This presentation describes a research project which involved microbial genome sequencing at a copper mining site in Malaysia. The associated publication is available at the link in the presentation.
Organ culture is defined as the description and development in vitro of any organ or in the portion of organs where many tissue constituents like Parenchyma and Stroma, and there structural correlation and function are protected in culture. For what the explanted tissue narrowly look like its parent tissue in vitro.
This presentation highlights some important facts about biotechnology in relationship to plants. it lay emphasis on some factors associated with biotechnology, the importance of it and the negative impact as well.
This presentation describes a research project which involved microbial genome sequencing at a copper mining site in Malaysia. The associated publication is available at the link in the presentation.
Organ culture is defined as the description and development in vitro of any organ or in the portion of organs where many tissue constituents like Parenchyma and Stroma, and there structural correlation and function are protected in culture. For what the explanted tissue narrowly look like its parent tissue in vitro.
This presentation highlights some important facts about biotechnology in relationship to plants. it lay emphasis on some factors associated with biotechnology, the importance of it and the negative impact as well.
molecular farming is the production of pharmaceutically important proteins in plants.Is going to be the next destination for agriculture biotechnology. By this method, we can provide medicines for all at an affordable price.
Introduction
History
Genetic mapping
DNA Markers
Physical mapping
Importance
Drawback
Conclusion
References
uses genetic techniques to construct maps showing the positions of genes and other sequence features on a genome.
Genetic techniques include cross-breeding experiments or, in the case of humans, the examination of family histories (pedigrees).
A physical map of a chromosome or a genome that shows the physical locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest. Physical maps are used to help scientists identify and isolate genes by positional cloning.
According to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping), there are five different types of maps: General Reference, Topographical, Thematic, Navigation Charts and Cadastral Maps and Plans.
A plant genome project aims to discover all genes and their function in a particular plant species.
The main objective of genomic research in any species is to sequence the whole genome and functions of all the different coding and non-coding sequences.
These techniques helped in preparation of molecular maps of many plant genomes.
Plant genome projects initially focused on a few model organisms that are characterized by small genomes or their amenability to genetic studies
Since sequencing technologies have moved on, sequencing cost have dropped and bioinformatics tools advanced, the genomes of many plant species including the enormous genome of bread wheat have been assembled
Genome sequencing projects have been carried out on all three plant genomes: the nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes
This opened venues for advanced molecular breeding and manipulation of plant species, but also have accelerated phylogenetics studies amongst species
Several excellent curated plant genome databases, besides the general nucleotide data base archives, allow public access of plant genomes
molecular farming is the production of pharmaceutically important proteins in plants.Is going to be the next destination for agriculture biotechnology. By this method, we can provide medicines for all at an affordable price.
Introduction
History
Genetic mapping
DNA Markers
Physical mapping
Importance
Drawback
Conclusion
References
uses genetic techniques to construct maps showing the positions of genes and other sequence features on a genome.
Genetic techniques include cross-breeding experiments or, in the case of humans, the examination of family histories (pedigrees).
A physical map of a chromosome or a genome that shows the physical locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest. Physical maps are used to help scientists identify and isolate genes by positional cloning.
According to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping), there are five different types of maps: General Reference, Topographical, Thematic, Navigation Charts and Cadastral Maps and Plans.
A plant genome project aims to discover all genes and their function in a particular plant species.
The main objective of genomic research in any species is to sequence the whole genome and functions of all the different coding and non-coding sequences.
These techniques helped in preparation of molecular maps of many plant genomes.
Plant genome projects initially focused on a few model organisms that are characterized by small genomes or their amenability to genetic studies
Since sequencing technologies have moved on, sequencing cost have dropped and bioinformatics tools advanced, the genomes of many plant species including the enormous genome of bread wheat have been assembled
Genome sequencing projects have been carried out on all three plant genomes: the nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes
This opened venues for advanced molecular breeding and manipulation of plant species, but also have accelerated phylogenetics studies amongst species
Several excellent curated plant genome databases, besides the general nucleotide data base archives, allow public access of plant genomes
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
2. Now that we have learned how livingNow that we have learned how living
things are organized what’s next?things are organized what’s next?
We will learn more about the lowest levelWe will learn more about the lowest level
of organization: cellsof organization: cells
What is the first thing that we need to knowWhat is the first thing that we need to know
about cells?about cells?
All cells fall into one of the two majorAll cells fall into one of the two major
classifications of either prokaryotic orclassifications of either prokaryotic or
eukaryotic.eukaryotic.
