Cattle are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions through their digestion processes in the rumen. Methane is produced in the rumen and nitrogen is transformed into nitrous oxide. Global cattle populations contribute significantly to annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions between 33-40 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalents. There are uncertainties around emission calculations due to varying methodologies and assumptions. Reducing meat and dairy consumption could help lower emissions, as could promoting more efficient cattle production practices and using additives to reduce methane emissions from the rumen. However, more progress is still needed to significantly reduce the greenhouse gas footprint of cattle farming.
Simulating Optimal future land use in the Nordic areaDaniel Sandars
Presented at: TradeM International Workshop
Hurdal (near Oslo) Norway - 25-27 November 2014
25-27 November 2014, Hurdal (near Oslo), Norway Economics of integrated assessment approaches for agriculture and the food sector
The LiveM theme of the FACCE-JPI MACSUR Knowledge Hub brings together 30 institutes from 14 European countries with expertise in a diverse range of disciplines, from grassland and farm-scale modelling through to livestock disease and health research.
Climate change, food security, and agricultural production interact in complex ways. A major challenge for scientists is to understand and assess the biological, economic, and ecological interdependencies in the context of climate change and food security. More and better knowledge is necessary to aid politicians, stakeholders and farmers in their decisions.
The event has four major goals:
• to critically discuss the state-of-the-art and future perspectives of integrated assessment approaches
• to study and assess examples of applied modelling approaches integrating crop, livestock, and economic models
• to foster international collaboration in the research areas of food security, climate change, and agrosystem modelling
• to plan and identify next steps to achieve TradeM contributions to MACSUR goals
Keynote-speaker: John Antle (Oregon State University), and co-leader of the Economics Team of AgMIP
Sponsor Day on animal feeding: Ruminants and sustainability: The main improve...Irta
This document discusses several topics related to ruminants and sustainability, including:
1) The need to increase efficient use of byproducts from food/fiber processing as animal feed sources by 2050 to meet growing demand while minimizing land use.
2) Research into herbivore gut ecosystems and rumen systems biology to better understand microbe interactions and maximize production with lower environmental impact.
3) Evidence that certain animal products can provide health benefits to humans if produced sustainably, and that grass-fed systems and lipid supplementation can alter milk fatty acid profiles.
4) Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock vary significantly depending on production system and management practices, and methane mitigation strategies include lipid supplementation, feed add
Bob Rees' presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is Agricultural Hotspots in the Tropics: mitigation pathways by Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta, a CLIFF student with CCAFS.
A Necessary Transformation - The Basis for Innovative Vocational Training in...TheophilusVRLindzter
Facts and a moral responsibility are the keys to initiating and sustaining value partnerships capable of igniting youth capacity. Stefan Frey and Theophilus van Rensburg Lindzter presented those two elements during the 2 October launch of the ANT initiative. Over 2 years, starting January 2020 some 26 young people will participate in a multi-layered, interactive vocational training program that will dramatically increase employability, immediately create a real value chain and establish the beginnings of raising South African young people as in-demand-agricultural-role-players.
Trees on farms: Unexplored big wins for climate change through landscape res...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Henry Neufeldt of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Cattle are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions through their digestion processes in the rumen. Methane is produced in the rumen and nitrogen is transformed into nitrous oxide. Global cattle populations contribute significantly to annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions between 33-40 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalents. There are uncertainties around emission calculations due to varying methodologies and assumptions. Reducing meat and dairy consumption could help lower emissions, as could promoting more efficient cattle production practices and using additives to reduce methane emissions from the rumen. However, more progress is still needed to significantly reduce the greenhouse gas footprint of cattle farming.
Simulating Optimal future land use in the Nordic areaDaniel Sandars
Presented at: TradeM International Workshop
Hurdal (near Oslo) Norway - 25-27 November 2014
25-27 November 2014, Hurdal (near Oslo), Norway Economics of integrated assessment approaches for agriculture and the food sector
The LiveM theme of the FACCE-JPI MACSUR Knowledge Hub brings together 30 institutes from 14 European countries with expertise in a diverse range of disciplines, from grassland and farm-scale modelling through to livestock disease and health research.
