables movement. Plant cells have additional structures like cell walls and plasmodesmata between cells.
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The document outlines the agenda and objectives for a biology class lesson on cells and cell theory. It discusses key scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann and their contributions to early microscopy and the eventual formulation of the three principles of cell theory: that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The lesson will include warm-up, learning activities, and a "Name That Guy" game to review the scientists.
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The document discusses the history and principles of cell theory. It describes how early microscopists like Hooke, Levenguk, and Purkinje made early observations of cells. In 1839, Schwann and Schleiden formulated the first principles of cell theory: (1) all living things are made of cells and (2) animal and plant cells have similar structure and composition. Later, Virchow added that cells only arise from preexisting cells. The modern cell theory includes four principles: (1) cells are the basic unit of life, (2) cells have similar composition and function, (3) new cells arise from existing cells, and (4) cell specialization leads to tissue and organ formation
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This document summarizes the history and development of the cell theory. It describes early microscopic observations of cells by Hooke and van Leuwenhoek in the 17th century. Between these early discoveries and the 19th century, little progress was made due to a belief in spontaneous generation. Advances in the 19th century included disproving spontaneous generation by Pasteur and establishing the first two principles of the cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann - that organisms are composed of cells and cells are the basic unit of life. The third principle, that cells come from preexisting cells, was added by Virchow. The cell theory is now foundational to modern biology and medicine.
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1. The document discusses the development of the Cell Theory from early observations of cells in the 1600s to its modern understanding.
2. Key figures who contributed include Hooke, van Leuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, with their combined work establishing the basic principles of the Cell Theory.
3. The modern Cell Theory expanded on the original statements and includes that cells contain DNA, have similar chemical compositions, perform basic functions, and depend on organelle activities.
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This document outlines the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It notes that there are two main types of cells - prokaryotes, which are the simplest life forms and earliest inhabitants of Earth, and eukaryotes, which developed from prokaryotes and include more complex multicellular organisms like animals, plants and fungi. Prokaryotes exist in two kingdoms - bacteria and archaebacteria, which can survive in extreme environments, while eukaryotes are larger and have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.
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The essay discusses the theory of endosymbiosis, where eukaryotic cells were formed when a prokaryotic cell ingested aerobic bacteria. Over time, the bacteria evolved into organelles in the host cell through endosymbiosis. This includes how mitochondria likely evolved from ingested aerobic bacteria and chloroplasts from ingested photosynthetic bacteria. Endosymbiosis played a key role in the development of complex eukaryotic cells from simpler prokaryotic cells.
Unit 4 cell revised 2012
This document discusses cells and their cellular nature. It begins by introducing the topic of cells and how they relate to the common characteristic of all living things being cellular. It then discusses the history of cell discovery, including the invention of the microscope and key figures like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, and those who developed the cell theory. It also covers basic cell structures like organelles, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and examples of different cell types.
Class 11 Biology Structural Organisation in Animals (6)
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Organisms can be either unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, composed of many cells. Unicellular organisms have cells that carry out all life functions, while multicellular organisms differentiate cells to take on specialized roles. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
Prokaryote_vs_Eukaryote_Cells.pdf
This document compares and contrasts prokaryote and eukaryote cells. It notes that prokaryotes, like bacteria, are unicellular and lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes, which include plant, animal and protist cells, have organelles enclosed within membranes and can be either unicellular or multicellular. The key distinguishing feature between these cell types is that eukaryotes have a cell nucleus containing DNA, while prokaryotes do not. The document also outlines some of the major organelles found in different eukaryotic cell types.
Prokaryote vs eukaryote
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their complexity. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have organelles enclosed within membranes. Key differences include prokaryotes having circular DNA floating in the cytoplasm versus eukaryotes with linear DNA enclosed in a nucleus. Prokaryotes emerged billions of years ago as the first and only form of life for a long time, while eukaryotes developed later and are generally more complex with the potential to be multicellular. Both cell types share some basic components like cell membranes, ribosomes, and DNA.
