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Acarology
This document provides information about different types of mites and ticks. It begins by listing different orders and families of mites, including Acaridae which are commonly found associated with bees and wasps. It then provides more details on several mite species, including Acarus siro which lives on grains, and Tyrophagus species which live on foods like cheese and can carry pathogens. The document also mentions the mite Rhyzoglyphus robini which infests bulbs and floral plants. Finally, it discusses ticks, comparing features of hard and soft ticks like their life cycles and feeding behaviors.
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Acarology
- 1. 2015-16 Presentation by, Guru P.N. Ph. D. 015/39 Dept. of Agril. Entomology, PGI, MPKV, Rahuri.
- 2. Acari Acariformes (351 families) Trombidiformes Prostigmata Pyemotidae Cheyletidae Sphaerolichida Sarcoptiformes Astigmata Acaridae Pyroglypidae Oribatida Galumnidae Sarcoptidae Endeostigmata Parasitiformes Holothyrida Ixodida Ixodidae (hardticks) Nuttalliellidae Argasidae (soft ticks) Mesostigmata (65 families) Predatory and cryptozoan Phytoseiidae Varroidae Parasitidae Uropodidae Opilidioformes
- 3. Acaridae Commonly foundin association with the Apis and Bombus Adults- Chelicera short and massive, 1.5 times as long as high. Main part of chelicera with blunt frontal tooth; each of its digits bears 3 teeth, bent backward (stationary digit has additional inner tooth in the middle). Gnathosoma short and massive, no more than 1.5 times as long as wide. Hypostoma with rounded- triangular median incision and finely punctate sclerotized area within it. Hypopharynx well-sclerotized, with almost rectangular distal end. Idiosoma elongate. Chaetome of meiotrichous type.
- 4. Acarus siroAcarus siro:on flours and grain (that have absorbed moisture); frequently associated to Aspergillus, Penicillium and Eurotium. Thermic thresholds: 3-30°C Good resistance to scarce availability of oxygen. Tyrophagus putrescentiaeTyrophagus putrescentiae: prefers products at high content of fats and proteins (salami, cheeses, moulds on the surfaces of these products). It lives also in mushroom tunnels and damages were observed on cucumber and melon. It can carry viable spores in its digestive tract as well as on the outside of the body.
- 5. Tyrophagus similisTyrophagus similis:omnivorous (organic substrates, fungi included). Found on cucumber, melon, spinach, etc. It is well-adapted on fresh plant tissues rich of proteins as cotyledon leaves or apical leaves; common in the soil. Damages on spinach
- 6. It infests bulbous(onion, garlic, etc.) and florals plants (Amaryllis, hyacinth, narcisus, gladiolus, lily, freesia, etc.), potatoes, grains; root of vegetables, vines, wheat, oats and other crops; decaying vegetable (e.g. fallen fruits) and animal matter. It prefers damaged bulbs. It deeps gradually among the bulb scales. Spread bacteria and fungi (Fusarium, Pseudomonas, etc.). Rhyzoglyphus robini
- 7. TICKS Acari Parasitiformes Ixodida Ixodidae(hard ticks) – 14 Nuttalliellidae – 1 Argasidae (soft ticks) – 4 Approx. 900 species of ticks in the world
- 8. HEAD & MOUTHPARTS Palps Chelicera Hypostome
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- 13. Feature Hard tickSoft tick Scutum (dorsal shield) Present Not present Capitulum (mouth parts) Anterior, visible from above Ventral, not visible from above Nymphal stages One Several Adult feeding time Several days 30 – 60 min Female blood meals One Several Egg laying events One Several Total eggs laid 3,000-8,000 400-500
- 14. LIFE CYCLE 24 yearsfor hard ticks and 10 years or more for soft ticks
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