Impulse and reaction steam turbines
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The document presents information on impulse and reaction steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines convert the thermal energy of high temperature steam into mechanical power. Impulse turbines use nozzles to accelerate steam to high velocity, which then strikes turbine blades to rotate the shaft via momentum transfer without pressure change. Reaction turbines gradually decrease steam pressure across fixed and moving blades, extracting energy from pressure and velocity changes. The document compares the two turbine types and includes diagrams and references for further information.
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Impulse and reaction turbines
There are two basic types of turbines: impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades, deriving energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the steam's pressure and kinetic energy driving the moving blades. Most steam turbines use a mixture of impulse and reaction stages to maximize efficiency. Turbines are used widely in power plants, ships, aircraft engines and other applications to convert fluid energy into useful rotational work.
[PPT] on Steam Turbine
SUMIT SHARMA PANCHLI , SHANTI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KURALI ''MEERUT'' , B.Tech (ME 2nd Year)
Subject-APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
Steam turbine
The document summarizes key aspects of steam turbines. It begins by explaining that a steam turbine converts the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy and then rotational energy to generate power. It then describes the basic Rankine cycle used in steam turbine power plants.
The main body explains the principles of operation for impulse and reaction turbines. In an impulse turbine, steam expands within nozzles and does not change pressure as it moves over blades, while in a reaction turbine steam pressure gradually drops as it expands over fixed and moving blades.
Finally, it discusses methods to improve efficiency, such as compounding and reheat, where dividing the expansion process into multiple stages separated by reheaters increases overall efficiency compared to a single stage by
Steam turbine and its types
Steam turbine and its typesANKIT SAXENA Asst. Prof. @ Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and Management, New Delhi
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaftrankine cycle
This document presents information on the Rankine cycle. It contains the following key points:
1. The Rankine cycle converts heat into work through a closed loop that uses water as the working fluid. It generates about 90% of the world's electric power.
2. An ideal Rankine cycle involves isothermal and isobaric processes, while a real cycle involves non-reversible and isentropic compression and expansion.
3. Variations like the reheat cycle and regeneration cycle can improve the efficiency by reheating steam before the turbine or preheating feedwater, but increase costs.
STEAM NOZZLE AND STEAM TURBINE
This document provides information about steam nozzles and steam turbines. It discusses:
1. Steam nozzles convert the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy by accelerating steam through a passage of varying cross-section.
2. Steam turbines convert the high-pressure, high-temperature steam from a steam generator into rotational shaft work.
3. There are three main types of nozzles used in steam turbines: convergent, divergent, and convergent-divergent. Convergent-divergent nozzles are widely used today.
4. The document then discusses concepts like Mach number and critical pressure that are important for steam nozzle and turbine operation.
Steam turbines
The document discusses the basics of steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines convert the potential energy of high-pressure, high-temperature steam into kinetic energy and then mechanical energy. This mechanical energy can be used to drive rotating equipment. Steam turbines are preferred in process plants because waste heat from reactions generates high-pressure steam. The document describes the main types of turbines and compares impulse and reaction turbines. It also outlines key components, safety devices, starting procedures, maintenance checks, and losses within steam turbine systems.
Classification of steam Turbine
Steam turbines use the momentum of steam to generate rotary motion. They are classified based on the mode of steam action (impulse or reaction), steam flow direction (axial or radial), exhaust conditions (condensing or non-condensing), steam pressure (high, medium, low), and number of stages (single or multi-stage). An impulse turbine operates using the impulse of steam jets which impinge on turbine blades, changing the steam's direction and generating force. It consists of nozzles that direct high velocity steam onto blades attached to a circular runner, and a casing that contains these components.
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Impulse and reaction turbines
There are two basic types of turbines: impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades, deriving energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the steam's pressure and kinetic energy driving the moving blades. Most steam turbines use a mixture of impulse and reaction stages to maximize efficiency. Turbines are used widely in power plants, ships, aircraft engines and other applications to convert fluid energy into useful rotational work.