3.
4. What’s the difference betweenWhat’s the difference between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes?prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells were here first and forwere here first and for
billions of years were the only form of lifebillions of years were the only form of life
on Earth. Allon Earth. All prokaryoticprokaryotic organisms areorganisms are
unicellularunicellular
Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells appeared on earth longappeared on earth long
afterafter prokaryotic cellsprokaryotic cells but they are muchbut they are much
more advanced.more advanced. EukaryoticEukaryotic organismsorganisms
unlikeunlike prokaryoticprokaryotic can becan be unicellularunicellular oror
multicellularmulticellular..
7. VibrioVibrio
fischerifischeri
Glow inGlow in
the darkthe dark
bacteriabacteria
Helps itHelps it
survive insurvive in
the oceanthe ocean
Lives inLives in
fish andfish and
otherother
marinemarine
lifelife
8. Let’s Take a Look at theLet’s Take a Look at the
Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell.Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell.
Oldest type of cell appeared about four billionOldest type of cell appeared about four billion
years ago.years ago.
Prokaryotes are the largest group of organismsProkaryotes are the largest group of organisms
Prokaryotes unicellular organisms that are foundProkaryotes unicellular organisms that are found
in all environments.in all environments.
9. Let’s Take a Look at theLet’s Take a Look at the
Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane .Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane .
Their circular shaped genetic material dispersedTheir circular shaped genetic material dispersed
throughout cytoplasm.throughout cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes do not have membrane-boundProkaryotes do not have membrane-bound
organelles .organelles .
Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure.Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure.
Prokaryotes are smaller in size when comparedProkaryotes are smaller in size when compared
to Eukaryotes.to Eukaryotes.
12. Now let’s take a look at theNow let’s take a look at the
characteristics of eukaryotescharacteristics of eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells appeared approximatelyEukaryotic cells appeared approximately
one billion years agoone billion years ago
Eukaryotes are generally more advancedEukaryotes are generally more advanced
than prokaryotesthan prokaryotes
Nuclear membrane surrounds linearNuclear membrane surrounds linear
genetic material (DNA)genetic material (DNA)
13. Is there more? Yes!!!Is there more? Yes!!!
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have severalUnlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have several
different parts.different parts.
Prokaryote’s organelles have coverings knownProkaryote’s organelles have coverings known
asas membranes.membranes.
EukaryotesEukaryotes have a complex internal structure.have a complex internal structure.
Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size .Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size .
14. What do eukaryotic cells lookWhat do eukaryotic cells look
like?like?Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi
Complex
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
15. How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?
ProkaryotesProkaryotes
Organelles lack aOrganelles lack a
membranemembrane
Ribosomes are theRibosomes are the
only organellesonly organelles
Genetic materialGenetic material
floats in thefloats in the
cytoplasm (DNA andcytoplasm (DNA and
RNA)RNA)
EukaryotesEukaryotes
Organelles coveredOrganelles covered
by a membraneby a membrane
Multiple organellesMultiple organelles
including ribosomesincluding ribosomes
Membrane coveredMembrane covered
Genetic materialGenetic material
16. How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?
ProkaryotesProkaryotes
Circular DNACircular DNA
UnicellularUnicellular
Cells are smaller inCells are smaller in
sizesize
Has larger number ofHas larger number of
organismsorganisms
EukaryotesEukaryotes
Linear DNALinear DNA
May be multicellularMay be multicellular
or unicellularor unicellular
Cells are larger inCells are larger in
sizesize
Has smaller numberHas smaller number
of organismsof organisms
17. How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?
ProkaryotesProkaryotes
Appeared 4 billionAppeared 4 billion
years agoyears ago
EukaryotesEukaryotes
Appeared 1 billionAppeared 1 billion
years agoyears ago
18. How do the similarities line up?How do the similarities line up?
Lets See!!!Lets See!!!
Both types of cells haveBoth types of cells have
cell membranes (outercell membranes (outer
covering of the cell)covering of the cell)
Both types of cells haveBoth types of cells have
ribosomesribosomes
Both types of cells haveBoth types of cells have
DNADNA
Both types of cells have aBoth types of cells have a
liquid environment knownliquid environment known
as the cytoplasmas the cytoplasm
19. Your turn:Your turn:
Make a Venn Diagram outlining theMake a Venn Diagram outlining the
similarities and differences betweensimilarities and differences between
prokaryotes and eukaryotesprokaryotes and eukaryotes
You may use your book and/or consultYou may use your book and/or consult
your teammateyour teammate