This document discusses the genus Trypanosoma, which are single-celled parasitic protozoa that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. It describes their morphology and life cycles. Trypanosoma have a single nucleus, flagellum, and rounded or leaf-like body. They exist in three main forms: amastigotes which are spherical, promastigotes which are elongated, and trypomastigotes which are found in the bloodstream. Examples mentioned are T. lewisi, T. equiperdum, T. brucei gambiense, and T. cruzi. Symptoms in humans are provided for the different stages of infection, such as headaches, fever, and

1. Prepared by:
NOE P. MENDEZ
CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY (CMU)
npolomendez@gmail.com

2. Reference
 Beaver, P.C., R.C. Jung and E. . Cup, 1984. Clinical
Parasitology. Lea and febiger Publishers.
Philadelphia
 Neva, F.A and H.W. Brown. 1994. basic Clinical
parasitology. Appleton and Lange Publishers.
Norwalk, Connecticut
 Despommier, Gwadz, Hotez and Knirsch, 1990.
Parasitc Diseases. Apple Trees productions L.L.C.,
New York

3. Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Protozoa
Class: Zoomastogophora
Order: Kinetoplastida
Family: Trypanosomatidae

4. General Characteristics
 single nucleus
 a single flagellum,
 and a leaf-like or
rounded body
 Members are all
parasitic

5. Morphology

6. Reproduction

7. Amastigote
- spherical
- very short flagellum
Leishmania amastigote

8. Promastigote
- has elongated body
form
- kinetoplast and
kinetosome at the
anterior end, in front of
nucleus

9. Trypomastigote
- characteristic of blood
stream forms
- metacyclic forms in the
invertebrate vector
- undulating membrane
- kinetoplast and
kinetosome

11. Trypanosoma lewisi

12. Trypanosoma equiperdum

13. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

14. Trypanosoma cruzi

16. Diagnosis:
Chronic cases
severe headache, mental apathy,
slow speech, deep sleep, coma
& death
Trypanosoma chancre (at the site
of bite)
Via lymphatics:
enlarged lymph nodes especially
posterior cervical region.
Via blood stream:
headache, fever(fluctuating),
muscle & joint pain, irregular
erythematous rash.

17.  Invasion of bone marrow
 Enlarged liver & spleen,
generalized weakness.
 Invasion of CNS: In East
African Trypanosomiasis:
Disease runs more rapid
& fatal course
Romana’s sign (Unilateral
conjunctivitis appear suddenly)
together with edema of upper &
lower eye lids & cheek