Turbojets can be highly efficient for supersonic aircraft. Turbojets have poor efficiency at low vehicle speeds, which limits their usefulness in vehicles other than aircraft. Turbojet engines have been used in isolated cases to power vehicles other than aircraft, typically for attempts on land speed records.
This presentation covers about 'Heat Engine' precisely.Two Stroke Engine, Four Stroke Engine-Comparison, working Principle, Description of Engine Components, Cooling system, Lubricating system, Timing Diagram etc. It will be helpful for Mechanical Engineering students, so will for Electrical Engineering Students and obviously for those who want to learn about 'Engine' to meet personal thirst. Enjoy.
This presentation covers about 'Heat Engine' precisely.Two Stroke Engine, Four Stroke Engine-Comparison, working Principle, Description of Engine Components, Cooling system, Lubricating system, Timing Diagram etc. It will be helpful for Mechanical Engineering students, so will for Electrical Engineering Students and obviously for those who want to learn about 'Engine' to meet personal thirst. Enjoy.
In the hydrocarbon processing and production industry, gas is compressed for transportation to consuming markets and for use in processing operations. This presentation is about the construction and operation of compressors.
In this presentation you will learn about the construction and operation of centrifugal compressors.
Surging is associated with sudden drop in delivery pressure & with violent aerodynamic pulsation which is transmitted throughout the machine
the position is reached where no further increase in mass flow can be obtained no matter how wide open the control valve is ‐ CHOKING
In the hydrocarbon processing and production industry, gas is compressed for transportation to consuming markets and for use in processing operations. This presentation is about the construction and operation of compressors.
In this presentation you will learn about the construction and operation of centrifugal compressors.
Surging is associated with sudden drop in delivery pressure & with violent aerodynamic pulsation which is transmitted throughout the machine
the position is reached where no further increase in mass flow can be obtained no matter how wide open the control valve is ‐ CHOKING
FABRICATION AND IMPLIMENTATION OF TUEBOCHARGER ON TWO STROKE VEHICLEijiert bestjournal
In present situation everybody in this world needs to ride a high powered,high fuel efficient and less emission two wheelers. In order to meet the requirements of the people an attempt have been made this in this proje ct to increase the power by using the exhaust gas of the engine by passing this gas o n to turbine compressor arrangement. This compressor compresses the fresh a ir and is sent to the carburetor. Now a days the demand of the fuel is increased beca use of turbocharger is important to increase the performance and the fuel efficiency is increased by using turbocharger.
Brayton or Joule cycle -P-V diagram and thermal efficiency. Construction and working of gas turbine i] Open cycle ii] Closed cycle gas turbine, simple circuit, Comparison, P-V & T-S diagramTurbojet and Turboprop Engine and Application
This lesson includes activities for illustrating concepts related to materials selection for laser cutter use. Commonly used materials and their expected behaviors are discussed. We also discuss why some materials are unsafe or unsuitable for laser cutting
Safe Materials
The materials that the laser can cut, are materials like wood, paper, cork, and some kinds of plastics.
Etching can be done on almost anything, wood, cardboard, aluminum, stainless steel, plastic, marble, stone, tile, and glass.
NX is one of the world’s most advanced and tightly integrated CAD/CAM/CAE product development solutions. Spanning the entire range of product development, NX delivers immense value to enterprises of all sizes. It simplifies complex product designs, thus speeding up the process of introducing products to the market.
NX is one of the world’s most advanced and tightly integrated CAD/CAM/CAE product development solutions. Spanning the entire range of product development, NX delivers immense value to enterprises of all sizes. It simplifies complex product designs, thus speeding up the process of introducing products to the market.
Manufacturing cost is the sum of costs of all resources consumed in the process of making a product. The manufacturing cost is classified into three categories: direct materials cost, direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead.
3D printing is a very popular form of manufacturing, used to create objects from digital designs, by layering resin to build a 3D component. ... To simply answer the question “Why is it called additive manufacturing?”, it is because the build process adds instead of subtracts raw material
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing technologySTAY CURIOUS
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing
3D printing is the process of building an object one thin layer at a time. It is fundamentally additive rather than subtractive in nature. To many, 3D printing is the singular production of often-ornate objects on a desktop printer.