Climate change, food security, and agricultural production interact in complex ways. A major challenge for scientists is to understand and assess the biological, economic, and ecological interdependencies in the context of climate change and food security. More and better knowledge is necessary to aid politicians, stakeholders and farmers in their decisions.
The event has four major goals:
• to critically discuss the state-of-the-art and future perspectives of integrated assessment approaches
• to study and assess examples of applied modelling approaches integrating crop, livestock, and economic models
• to foster international collaboration in the research areas of food security, climate change, and agrosystem modelling
• to plan and identify next steps to achieve TradeM contributions to MACSUR goals
Keynote-speaker: John Antle (Oregon State University), and co-leader of the Economics Team of AgMIP
Sponsor Day on animal feeding: Ruminants and sustainability: The main improve...Irta
This document discusses several topics related to ruminants and sustainability, including:
1) The need to increase efficient use of byproducts from food/fiber processing as animal feed sources by 2050 to meet growing demand while minimizing land use.
2) Research into herbivore gut ecosystems and rumen systems biology to better understand microbe interactions and maximize production with lower environmental impact.
3) Evidence that certain animal products can provide health benefits to humans if produced sustainably, and that grass-fed systems and lipid supplementation can alter milk fatty acid profiles.
4) Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock vary significantly depending on production system and management practices, and methane mitigation strategies include lipid supplementation, feed add
Bob Rees' presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is Agricultural Hotspots in the Tropics: mitigation pathways by Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta, a CLIFF student with CCAFS.
A Necessary Transformation - The Basis for Innovative Vocational Training in...TheophilusVRLindzter
Facts and a moral responsibility are the keys to initiating and sustaining value partnerships capable of igniting youth capacity. Stefan Frey and Theophilus van Rensburg Lindzter presented those two elements during the 2 October launch of the ANT initiative. Over 2 years, starting January 2020 some 26 young people will participate in a multi-layered, interactive vocational training program that will dramatically increase employability, immediately create a real value chain and establish the beginnings of raising South African young people as in-demand-agricultural-role-players.
Trees on farms: Unexplored big wins for climate change through landscape res...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Henry Neufeldt of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
How can agriculture help achieve the 2°C target? CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Lini Wollenberg, of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Presentation by Dr. Meryl Richards at the UN Climate Conference in Bonn, 18 May 2016. Read more about this work https://ccafs.cgiar.org/MitigationTargetAgriculture
Feeding A Hot And Hungry Planet Tim Searchingeraimeew
A presentation by Timothy D Searchinger of Princeton University at the opening session of the inaugural Global Research Alliance meeting in Wellington, New Zealand.
Significant offset of long-term potential soil carbon sequestration by nitrou...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Emanuele Lugato, from JRC - Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
Poster resentation by Meryl Richards at Research Dialogue (RD 8) at SBSTA 44 on Thursday 19 May, 2016.
Related information available at https://ccafs.cgiar.org/MitigationTargetAgriculture
Africa’s Great Green Wall: Building Prosperity and Resilience CIFOR-ICRAF
1) The Great Green Wall initiative aims to address challenges like food insecurity, poverty, and climate change across Africa by restoring degraded drylands in the Sahel region through tree planting and improved land management.
2) The initiative analyzed over 63,000 plots across 11 countries to map areas suitable for restoration under three scenarios of increasing ambition.
3) The most ambitious scenario identified over 166 million hectares of land as restoration opportunities in the core Great Green Wall region to help achieve environmental and development goals by 2030.
IIASA's Stefan Frank presents results from modeling used to show mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and trade-offs with food security.
SBSTA 44 side event: Establishing country emission reduction targets in agriculture: What is fair, ambitious & feasible?
May 18, 2016
Livestock & greenhouse gas emission [autosaved]Sathya Sujani
The document discusses greenhouse gas emissions from livestock and their contribution to global warming. It notes that livestock production accounts for about 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Ruminants like cattle emit methane as part of their digestion process, and this methane comprises about 44% of livestock's greenhouse gas emissions. The document also outlines strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, including improving feed quality and herd management.