[PPT] on Steam Turbine
SUMIT SHARMA PANCHLI , SHANTI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KURALI ''MEERUT'' , B.Tech (ME 2nd Year)
Subject-APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
Steam turbine
The document summarizes key aspects of steam turbines. It begins by explaining that a steam turbine converts the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy and then rotational energy to generate power. It then describes the basic Rankine cycle used in steam turbine power plants.
The main body explains the principles of operation for impulse and reaction turbines. In an impulse turbine, steam expands within nozzles and does not change pressure as it moves over blades, while in a reaction turbine steam pressure gradually drops as it expands over fixed and moving blades.
Finally, it discusses methods to improve efficiency, such as compounding and reheat, where dividing the expansion process into multiple stages separated by reheaters increases overall efficiency compared to a single stage by
Steam turbine and its types
Steam turbine and its typesANKIT SAXENA Asst. Prof. @ Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and Management, New Delhi
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaftrankine cycle
This document presents information on the Rankine cycle. It contains the following key points:
1. The Rankine cycle converts heat into work through a closed loop that uses water as the working fluid. It generates about 90% of the world's electric power.
2. An ideal Rankine cycle involves isothermal and isobaric processes, while a real cycle involves non-reversible and isentropic compression and expansion.
3. Variations like the reheat cycle and regeneration cycle can improve the efficiency by reheating steam before the turbine or preheating feedwater, but increase costs.
STEAM NOZZLE AND STEAM TURBINE
This document provides information about steam nozzles and steam turbines. It discusses:
1. Steam nozzles convert the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy by accelerating steam through a passage of varying cross-section.
2. Steam turbines convert the high-pressure, high-temperature steam from a steam generator into rotational shaft work.
3. There are three main types of nozzles used in steam turbines: convergent, divergent, and convergent-divergent. Convergent-divergent nozzles are widely used today.
4. The document then discusses concepts like Mach number and critical pressure that are important for steam nozzle and turbine operation.
Steam turbines
The document discusses the basics of steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines convert the potential energy of high-pressure, high-temperature steam into kinetic energy and then mechanical energy. This mechanical energy can be used to drive rotating equipment. Steam turbines are preferred in process plants because waste heat from reactions generates high-pressure steam. The document describes the main types of turbines and compares impulse and reaction turbines. It also outlines key components, safety devices, starting procedures, maintenance checks, and losses within steam turbine systems.
Classification of steam Turbine
Steam turbines use the momentum of steam to generate rotary motion. They are classified based on the mode of steam action (impulse or reaction), steam flow direction (axial or radial), exhaust conditions (condensing or non-condensing), steam pressure (high, medium, low), and number of stages (single or multi-stage). An impulse turbine operates using the impulse of steam jets which impinge on turbine blades, changing the steam's direction and generating force. It consists of nozzles that direct high velocity steam onto blades attached to a circular runner, and a casing that contains these components.
Steam Turbines Basics
This document discusses steam turbines, including their working principles and different types. It describes how potential energy from steam is converted to kinetic energy and then mechanical energy in a turbine. There are two main types of turbines - impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines expand steam fully in nozzles before it hits moving blades, while reaction turbines feature continuous expansion over fixed and moving blades. The document also discusses methods of compounding turbines to reduce rotor speed, including velocity, pressure, and pressure-velocity compounding.
Steam turbine Working
Steam turbines work by converting the energy of expanding steam into rotational motion. They have several key components and come in two main types: impulse and reaction. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct high velocity steam onto turbine blades for impulse, while reaction turbines utilize both fixed and moving blades to expand steam. Common problems in steam turbines include stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, thermal fatigue, and pitting due to chemical attack from corrosive elements in the steam. Proper lubrication and preventing blade deterioration are important for optimizing steam turbine performance and lifespan.
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1. The document discusses steam turbines, including their basic definition and classification as either impulse or reaction turbines. It describes the key components and operating principles of each type.
2. Compounding is discussed as a way to reduce the extremely high rotational speeds of impulse turbines by expanding steam in multiple stages. The three main types of compounding are described.