Design of Stage Progressive Die for a Sheet Metal Component STAY CURIOUS
Progressive die stamping is a metal forming process widely used to produce parts for various industries, such as automotive, electronics and appliances. Progressive die stamping consists of several individual work stations, each of which performs one or more different operations on the part.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) & Manufacturing AutomationSTAY CURIOUS
Manufacturing automation. Automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical product. They perform operations such as processing, assembly, inspection, or material handling, in some cases accomplishing more than one of these operations in the same system.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining is the process through which computers control machine-based processes in manufacturing. The kinds of machines controlled include lathes, mills, routers and grinders – all used for manufacturing of metal and plastic products.
Non-traditional machining, also known as “non-conventional machining” or “modern machining method”, generally refers to the machining method of removing or adding materials with energy of electricity, heat energy, light energy, electrochemical energy, chemical energy, sound energy and special mechanical energy,
AutoCAD LT 2D CAD software is the perfect solution for designers and drafters who want an easy-to-use tool for creating drawings faster and with more precision. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation. Cost-effective 2D CAD software for drafting, drawing and documentation.
A gear bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing similar to an epicyclic gear. Gear bearings consist of a number of smaller 'satellite' gears which revolve around the center of the bearing along a track on the outsides of the internal and satellite gears, and on the inside of the external gear.
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems must support both road holding/handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other.
A brake system is designed to slow and halt the motion of vehicle. To do this, various components within the brake system must convert vehicle's moving energy into heat. This is done by using friction. Friction is the resistance to movement exerted by two objects on each other.
A 2 stroke engine uses regular gasoline to which you add a small amount of oil. You can run a 4 stroke motor with fuel youve mixed for a 2 stroke. You may have oil smoke from the exhaust or foul plugs over some time, but it wont hurt the engine. You cannot run diesel fuel in a gas engine or vice versa either.
We’ve all been there: You’re driving along the freeway, enjoying the views, and all of a sudden, you hear a beep—you look down, and a symbol appears on your dashboard. You start to wonder what could be wrong.
Some symbols on your car’s dashboard are more obvious than others. However, it’s important to know exactly what they mean in case you need to pull over and call for help. At Virginia Tire & Auto, your safety is our No. 1 priority. That’s why we’re breaking down your dashboard, symbol by symbol.We’ve all been there: You’re driving along the freeway, enjoying the views, and all of a sudden, you hear a beep—you look down, and a symbol appears on your dashboard. You start to wonder what could be wrong.
Some symbols on your car’s dashboard are more obvious than others. However, it’s important to know exactly what they mean in case you need to pull over and call for help. At Virginia Tire & Auto, your safety is our No. 1 priority. That’s why we’re breaking down your dashboard, symbol by symbol.
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems must support both road holding/handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other.
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool, causing fusion. Welding is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. INTRODUCTION.
PRIMARY COMPONENTS OF TURBOJET ENGINE.
AFTERBURNER.
THRUST REVERSERS.
WORKING OF TURBOJET ENGINE.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION-BRAYTON CYCLE.
MERITS AND DEMERITS.
APPLICATIONS.
3. Turbojets are the oldest kind of general-purpose jet engines.
Turbojets are rotary engines that extracts energy from a flow of combustion gas.
They produce thrust by increasing the velocity of the air flowing through the
engine and operate on Newton’s third law of motion " For every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction”.
4.
5. Air intake
Air intake aims at bringing large amounts of surrounding air into the engine.
A tube-shaped inlet, like one you would see on an airliner usually of cylindrical or
conical design.
Inlets come in many shapes and sizes depending on the aircraft.
6. The compressor rotates at very high speed, adding energy to the airflow and at
the same time squeezing it into a smaller space. Compressing the air increases
its pressure and temperature. The compressor is driven by the turbine.
Compressors used in turbojet engines are mainly classified as:
Axial Flow Compressors.
Centrifugal Compressors.
