E.L. Thorndike proposed the theory of trial and error learning in 1913. He conducted experiments with cats in puzzle boxes to understand the process of learning. Through these experiments, he found that cats initially made random responses to escape the box and get to food, but over time learned the correct response through a process of trials, errors, and reinforcement. His key principles from these experiments were the laws of effect, exercise, and readiness. Educational implications of Thorndike's theory include using incentives to strengthen learning, allowing students to learn through practice and experience, and ensuring students are motivated and prepared for learning.
Trial & error learning Thorndike - VCE U4 PsychAndrew Scott
This 4 slide file accompanies a youtube clip (see www.ePsychVCE.com to access link to clip). It covers Thorndike's Puzzle box experiment an his infamous 'law of effect'
Trial & error learning Thorndike - VCE U4 PsychAndrew Scott
This 4 slide file accompanies a youtube clip (see www.ePsychVCE.com to access link to clip). It covers Thorndike's Puzzle box experiment an his infamous 'law of effect'
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.
Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all of a sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error.
Insight learning also involves the “I have found it!” feeling or “Eureka”.
Insight learning is also express as the “Aha Moment”.
Insight learning refers to the sudden realisation of a solution of a problem
It includes comparison of various behaviour theories of learning, concept of Reinforcement and Punishment, Reinforcement schedule, Mechanism of Operant Conditioning etc.
Operant condition theory is one among prominent behaviorist theories proposed by Skinner. The slides will help to unfold basic ideas about this theory.
Edward LEE Thorndike Educational Theory.pptxKristineRanyah
Educational Theory by Edward Thorndike. He was the first American psychologist who put forward the Trial and Error Theory of learning.
*Three Fundamental Laws of Learning
*Educational Implications of Law of Exercise
*Educational Implications of Law of Readiness
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.
Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all of a sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error.
Insight learning also involves the “I have found it!” feeling or “Eureka”.
Insight learning is also express as the “Aha Moment”.
Insight learning refers to the sudden realisation of a solution of a problem
It includes comparison of various behaviour theories of learning, concept of Reinforcement and Punishment, Reinforcement schedule, Mechanism of Operant Conditioning etc.
Operant condition theory is one among prominent behaviorist theories proposed by Skinner. The slides will help to unfold basic ideas about this theory.
Edward LEE Thorndike Educational Theory.pptxKristineRanyah
Educational Theory by Edward Thorndike. He was the first American psychologist who put forward the Trial and Error Theory of learning.
*Three Fundamental Laws of Learning
*Educational Implications of Law of Exercise
*Educational Implications of Law of Readiness
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This slide explains the key concepts and principles of Thorndike's theory, including experiments with animals, such as puzzle boxes, and how these experiments contributed to his theory.
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Thorndike's Trial and Error Learning Theory
1. Learning Theories:
Trial and Error Learning
Theory by E.L. Thorndike
BY:
JOYTI SEHRAWAT
RAO LAL SINGH COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, SIDHRAWALI
2. Learning Objectives:
Students will be able to:
1. State the laws of learning
2. Summarize the Thorndike’s puzzle box experiment
3. Associate the S-R connection during the process of learning
4. Write a critique on trial and error approach of learning
5. Propose the ways of implementing trial and theory learning theory in real
classroom situations
4. Meaning of
Trial and Error
Theory:
E.L Thorndike postulated the trial and error learning theory in 1913. He
first gave the idea of association between stimuli and response during the
process of learning. He denoted this as S-R.
Thorndike has defined “Learning is connecting. The mind is
Man’s Connection system”.
That is why, his theory is also known as Bond Theory.
According to this theory, Learning takes place by trial and error.
If learner faces any problem or a situation, he attempts one
solution. If he gets failed, he rejects that solution and tries
another one. In this way, learner keeps on rejecting wrong
responses until reaches a correct solution accidently. During the
process of trial and error, learner makes random activities but
always includes systematic and relevant responses.
5. Thorndike’s
Experiment on
Trial and Error
theory:
Motive or Drive
Goal
Block (Hinderances)
Random activities
Success by Chance
Selection
Fixation of correct response
The learner has to go through the following
stages during trial and error process:
6. Motive or Drive
Needs of an organism creates a state of tension
resulting into a drive. Where there is a motive
or drive, learning takes place.
In the present experiment hunger was the drive.
7. Goal or Stimulus
Anything which is desired to be achieved.
In the experiment, food was the stimulus and to achieve the food
getting out the box was the goal
8. Multiple Responses
In the present experiment, cat made random multiple responses to achieve
the goal like scratching, jumping etc.
Those responses which helped to attain the goal termed as Satisfying
responses
And those responses which did not help to achieve the goal, termed as
annoying responses.
9. Block
Hinderance in the way of the success. The closed door of the box.
Chance Success
After attempting multiple responses, finally cat by chance succeeded in
opening the door
10. Selection of Proper Movements
After attempting number of random trials, finally cat learned the proper
way of opening door
Fixation
At last, the cat eliminated the incorrect trials and learned/fixed the correct
way of opening the door. Now, the cat was learnt enough to open the door
without any error.
11.
12. Thorndike’s
Experiment on
Trial and Error
theory:
Thorndike’s one of the most popular
experiment was done on cat, which was put
in puzzle box. The cat was kept hungry in
puzzle box and a fish was kept outside the
box, acts as an incentive. The puzzle box was
structured in a way that door would open by
pressing a lever inside the box. Initially, cat
made several random attempts in the form
of trial and error to reach the food like
scratching the door, Moving here and there
etc. At the end, by chance she Opened the
door and got the food. Next day, when the
cat was kept in the same box, she took lesser
time to open the door and reached the food.
So it was found that with time the number of
attempts she made to come out of the box
got decreased. This is how she learnt to
come out the solution through trials and
errors.
13. The graph
shows as the
no. of trials
increased,
the cat
escaped
more quickly
14.
15. Principles of Trials and Error Theory:
Primary Laws
Law of Effect:
According to Thorndike, during learning stimuli and response are associated. Also,
Behaviour can be modified with its consequences. This phenomenon is called Law of
Effect. This states that if trials leads to satisfaction strengthen the connection whereas
the dissatisfaction and pain leads to weaken the association and connection.
Law of Readiness:
This law also known as ‘law of action tendency’. This law is related with preparatory
adjustment. According to this, learning takes place when an organism gets ready to
learn.
16. Law of Exercise:
According to this law, practice or drill
helps in increasing the efficiency of
performance during learning. S-R
bond gets strengthened with
whereas gets weakened with not
doing practice.
17. Secondary Laws:
Law of multiple
response
Law of set or
Attitude
Pre-potency of
elements
Law of response
by Analogy
Law of associative
shifting
18. Educational
Implications
of Trial And
Error Theory:
This approach is helpful for weaker and students with
learning difficulties.
Role of incentive helps in strengthening the S-R bond.
It also helps in removing the superstitions.
It is more helpful for younger students.
It also helps in eradicating the bad habits and developing
good habits
It helps to develop reading and writing skills among the
young children
19. Educational
Implications
It gives the importance of motivation in the
learning process.
Learning should always be purposeful and
goal oriented
It focuses on the need of readiness and
preparedness in learning