3. The document outlines some of the main advantages of steam turbines, including their higher thermal efficiency compared to steam engines. Uniform power output and lack of initial condensation losses are also cited as advantages.
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- Superheaters convert saturated steam into dry steam, with radiant and convection types located in different parts of the boiler.
- Economizers reduce energy usage by preheating incoming fluids like feedwater.
- Air preheaters recover heat from flue gases to preheat combustion air and improve boiler efficiency.
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The document discusses different methods of governing steam turbines to maintain a constant rotational speed despite varying loads. Throttle governing reduces steam pressure through a restricted passage before entering the turbine. Nozzle governing opens and closes sets of nozzles to control steam flow. Bypass governing introduces steam into later turbine stages during overloads. Combination governing uses two methods, typically bypass and nozzle. Electro-hydraulic governing uses electronic, hydraulic, and mechanical components to precisely control steam flow and allow synchronization to power grids for load and frequency regulation.
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This document compares reaction and impulse turbines. It states that impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved buckets, extracting kinetic energy from the steam. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades with the steam gliding over both and losing pressure. The key differences are that impulse turbines use steam kinetic energy from nozzles while reaction turbines use both pressure and kinetic energy, and that impulse turbine blades are symmetrical while reaction turbine blades are asymmetrical. Most efficient steam turbines use a combination of impulse and reaction stages.
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Steam turbine and its types
This document discusses the Rankine cycle, which is a thermodynamic cycle derived from the Carnot vapor power cycle. It consists of four processes: 1) Isobaric heat supply in the boiler where water is heated to high pressure steam, 2) Adiabatic expansion of the steam in a turbine to produce work, 3) Isobaric heat rejection in the condenser where the steam is condensed back to water, and 4) Adiabatic pumping of the condensate back to the boiler to complete the cycle. The heat and work transfers are also defined for each process.
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This document provides information about steam turbines, including:
- Steam turbines convert the thermal energy of steam into rotational mechanical energy through a series of stages, with modern turbines invented by Charles Parsons in 1884.
- About 90% of electricity in the US is generated using steam turbines, as the rotary motion produced is well-suited to drive electrical generators.
- Steam turbines come in a wide range of sizes, from small <0.75 kW units for pumps and compressors, to large 1,500 MW turbines for electricity generation. They can be classified in various ways such as by flow direction, number of stages, steam pressure, or governing method.
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This document presents information about turbines submitted by Rajeev Kumar Mandal. It includes an introduction defining turbines as devices that convert the kinetic, potential, or intermolecular energy of a fluid into mechanical energy of a rotating member. It then discusses the basic components and design of turbines. It classifies turbines based on their operation as either impulse turbines, which use fluid velocity changes to spin the turbine, or reaction turbines, which react to fluid pressure changes. Examples of different types of turbines are provided, including steam, gas, water, and wind turbines. The document focuses on steam turbines, explaining their use in power plants to generate electricity from coal, oil, or nuclear energy.
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The document provides lecture notes on steam nozzles and power plants. It discusses:
1) The basic components and energy conversion process in thermal power plants, including the Rankine cycle in which water is heated to steam to power a turbine and generator.
2) The history and development of steam turbines, from early aeolipile devices to modern turbines invented by Charles Parsons in 1884.
3) How energy is converted in steam turbines via nozzles that accelerate steam to high velocity to impulse turbine blades and produce rotation.
4) Details on nozzle types, flow properties, relationships between area, velocity and pressure, and equations for calculating velocity from enthalpy change.
Classification of boilers
The boiler system comprises a feed-water system, steam system, and fuel system. The feed-water system supplies treated water to the boiler and regulate it automatically to meet the steam demand. Various valves and controls are provided to access for maintenance and monitoring.
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This document provides an overview of steam turbine manufacturing at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) Hyderabad. It discusses BHEL's main turbine types, the thermal power plant system, Rankine cycles, steam turbine components, compounding methods, and the manufacturing process for steam turbine blades at BHEL Hyderabad. The 201 Shop focuses on turbine manufacturing using various machine bays and production processes to fabricate turbine components from raw materials.
