Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa that can cause diseases like sleeping sickness in vertebrates. It is transmitted by insect vectors and exists in different morphological forms depending on its host. In vertebrates it is usually trypomastigote form, which is elongated with an undulating membrane and flagellum. In invertebrates it can be procyclic or epimastigote forms. Its life cycle involves multiplication in the blood of vertebrates followed by transmission back to the insect when it takes a different form. Symptoms in infected animals include fever, anemia, edema and emaciation. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood and tissue or animal inoculation. Treatment options

1. TRYPANOSOMA
PRESENTED BY:
Manish Gautam (Roll no 15)
B.V.Sc & AH
IAAS, Paklihawa
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2. Classification
Phylum: Sarcomastigophora (with flagella, pseudopodia or both)
Class: Zoomastigophorea( chromatophores absent, 1 to many flagella)
Order: Kinetoplastida (1-4 flagella, kinetophore present)
Family: Trypanosomatidae (leaf like, may be rounded)
Genus: Trypanosoma
Species: lewisi, theileri, avium, cruzi
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3. • Occurs in vertebrates, mainly in blood and tissue fluid
• Disease caused by it is called ‘trypanosomosis’,sleeping sickness
• It is usually transmitted by insect vector
• Usually 20mm long and slender
• Generally C or U shaped
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4. Have various morphological forms
Amastigote:
present within cells, vertebrates
generally round, central nucleus
Flagellum nearly unapparent
Promastigote:
Present in invertebrate
Leaf like elongated
Flagellum +nt, undulating membrane –nt
Nucleus located middly
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5. Epimastigote:
Present in invertebrate
Leaf like elongated
Falgellum +nt, undulating membrane-small
Nucleus located posteriorly
Trypomastigote:
Present in vertebrate
Leaf like elongated
flagellum, undulating membrane well developed
Nucleus located middly
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7. Life cycle
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8. Pathogenesis & symptoms
• Bite of insect or fly causes small papillae formation in skin
• Multiplication of Trypanosoma in blood causes:
pyrexia
progressive anaemia
paleness of visible mucous membrane
oedema of dependent part
emaciation
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9. Changes in blood:
decrease in Hb and RBC by 25%, decrease in pH(5.5), decrease in K
Changes in the nervous system:
encephalomeningitis
Postmortem changes:
enlargement of spleen, liver, lymph gland
congested bone marrow
gelatinous infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue
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10. Diagnosis:
Microscopic: blood, serous fluid, CSF
Animal inoculation
Culture
Serological test
Treatment:
Naganol @1-2mg/100kg b.wt IV
Antrycide methyl sulfate @5mg/kg b.wt SC
Antimosan @3mg/kg b.wt SC
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