7. Axial compressors are rotating, airfoil
based compressors in which the working
fluid principally flows parallel to the axis
of rotation.
Axial compressors consist of a shaft
that drives a central drum which has a
number of annular airfoil rows attached.
These rotate between a similar number
of stationary airfoil rows attached to a
stationary tubular casing. A pair of
rotating and stationary airfoils is called a
stage. The cross-sectional area between
rotor drum and casing is reduced in the
flow direction to maintain axial velocity
as the fluid is compressed.
8. Centrifugal compressors are
rotating, airfoil based compressors in
which the working fluid principally
flows perpendicular to the axis of
rotation.
Centrifugal compressors consist of
a shaft that drives a impeller which
has a number of curved blades.
The impeller rotates in a casing which
is designed to convert the kinetic
energy of the fluid into pressure
energy before leaving the compressor.
9. In a turbojet the
air and fuel mixture
passes unconfined
through the
combustion chamber.
As the mixture burns
its temperature
increases dramatically.
The combustion
chamber is usually in
the form of cans,
which comprise the
fuel injector and flame
holder.
10. Hot gases leaving the combustor
are allowed to expand through the
turbine. Turbines are usually made
up of high temperature metals such
as inconel.
The turbine's rotational energy is
used primarily to drive the
compressor. and other accessories,
like fuel, oil, and hydraulic pumps.
In a turbojet almost two-thirds
of all the power generated by
burning fuel is used by the
compressor to compress the air for
the engine.
11. After the turbine, the gases are allowed to expand through the exhaust nozzle
to atmospheric pressure, producing a high velocity jet in the exhaust plume.
In a convergent nozzle, the ducting narrows progressively to a throat.
12. An afterburner or "reheat jet-pipe" is a device added to the rear of the jet
engine. It provides a means of spraying fuel directly into the hot exhaust, where
it ignites and boosts available thrust significantly; a drawback is its very high
fuel consumption rate..
13. The thrust reverser is, essentially, a pair of clamshell doors mounted at the
rear of the engine which, when deployed, divert thrust normal to the jet engine
flow to help slow an aircraft upon landing. They are often used in conjunction
with spoilers. The accidental deployment of a thrust reverser during flight is a
dangerous event that can lead to loss of control and destruction of the aircraft.
14. Air is drawn into the rotating compressor via the intake and is compressed to a
higher pressure before entering the combustion chamber.
Fuel is mixed with the compressed air and ignited by a flame in the eddy of a
flame holder.
Hot combustion products leaving the combustor expand through the turbine
where power is extracted to drive the compressor.
The gas stream exiting the turbine expands to ambient pressure via the
propelling nozzle, producing a high velocity jet in the exhaust plume.
15.
16. Thermodynamics of a jet engine are modeled approximately by a Brayton Cycle.
Ideal Brayton cycle comprise of the following Thermodynamics Processes:
Isentropic Compression Process.
Isobaric Heat Addition Process.
Isentropic Expansion Process.
Isobaric Heat Rejection Process.
17. Merits of Turbojet Engines:
Very high power-to-weight ratio.
Compact than most reciprocating engines
of the same power rating.
Fewer moving parts than reciprocating
engines.
Low operating pressures.
High operation speeds.
Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.
Demerits of Turbojet Engines:
Cost
Longer startup than reciprocating engines
Less responsive to changes in power
demand compared to reciprocating engines.
7 CYLINDER BMW 801 AIRCRAFT ENGINE
18. THE MESSERSCHMITT Me 262 :
The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter
aircraft. In combat, when properly flown, it proved to be essentially untouchable, able
to outrun its Allied counterparts by as much as 100 mph.
19. CONCORDE:-
One of the most recent
uses of turbojet engines
was the Olympus 593 on
Concorde.
Concorde used turbojet
engines because it turns
out that the small cross-
section and high exhaust
speed is ideal for
operation at Mach 2.
20. THRUST 2:
In 1983 the car reached a top speed of 650.88 mph (1,047.49 km/h) and broke
the record at 633.468 mph (1,019.468 km/h). It is powered by a single Rolls-Royce
Avon jet engine sourced from an English Electric Lightning.