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The document describes the simple Rankine cycle used in steam power plants. It consists of four main processes: 1) boiling water in a boiler to produce steam, 2) expanding steam in a turbine to produce work, 3) condensing steam into water in a condenser, and 4) pumping water back to the boiler using a pump. The cycle uses phase changes of water between liquid and vapor states to convert heat energy into useful work via the turbine. While superheating steam could increase turbine output, it risks cavitation damage to pumps from incomplete condensation back to liquid water.
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This document provides information about different types of steam boilers. It begins by defining a steam boiler and classifications including by geometric orientation (horizontal, vertical, inclined), relative position of water and hot gases (fire tube, water tube), location of furnace (externally fired, internally fired), method of water circulation (natural, forced), working pressure (high, medium, low), mobility (stationary, mobile), and number of tubes. Specific boiler types are then described in more detail like the Cochran boiler, Babcock and Wilcox boiler, and Lancashire boiler. Their key components, construction features, and workings are outlined. Advantages and disadvantages of different boiler types are also summarized.
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This document provides an overview of boilers and their parts. It begins by defining a boiler as a closed vessel that produces steam from water via fuel combustion. Boilers can be classified based on their axis, whether they use fire tubes or water tubes, and whether combustion is external or internal. Key components that control boiler operation and safety include safety valves, water level indicators, pressure gauges, and blow-off cocks. Accessories like feed pumps, injectors, economizers, air preheaters, and superheaters can increase boiler efficiency. The document outlines the basic working principle of how heat from fuel combustion is transferred to water to produce steam within the closed boiler vessel.
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1) A steam turbine uses the dynamic action of steam to convert the energy of high pressure and high temperature steam into mechanical power. Steam is expanded in nozzles which converts pressure energy to kinetic energy.
2) There are two main types of steam turbines - impulse turbines which use the kinetic energy of steam and reaction turbines which use continuous pressure drop of steam as it passes through fixed and moving blades.
3) Compounding involves arranging steam expansion in multiple stages to reduce rotor speed. Methods include velocity compounding using multiple moving blades, pressure compounding with partial expansion at each nozzle, and pressure-velocity compounding combining both.
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This presentation discusses steam turbines. It begins with introducing steam and its properties. It then discusses the basic steam power plant process and the Rankine cycle. It describes the main types of steam turbines as impulse and reaction turbines and explains compounding. It covers losses in steam turbines and concepts like stage efficiency and reheat factor. Velocity triangles, degree of reaction, and blade height in axial flow turbines are also summarized. The presentation provides a concise overview of key concepts and components of steam turbines.
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Steam turbines work by converting the energy of expanding steam into rotational motion. They have several key components and come in two main types: impulse and reaction. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct high velocity steam onto turbine blades for impulse, while reaction turbines utilize both fixed and moving blades to expand steam. Common problems in steam turbines include stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, thermal fatigue, and pitting due to chemical attack from corrosive elements in the steam. Proper lubrication and preventing blade deterioration are important for optimizing steam turbine performance and lifespan.
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2. Compounding is discussed as a way to reduce the extremely high rotational speeds of impulse turbines by expanding steam in multiple stages. The three main types of compounding are described.
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This document compares reaction and impulse turbines. It states that impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved buckets, extracting kinetic energy from the steam. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades with the steam gliding over both and losing pressure. The key differences are that impulse turbines use steam kinetic energy from nozzles while reaction turbines use both pressure and kinetic energy, and that impulse turbine blades are symmetrical while reaction turbine blades are asymmetrical. Most efficient steam turbines use a combination of impulse and reaction stages.