Prokaryote vs eukaryote
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their complexity. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have organelles enclosed within membranes. Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA floating in the cytoplasm, whereas eukaryotic cells have linear DNA wrapped in a nucleus. While prokaryotic cells first appeared billions of years ago as unicellular organisms, eukaryotic cells developed later and can be either unicellular or multicellular. Both cell types share some basic components like a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.
cells ppt.pptx
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which lack internal membrane-bound structures, and eukaryotic cells, which contain membrane-bound organelles. Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic but differ in some of their organelles - plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis while animal cells do not. The main organelles of cells include the nucleus, which houses the genetic material, mitochondria which generate energy, and a cell membrane which encloses the cell.
living things & cell theory
Living beings have 7 main characteristics:
1. They are composed of cells, which can be single-celled or multicellular.
2. They have a chemical composition and are highly organized from primary bioelements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
3. Living things use energy, either producing their own through photosynthesis (autotrophs) or consuming organic molecules (heterotrophs).
This summarizes the key points about the characteristics of living beings according to the document.
Lessofucucuchcucuc hchchcuc uufcn-04.pdf
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It begins by stating that cells are the basic structural and functional units of all organisms, though their sizes and structures may vary depending on their functions. It then describes the cell theory proposed by Schleiden and Schwann in 1838, which states that all organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells are formed from existing cells. The document goes on to describe the key components of cells, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and between plant and animal cells.
Lecture_1_The_cell_is_a_structural_functional_unit_of_life..pptx
The document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It defines the cell as the structural and functional unit of life and discusses non-membrane and membrane organelles. Key points include that cells come from existing cells according to the cell theory, and that cells are categorized as prokaryotic or eukaryotic based on whether their genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus. The document also summarizes some of the main organelles in plant and animal cells like the nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts, and mitochondria.
Prokaryoticandeukaryoticcells
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two basic types of cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus surrounded by a double membrane. Other differences include that eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex, with organelles that are surrounded by membranes. Both cell types perform similar functions like protein building and have DNA, but eukaryotic DNA is linear while prokaryotic DNA is circular. It is believed that prokaryotes evolved earlier than eukaryotes, around 3.6 billion years ago.
Cell - structure and functions
This document provides information about cell structure and function. It discusses the key discoveries and concepts in cell theory, including that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The common features of cells are described as DNA, a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. There is diversity in cell types between unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as in shapes, sizes, and structures. The document also summarizes the processes of cell division, including mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission. Diagrams of animal and plant cell structures are also included.
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Two Types Of Cells - Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
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Class 11 Biology Structural Organisation in Animals (6)
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Plant responses to the environment
Plant responses to environmental stimuli are called tropisms. Tropisms describe the growth or turning movement of a plant in response to external factors and can be positive, towards the stimulus, or negative, away from the stimulus. The main tropisms include phototropism, where plants grow towards light; geotropism, where plants grow towards or against gravity; thigmotropism, where plants respond to physical touch; and hydrotropism, where plants sense and grow towards sources of water.
Protista Kingdom
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that are mostly single-celled and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. They are decomposers and consumers. There are three main groups of protists: fungus-like protists, plant-like protists called algae, and animal-like protists called protozoa. Protozoa move using flagella, cilia, pseudopods, or they cannot move if they are parasitic. Some disease-causing protists are Giardia, which causes diarrhea, and Plasmodium, which is carried by mosquitoes and causes malaria.
Seed plants characteristics
Seed plants have three main characteristics: 1) they have vascular tissue that transports nutrients and water throughout the plant, 2) they reproduce using seeds, and 3) they have a complex life cycle involving sporophytes and gametophytes. Seeds contain an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat. The embryo develops into a new plant, the stored food nourishes the embryo's growth, and the seed coat protects these parts. Leaves capture sunlight for photosynthesis, stems transport nutrients and provide structure/support, and roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.
Plant kingdom characteristis
Plants share three key characteristics: they are eukaryotic, multicellular, and autotrophic, obtaining their energy through photosynthesis. They have five adaptations for living on land: obtaining water and minerals from soil through root systems; retaining water through a cuticle layer; transporting materials through vascular tissue and cells; supporting their bodies through leaves exposed to sunlight and vascular tissue; and most engaging in sexual reproduction through fertilization. Plants have a complex life cycle with two alternating stages - the sporophyte stage produces spores, while the gametophyte stage produces sex cells that fuse to form a zygote and restart the cycle.