"Quantificando localmente os Benefícios Providos pela Vegetação Nativa ao Set...UNDP Policy Centre
Apresentação intitulada "Quantificando localmente os Benefícios Providos pela Vegetação Nativa ao Setor Agrícola no Brasil" (em inglês), proferida em inglês por Avery Cohn, Professor da Universidade Tufts;, no Seminário Internacional Oportunidades de Negócios para uma Economia Rural Sustentável: A Contribuição das Florestas e da Agricultura, realizado nos dias 14 e 15 de maio de 2019.
Reduction of GHG emissions by reduced livestock production resulting from die...Jan Peter Lesschen
This document summarizes the results of a study assessing the potential greenhouse gas emission reductions from reduced livestock production in the EU resulting from dietary changes. The study found that a 50% reduction in the consumption of pork, poultry, dairy and beef products could lead to a 16-18% decrease in the EU's agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. This large reduction in emissions would be greater than estimated savings from technical mitigation measures alone. Such dietary changes would also provide substantial health benefits by decreasing saturated fat intake levels. While changes in consumption patterns may be difficult, historically large shifts have occurred, indicating opportunities for policy interventions aimed at more sustainable and healthy diets.
This document summarizes a study examining the effects of future climate change and higher crop yields on farm management and income in Finland. Crop modeling was used to simulate future spring and winter wheat yields under different climate scenarios, showing potential yield increases of 15-30% by 2040-2070. An economic model then analyzed how higher yields may impact land use, input use, farm income, and greenhouse gas emissions at the farm level under varying price scenarios. The results suggest that higher yields could lead to 50-60% greater production, 36-46% higher incomes, and 27-33% lower emissions per kilogram produced, allowing for sustainable intensification of agriculture.
Professor Peter Grace says carbon rich soil is "your superannuation", it's not about carbon credits, it's about productivity. He sketches the potential for rangelands to sequester carbon.
NOTE: The presentation and data therein is for information only and can only be reproduced with permission of the author.
Presentation by Han Soethoudt, Jan Broeze, and Heike Axmann of Wageningen University & Resaearch (WUR).
WUR and Olam Rice Nigeria conducted a controlled experiment in Nigeria in which mechanized rice harvesting and threshing were introduced on smallholder farms. The result of the study shows that mechanization considerably reduces losses, has a positive impact on farmers’ income, and the climate.
Learn more: https://www.wur.nl/en/news-wur/show-day/Mechanization-helps-Nigerian-farms-reduce-food-loss-and-increase-income.htm
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:CGIAR Research Program new initiatives D...ICRISAT
Innovation in Agri-food Systems as a driver of Employment, Nutrition and Resilience in Fragile Drylands (Dry Arc). The ‘DryArc’ Initiative (ICARDA, ICRISAT, IFPRI, IWMI) aims to strengthen the resilience of rural communities and agri-food systems across the drylands of MENA, Central and West Asia, sub Saharan Africa.
The GLOBIOM model is a global partial equilibrium model that can be used to study land use and its impacts. It has 30 geographical regions modeled at varying spatial resolutions. It optimizes land allocation between major agricultural crops, livestock, forestry, and bioenergy to maximize economic surplus. Model outputs include production, trade, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions. The model was applied in a case study of the Congo Basin that examined scenarios of infrastructure development, productivity increases, and REDD policies on deforestation and its impacts.
This document summarizes the ClimBar project which aims to evaluate genetic diversity in barley to support climate adaptation. The project recognizes that barley varieties were domesticated under different past climates than current emerging conditions. It hypothesizes that alleles supporting resilient yields in a changing climate may be found in diverse landraces from the Mediterranean and Fertile Crescent, which experienced climates similar to projections. The project is phenotyping a diverse set of barley accessions, including Spanish landraces and wild barleys, under different environments to understand genotype by environment interactions over time and identify useful alleles for future climate breeding.
Potentials for soil carbon sequestration in different livestock feed strategiesSIANI
Seminar on Landscapes in a Carbon Focused World 26 October 2012
SIANI, Focali & Naturskyddsföreningen organized a one-day seminar in Gothenburg.