Heat Exchanger recuperators
Recuperators are heat exchangers that transfer heat from one fluid stream to another without mixing the fluids. They are commonly used to recover waste heat from exhaust gases to preheat intake air in applications like gas turbines, furnaces, and ventilation systems. This increases efficiency by reducing the amount of fuel or additional heat needed. Recuperators transfer heat through a solid barrier separating the fluid streams and come in designs like plate, tube, or rotary. They provide efficiency gains over alternatives but require maintenance to address deposits on heat transfer surfaces over time.
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This document discusses the Rankine cycle, which is a thermodynamic cycle derived from the Carnot vapor power cycle. It consists of four processes: 1) Isobaric heat supply in the boiler where water is heated to high pressure steam, 2) Adiabatic expansion of the steam in a turbine to produce work, 3) Isobaric heat rejection in the condenser where the steam is condensed back to water, and 4) Adiabatic pumping of the condensate back to the boiler to complete the cycle. The heat and work transfers are also defined for each process.
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This document provides information about steam turbines, including:
- Steam turbines convert the thermal energy of steam into rotational mechanical energy through a series of stages, with modern turbines invented by Charles Parsons in 1884.
- About 90% of electricity in the US is generated using steam turbines, as the rotary motion produced is well-suited to drive electrical generators.
- Steam turbines come in a wide range of sizes, from small <0.75 kW units for pumps and compressors, to large 1,500 MW turbines for electricity generation. They can be classified in various ways such as by flow direction, number of stages, steam pressure, or governing method.
Ppt of turbine
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A steam turbine works by transforming the potential energy of steam into kinetic energy and then into rotational mechanical energy. Steam turbines are commonly used for power generation and transport. There are two main types: impulse turbines, where steam pressure remains constant as it strikes and spins turbine blades, and reaction turbines, where steam expands and loses pressure both in nozzles and on moving blades. Impulse turbines generally have higher speeds but reaction turbines are more efficient.
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The document provides lecture notes on steam nozzles and power plants. It discusses:
1) The basic components and energy conversion process in thermal power plants, including the Rankine cycle in which water is heated to steam to power a turbine and generator.
2) The history and development of steam turbines, from early aeolipile devices to modern turbines invented by Charles Parsons in 1884.
3) How energy is converted in steam turbines via nozzles that accelerate steam to high velocity to impulse turbine blades and produce rotation.
4) Details on nozzle types, flow properties, relationships between area, velocity and pressure, and equations for calculating velocity from enthalpy change.
Classification of boilers
The boiler system comprises a feed-water system, steam system, and fuel system. The feed-water system supplies treated water to the boiler and regulate it automatically to meet the steam demand. Various valves and controls are provided to access for maintenance and monitoring.
steam turbines presentation
This document provides an overview of steam turbine manufacturing at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) Hyderabad. It discusses BHEL's main turbine types, the thermal power plant system, Rankine cycles, steam turbine components, compounding methods, and the manufacturing process for steam turbine blades at BHEL Hyderabad. The 201 Shop focuses on turbine manufacturing using various machine bays and production processes to fabricate turbine components from raw materials.
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The document describes the simple Rankine cycle used in steam power plants. It consists of four main processes: 1) boiling water in a boiler to produce steam, 2) expanding steam in a turbine to produce work, 3) condensing steam into water in a condenser, and 4) pumping water back to the boiler using a pump. The cycle uses phase changes of water between liquid and vapor states to convert heat energy into useful work via the turbine. While superheating steam could increase turbine output, it risks cavitation damage to pumps from incomplete condensation back to liquid water.
Boiler ssasit
This document provides information about different types of steam boilers. It begins by defining a steam boiler and classifications including by geometric orientation (horizontal, vertical, inclined), relative position of water and hot gases (fire tube, water tube), location of furnace (externally fired, internally fired), method of water circulation (natural, forced), working pressure (high, medium, low), mobility (stationary, mobile), and number of tubes. Specific boiler types are then described in more detail like the Cochran boiler, Babcock and Wilcox boiler, and Lancashire boiler. Their key components, construction features, and workings are outlined. Advantages and disadvantages of different boiler types are also summarized.