Plant divisions mosses and ferns
The document summarizes the characteristics and life cycles of nonvascular and seedless vascular plants. It describes two divisions of plants - nonvascular plants like moss that lack roots, stems, and leaves, and vascular plants that have transport tissues. Moss and liverworts are examples of nonvascular plants that reproduce via alternation of generations between sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Ferns are an example of seedless vascular plants that have true stems, roots, and leaves called fronds. Their life cycle also involves alternation between sporophyte and gametophyte stages. Ferns and other seedless plants were important in forming peat bogs and peat, which was used as fuel.
Plant divisions gymnosperms and angiosperms
This document summarizes the key characteristics and divisions of vascular seed plants. It describes the two main groups, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce naked seeds on cone scales, lack flowers, and have needle-like or scale-like leaves. They are divided into four groups including conifers. Angiosperms enclose seeds in an ovary that develops into a fruit. They are characterized by flowers and are divided into monocots and dicots.
Plant characteristics
Plant characteristics include being made of cells with DNA, cell walls, and chloroplasts. They are multicellular producers that make their own food through photosynthesis. There are two main types of plants: nonvascular and vascular. Nonvascular plants like mosses and liverworts do not have roots, stems or leaves, lack vascular tissue, and reproduce through spores. Vascular plants contain vascular tissue to transport food and water, and some contain seeds while others reproduce through spores.
Parts of a flower
The document describes the main parts of a flower, including the petals that attract insects, the pistil made up of the stigma, style and ovary that receives and protects pollen and ovules, the stamens that contain pollen in anthers, and the sepals that protect the developing flower bud. It explains the functions of each part in plant reproduction, such as the style raising the stigma to reduce self-pollination and the ovary protecting the ovule to later become the fruit after fertilization.
Parts of a flower notes
This document describes the main parts of a flower, including the petals that attract insects, the pistil made up of the stigma, style and ovary that receives and protects pollen and ovules, the stamens that produce and release pollen, and the sepals that protect the developing flower bud. It provides details on the functions of each part in plant reproduction and fertilization.
Fungi Kingdom
Fungi are single or multi-cellular organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and reproduce via spores. There are several types of fungi including mushrooms, shelf fungi, molds, and yeasts. Fungi can act as decomposers to break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients or cause harm by destroying crops, spoiling food, and causing diseases in plants and animals.
5.00 History of time
Fossils, Molds, Casts provides information about fossils and the geological time scale. It aims to describe how fossils record Earth's history and evidence of evolution. Key points include that fossils are preserved plants and animals, the law of superposition establishes layer age relationships, and absolute dating determines fossil ages in years using radioisotope methods. The geological time scale is a calendar used by scientists to outline Earth and life history, broken into eras like the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Mass extinctions have occurred throughout Earth's history.
5.03 Evolution
Phones and personal music devices have changed significantly over time. The document discusses key concepts from evolution including species, adaptations, Charles Darwin, and his observations of finches in the Galapagos Islands. It notes that adaptations arise due to DNA mutations and are not chosen by organisms, helping them survive and reproduce based on their environment.
5.03 Evolution evidence
This document provides information about evidence for evolution through fossils, vestigial structures, similar skeletal structures, similar DNA, and similar embryonic structures. It defines key terms like fossils, ancestors, and vestigial structures. Examples of each type of evidence are described, such as whale leg bones as vestigial structures. Students are assigned a creative writing task or collage to explain the five types of evidence for evolution.
5.03 Evolution evidence
This document provides information about evidence for evolution through fossils, vestigial structures, similar skeletal structures, similar DNA, and similar embryonic structures. It defines key terms like fossils, ancestors, and vestigial structures. Examples of each type of evidence are described, such as whale leg bones as vestigial structures. Students are assigned a creative writing task or collage to explain the five types of evidence for evolution.
5.00 Animal adaptations
1. An adaptation is anything that helps an organism survive in its environment. Adaptations develop over many generations through evolution, not during an individual animal's lifetime.