Summary: Grassland for silage, hay and pasture has for long been the traditional roughage feeding strategy for cattle in northern Europe. There is an increasing interest for substituting this with maize silage and more concentrates which probably lead to different soil carbon balances. There are great difficulties to calculate such changes in estimates of GHG emissions from livestock production systems which will be discussed in this section.
Christel Cederberg's research is mainly about environmental impact of livestock production systems in developed countries and focus on GHG emissions and land-use issues. Cederberg has a Master in Agriculture, a PhD in Environmental Science and now works at SIK and is adjunct professor at Chalmers.
Presentation by Hua Xie at The International Conference on Sustainability in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus, meeting in Bonn, Germany on May 19th and 20th 2014
Sandra Broka (The World Bank) • 2021 IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series: "Climate Cha...Lina Abdelfattah
This document discusses leveraging climate finance through climate-smart agriculture in Egypt. It notes that Egypt faces climate-related challenges to its agri-food system, including falling yields, water stress, land degradation, and increasing wheat imports due to climate change. Solutions are needed to build resilience and address pressures on food security, such as improving water productivity and soil management. Climate finance can help promote the uptake of climate-smart agriculture through measures like blended finance, risk management support, and technical assistance. Examples of potential sustainable financing instruments for agriculture value chains include investments in carbon benefits, sustainability-linked loans, and payments for ecosystem services. The World Bank's Climate Change Group offers various climate and carbon finance offerings that could support Egypt's agriculture
How can agriculture help achieve the 2°C target? CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Lini Wollenberg, of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Presentation by Dr. Meryl Richards at the UN Climate Conference in Bonn, 18 May 2016. Read more about this work https://ccafs.cgiar.org/MitigationTargetAgriculture
Feeding A Hot And Hungry Planet Tim Searchingeraimeew
A presentation by Timothy D Searchinger of Princeton University at the opening session of the inaugural Global Research Alliance meeting in Wellington, New Zealand.
Significant offset of long-term potential soil carbon sequestration by nitrou...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Emanuele Lugato, from JRC - Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
Poster resentation by Meryl Richards at Research Dialogue (RD 8) at SBSTA 44 on Thursday 19 May, 2016.
Related information available at https://ccafs.cgiar.org/MitigationTargetAgriculture
Africa’s Great Green Wall: Building Prosperity and Resilience CIFOR-ICRAF
1) The Great Green Wall initiative aims to address challenges like food insecurity, poverty, and climate change across Africa by restoring degraded drylands in the Sahel region through tree planting and improved land management.
2) The initiative analyzed over 63,000 plots across 11 countries to map areas suitable for restoration under three scenarios of increasing ambition.
3) The most ambitious scenario identified over 166 million hectares of land as restoration opportunities in the core Great Green Wall region to help achieve environmental and development goals by 2030.
IIASA's Stefan Frank presents results from modeling used to show mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and trade-offs with food security.
SBSTA 44 side event: Establishing country emission reduction targets in agriculture: What is fair, ambitious & feasible?
May 18, 2016
Livestock & greenhouse gas emission [autosaved]Sathya Sujani
The document discusses greenhouse gas emissions from livestock and their contribution to global warming. It notes that livestock production accounts for about 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Ruminants like cattle emit methane as part of their digestion process, and this methane comprises about 44% of livestock's greenhouse gas emissions. The document also outlines strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, including improving feed quality and herd management.
"Quantificando localmente os Benefícios Providos pela Vegetação Nativa ao Set...UNDP Policy Centre
Apresentação intitulada "Quantificando localmente os Benefícios Providos pela Vegetação Nativa ao Setor Agrícola no Brasil" (em inglês), proferida em inglês por Avery Cohn, Professor da Universidade Tufts;, no Seminário Internacional Oportunidades de Negócios para uma Economia Rural Sustentável: A Contribuição das Florestas e da Agricultura, realizado nos dias 14 e 15 de maio de 2019.