Deaerator
A deaerator provides NPSH to booster pumps, removes gases from feed water, and acts as a heat exchanger. It works by spraying thin films of feed water into a steam atmosphere, quickly heating the water to saturation and reducing the solubility of dissolved gases based on Henry's and solubility laws, so the gases are released and vented from the deaerator. There are two main types - tray and spray deaerators. Spray deaerators are more effective at removing oxygen and lowering gas concentrations through their increased surface area contact between the thin films of water and steam.
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Pumps are mechanical devices that use kinetic energy to move fluids by decreasing pressure in the pump's suction and increasing pressure in the discharge. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use an impeller to accelerate fluid and increase pressure. Common industrial pumps include centrifugal pumps like axial flow, mixed flow, and vertical turbine pumps as well as positive displacement pumps like reciprocating, screw, and gear pumps. Pumps have components like a casing, impeller, shaft, and seals and are classified according to their method of moving fluid.
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This document provides an overview of boilers and their parts. It begins by defining a boiler as a closed vessel that produces steam from water via fuel combustion. Boilers can be classified based on their axis, whether they use fire tubes or water tubes, and whether combustion is external or internal. Key components that control boiler operation and safety include safety valves, water level indicators, pressure gauges, and blow-off cocks. Accessories like feed pumps, injectors, economizers, air preheaters, and superheaters can increase boiler efficiency. The document outlines the basic working principle of how heat from fuel combustion is transferred to water to produce steam within the closed boiler vessel.
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A reaction turbine has a gradual pressure drop over fixed and moving blades, utilizing both impulse and reactive forces. Steam expands through multiple stages of stationary and rotating blades, gradually increasing in volume and decreasing in pressure. More stages are needed compared to impulse turbines of the same capacity due to the pressure drops at each stage. Compounding methods like velocity, pressure, and pressure-velocity compounding are used to reduce the rotor speed to an optimum value by absorbing steam pressure or velocity in stages.
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This document provides an overview of different types of steam turbines used in maritime applications. It discusses the basic design and operation of impulse turbines, impulse-reaction turbines, and pressure compounded turbines. Impulse turbines only utilize changes in steam direction to turn the turbine, while impulse-reaction turbines also utilize pressure drops across the blades. Pressure compounded turbines split the overall pressure drop into multiple smaller stages to reduce steam velocities to practical levels for ship propulsion. The document also covers nozzle design and how it controls the expansion of steam to convert heat energy to kinetic energy for driving the turbine.
ME 6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING UNIT III
This document discusses steam nozzles and turbines. It begins by providing background on the development of steam turbines, including early innovators like de Laval and Parsons. It then covers key topics like the flow of steam through nozzles, different nozzle shapes, impulse and reaction turbines, compounding techniques, and applications of steam turbines. It includes diagrams of velocity diagrams and impulse turbine stages. It concludes with solved problems calculating steam velocities through nozzles using thermodynamic properties.
Steam Turbine_edit.pptx
1. A steam turbine uses the potential energy of steam to rotate a shaft. In an impulse turbine, steam expands only in fixed nozzles and strikes moving blades, changing direction but not pressure. In a reaction turbine, steam expands gradually in both fixed and moving blades as it passes over them.
2. A De Laval turbine is a simple impulse turbine with one set of nozzles. It has a high rotor speed due to absorbing all kinetic energy in one set of blades. Compounding methods like pressure and velocity compounding are used to reduce rotor speed.
3. The basic components of a steam turbine are nozzles, rotor blades, casing and shaft. Impulse turbines use the kinetic energy of steam to rotate
STEAM TURBINE.ppt
This document provides information about steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines work, extracting thermal energy from pressurized steam to power rotation. It describes the invention of the modern steam turbine by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884. It also discusses different types of steam turbines, including impulse and reaction turbines, as well as compounding methods. Additionally, it covers steam turbine components, classification, operation, efficiency, and maintenance.
STEAM AND GAS TURBINES ppt
Turbines can be either impulse or reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades with a bucket-like shape, extracting energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the fixed blades acting as nozzles to increase the steam's velocity before it passes over the moving blades. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines are Francis and Kaplan turbines. Turbines are highly efficient machines that convert the energy in fluids like steam or water into useful rotational work, and they are widely used in applications like power generation, ships, aircraft, and pumps.