2. There are several types of adaptations including structural adaptations like physical features, behavioral adaptations like ways animals act, camouflage to blend into surroundings, mimicry where animals resemble other dangerous species, and warning coloration where bright colors signal being poisonous.
3. Examples of adaptations include a bird's beak shape, a rabbit freezing when scared, a snake's camouflage patterns, a monarch butterfly mimicking the viceroy, and poisonous coral snakes having distinctive black-yellow-red banding.
5.00 the earth’s history
The document discusses theories about the Earth's history, including relative dating which estimates the age of fossils based on their position in layers, absolute dating which determines age based on unstable atoms, and the geologic time scale which outlines life on Earth. It also defines key terms like extinct species, Pangaea as the land once connected into one continent, and plate tectonics as the theory of crustal plates moving over time.
5.03 natural selection
This document provides notes on natural selection. It begins by stating the objective is to explain how natural selection works. It then outlines the four main steps of natural selection: 1) overproduction where each species produces more offspring than will survive, 2) genetic variation between individuals provides different traits that help or hurt survival, 3) struggle to survive and competition for limited resources means only some individuals survive to adulthood, 4) successful reproduction where the individuals best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and pass on their genes, leading to evolution over long periods of time. Examples of adaptations like camouflage and fast swimming are provided. The document asks questions to check understanding of natural vs artificial selection and factors controlling natural selection.
5.00 Animal phylum
1. Animals are multicellular organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms. They are classified as vertebrates, which have backbones, or invertebrates, which do not.
2. The document describes several animal phyla - Cnidaria, which includes jellyfish and coral, have stinging cells; Annelida includes segmented worms; Mollusks have a muscular foot and shells; Echinodermata are spiny with radial symmetry and tube feet; Arthropoda are the most successful and include insects, spiders, and crustaceans; and Chordata are backboned and include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
3.
5.00 dichotomous keys 2010
Dichotomous keys are tools used by scientists to classify organisms. They are arranged in steps with two descriptive statements at each step, where one statement leads to the next step or the name of the organism. Dichotomous keys help scientists methodically sort and identify organisms based on observable characteristics.
5.07 classification kingdoms
This document outlines the six kingdoms of classification: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plant, and Animal. It provides details on the key characteristics of each kingdom, including whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular, producers or consumers, and how they reproduce. Examples are given for each kingdom, such as archaebacteria living in extreme environments, eubacteria including decomposer bacteria, protista including algae and amoebas, fungi being decomposers like mushrooms and mold, plants being producers that undergo photosynthesis, and animals being able to move and being consumers.
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Types of cells prokaryotic and eukaryotic
- 1. Types of Cells Objective: You will be able to explain the differences between the 2 types of cells.
- 3. Prokaryotic Cells 1. No nucleus 2. No membrane covered organelles 3. Circular DNA 4. Examples: Bacteria! Draw picture!!!! Eukaryotic Cells
- 4. Prokaryotic Cells Did you know? Prokaryotic cells were probably the first type of cells to exist on Earth and are commonly found in the oldest fossils ever found.
- 5. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells 1. No nucleus 1. Nucleus 2. No membrane covered organelles 2. Membrane covered organelles 3. Circular DNA 3. Linear DNA (line) 4. Examples: Bacteria! Draw picture!!!! 4. Examples: Every other type of cell: animal, plant fungus, protist
- 6. Eukaryotic Cells Did you know…. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and are larger. This type of cell has a nucleus and many organelles inside. This allows the cell to perform many different jobs in multicellular organisms!
- 7. Eukaryotic Cells – The Inside Scoop! Click on the cell to visit CellsAlive.com! This site contains an interactive cell parts diagram and a Quick Quiz as well!
- 8. • Neurons, or nerve cells are the longest cells in the human body. They can be more than 1meter long!
- 9. • Red blood cells do not have a nucleus. They are produced in the "flat" bones of the body, live for about 120 days, and die without reproducing. Their sole purpose is to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. The END!!!
- 10. Questions 1. A bacteria cell is an example of a _______________. a. Eukaryotic cell b. Prokaryotic cell 2. A ___________ cell has a membrane around it’s nucleus. a. Eukaryotic cell b. Prokaryotic cell