TM Module 2
This document provides information about steam nozzles and turbines. It discusses the functions and types of steam nozzles, including convergent, divergent, and convergent-divergent nozzles. It also describes impulse and reaction turbines, the differences between them, and methods of compounding turbines to improve efficiency including velocity, pressure, and pressure-velocity compounding. Additionally, it covers governing methods for steam turbines using throttle, nozzle, and bypass systems to maintain a constant rotation speed under varying loads.
Steam turbine
The document discusses the working principles of steam turbines. It explains that steam turbines extract thermal energy from pressurized steam to produce rotary motion. It describes the ideal Rankine cycle that steam turbines follow, involving isentropic compression, heating, expansion, and cooling processes. There are two main types - impulse turbines that convert steam pressure to velocity and reaction turbines that use both pressure and the reaction force of steam. The document classifies steam turbines and discusses their applications in power generation.
Steam turbine
Steam turbines convert the heat and pressure energy of steam into rotational mechanical energy. They use either impulse or reaction principles. Impulse turbines use nozzles to convert steam pressure into velocity before it strikes moving blades, while reaction turbines allow continuous expansion of steam through fixed and moving blades. Modern steam turbines are highly efficient and use a combination of impulse and reaction stages to fully extract energy from steam. They are important for generating electrical power.
steam turbines
1) Steam turbines convert the energy of high temperature and pressure steam into mechanical power by expanding steam in nozzles and directing the steam jets onto rotating blades, causing them to spin.
2) Modern turbines use a combination of impulse and reaction principles, with some pressure drop in stationary nozzles and some in moving blades.
3) Impulse turbines are efficient for high pressure steam but reaction turbines are needed for lower pressure steam where they can maintain velocity through shaped rotor blades.
steam turbine.pptx
The document provides information about steam turbines, including:
1. It discusses the history of steam turbines, from the first turbine designed by Hero of Alexandria in the 2nd century to modern developments in the late 19th century by engineers like de Laval and Parsons.
2. It explains the basic principles and operation of steam turbines, how steam is expanded through nozzles to impart momentum on turbine blades and rotate the shaft to generate power.
3. It covers different classifications of steam turbines such as impulse vs reaction, single stage vs multi-stage, direction of steam flow, and number of cylinders. Impulse turbines are discussed in more detail, including the basic impulse principle and types like simple, pressure comp
168 w1a0352 intern ppt
The document discusses gas turbines and their components. It provides details about BHEL, an Indian company that manufactures gas turbine components including rotors. It describes the working of gas turbines, the Brayton cycle, components like compressors and turbines. It also discusses factors that affect gas turbine performance such as ambient temperature, pressure and humidity as well as technical parameters like pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and isentropic efficiency.
4PS21CS045.pdf
The document describes the impulse turbine. It defines an impulse turbine as one that works on the principle of impulse, using the kinetic energy of a jet stream to exert force on moving blades. It lists examples like the De Laval and Curtis turbines. The main components are described as the nozzle, rotor, blades, and casing. The working principle is then explained: steam passes through a nozzle and increases in velocity as pressure decreases, imparting kinetic energy. The high-velocity jet steam then strikes the moving blades, changing momentum and causing the rotor and attached shaft to rotate via impulse forces.
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Impulse and reaction steam turbines
- 1. TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING THAPATHALI CAMPUS A PRESENTATION ON: IMPULSE AND REACTION STEAM TURBINES Presenter: Sushil Chapai (Champ) 071-BME-440
- 2. STEAM TURBINES A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from high temperature, pressurized steam and convert a part of the energy into mechanical power-in turn electrical power Prepared by Champ 2 8/8/2017
- 3. On the basis of action of steam, steam turbines are classified as: Impulse steam turbines Reaction steam turbines Prepared by Champ 3 Classification of steam turbines 8/8/2017
- 4. Impulse steam turbines Prepared by Champ 4 In impulse turbine, steam coming out through a fixed nozzle at a very high velocity strikes the blades fixed on the periphery of a rotor. The blades change the direction of steam flow without changing its pressure. The force due to change of momentum causes the rotation of the turbine shaft. Examples: De-Laval, Curtis and Rateau turbines. 8/8/2017
- 5. The uppermost portion of the diagram shows a longitudinal section through the upper half of the turbine. The middle portion shows the actual shape of the nozzle and blading. The bottom portion shows the variation of absolute velocity and absolute pressure during the flow of steam through passage of nozzles and blades. The expansion of steam from its initial pressure (steam chest pressure) to final pressure (condenser pressure) takes place in one set of nozzles. Due to high drop in pressure in the nozzles, the velocity of steam in the nozzles increases. Construction and working of impulse turbine Prepared by Champ 5 8/8/2017
- 6. The steam leaves the nozzle with a very high velocity and strikes the blades of the turbine mounted on a wheel with this high velocity. The loss of energy due to this higher exit velocity is commonly known as carry over loss (or) leaving loss. The pressure of the steam when it moves over the blades remains constant but the velocity decreases. The exit/leaving/lost velocity may amount to 3.3 percent of the nozzle outlet velocity. Also since all the KE is to be absorbed by one ring of the moving blades only, the velocity of wheel is too high (varying from 25000 to 30000 RPM). However, this wheel or rotor speed can be reduced by adopting the method of compounding of turbines. Prepared by Champ 6 8/8/2017
- 7. Prepared by Champ 7 8/8/2017 Please watch this video for working mechanism of impulse steam turbine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xdBOwYHKbQ
- 8. A turbine in which steam pressure decreases gradually while expanding through the moving blades as well as the fixed blades is known as reaction turbine. It consists of a large number of stages, each stage consisting of set of fixed and moving blades. The heat drop takes place throughout in both fixed and moving blades. No nozzles are provided in a reaction turbine. The fixed blades act both as nozzles in which velocity of steam increased and direct the steam to enter the ring of moving blades. As pressure drop takes place both in the fixed and moving blades, all the blades are nozzle shaped. The steam expands while flowing over the moving blades and thus gives reaction to the moving blades. Hence the turbine is called reaction turbine. The fixed blades are attached to the casing whereas moving blades are fixed with the rotor. It is also called Parson’s reaction turbine. Prepared by Champ 8 Reaction steam turbines 8/8/2017
- 9. Fig: Reaction turbine Prepared by Champ 9 8/8/2017
- 10. Prepared by Champ 10 8/8/2017 Working animation of the reaction turbine
- 11. IMPULSE TURBINE VS REACTION TURBINE Impulse turbine Reaction turbine The steam completely expands in the nozzle and its pressure remains constant during its flow through the blade passages The steam expands partially in the nozzle and further expansion takes place in the rotor blades The relative velocity of steam passing over the blade remains constant in the absence of friction The relative velocity of steam passing over the blade increases as the steam expands while passing over the blade Blades are symmetrical Blades are asymmetrical The pressure on both ends of the moving blade is same The pressure on both ends of the moving blade is different For the same power developed, as pressure drop is more, the number of stages required are less For the same power developed, as pressure drop is small, the number of stages required are more The blade efficiency curve is less flat The blade efficiency curve is more flat The steam velocity is very high and therefore the speed of turbine is high. The steam velocity is not very high and therefore the speed of turbine is low.Prepared by Champ 11 8/8/2017
- 12. IMPULSE TURBINE VS REACTION TURBINE Prepared by Champ 12 8/8/2017
- 13. 8/8/2017Prepared by Champ 13 References: http://www.slideshare.net/sumit2549/sumit-sharma-panchli-shanti-institute-of- technology-kurali-meerut-btech-me-2nd-year-ppt-on-steam-turbine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xdBOwYHKbQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyAd-gLO9CE
- 14. Prepared by Champ 14 8/8/2017