Reduction of GHG emissions by reduced livestock production resulting from die...Jan Peter Lesschen
This document summarizes the results of a study assessing the potential greenhouse gas emission reductions from reduced livestock production in the EU resulting from dietary changes. The study found that a 50% reduction in the consumption of pork, poultry, dairy and beef products could lead to a 16-18% decrease in the EU's agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. This large reduction in emissions would be greater than estimated savings from technical mitigation measures alone. Such dietary changes would also provide substantial health benefits by decreasing saturated fat intake levels. While changes in consumption patterns may be difficult, historically large shifts have occurred, indicating opportunities for policy interventions aimed at more sustainable and healthy diets.
This document summarizes a study examining the effects of future climate change and higher crop yields on farm management and income in Finland. Crop modeling was used to simulate future spring and winter wheat yields under different climate scenarios, showing potential yield increases of 15-30% by 2040-2070. An economic model then analyzed how higher yields may impact land use, input use, farm income, and greenhouse gas emissions at the farm level under varying price scenarios. The results suggest that higher yields could lead to 50-60% greater production, 36-46% higher incomes, and 27-33% lower emissions per kilogram produced, allowing for sustainable intensification of agriculture.
Professor Peter Grace says carbon rich soil is "your superannuation", it's not about carbon credits, it's about productivity. He sketches the potential for rangelands to sequester carbon.
NOTE: The presentation and data therein is for information only and can only be reproduced with permission of the author.
Presentation by Han Soethoudt, Jan Broeze, and Heike Axmann of Wageningen University & Resaearch (WUR).
WUR and Olam Rice Nigeria conducted a controlled experiment in Nigeria in which mechanized rice harvesting and threshing were introduced on smallholder farms. The result of the study shows that mechanization considerably reduces losses, has a positive impact on farmers’ income, and the climate.
Learn more: https://www.wur.nl/en/news-wur/show-day/Mechanization-helps-Nigerian-farms-reduce-food-loss-and-increase-income.htm
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:CGIAR Research Program new initiatives D...ICRISAT
Innovation in Agri-food Systems as a driver of Employment, Nutrition and Resilience in Fragile Drylands (Dry Arc). The ‘DryArc’ Initiative (ICARDA, ICRISAT, IFPRI, IWMI) aims to strengthen the resilience of rural communities and agri-food systems across the drylands of MENA, Central and West Asia, sub Saharan Africa.
The GLOBIOM model is a global partial equilibrium model that can be used to study land use and its impacts. It has 30 geographical regions modeled at varying spatial resolutions. It optimizes land allocation between major agricultural crops, livestock, forestry, and bioenergy to maximize economic surplus. Model outputs include production, trade, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions. The model was applied in a case study of the Congo Basin that examined scenarios of infrastructure development, productivity increases, and REDD policies on deforestation and its impacts.
This document summarizes the ClimBar project which aims to evaluate genetic diversity in barley to support climate adaptation. The project recognizes that barley varieties were domesticated under different past climates than current emerging conditions. It hypothesizes that alleles supporting resilient yields in a changing climate may be found in diverse landraces from the Mediterranean and Fertile Crescent, which experienced climates similar to projections. The project is phenotyping a diverse set of barley accessions, including Spanish landraces and wild barleys, under different environments to understand genotype by environment interactions over time and identify useful alleles for future climate breeding.
Potentials for soil carbon sequestration in different livestock feed strategiesSIANI
Seminar on Landscapes in a Carbon Focused World 26 October 2012
SIANI, Focali & Naturskyddsföreningen organized a one-day seminar in Gothenburg.
Summary: Grassland for silage, hay and pasture has for long been the traditional roughage feeding strategy for cattle in northern Europe. There is an increasing interest for substituting this with maize silage and more concentrates which probably lead to different soil carbon balances. There are great difficulties to calculate such changes in estimates of GHG emissions from livestock production systems which will be discussed in this section.
Christel Cederberg's research is mainly about environmental impact of livestock production systems in developed countries and focus on GHG emissions and land-use issues. Cederberg has a Master in Agriculture, a PhD in Environmental Science and now works at SIK and is adjunct professor at Chalmers.
Presentation by Hua Xie at The International Conference on Sustainability in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus, meeting in Bonn, Germany on May 19th and 20th 2014
Sandra Broka (The World Bank) • 2021 IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series: "Climate Cha...Lina Abdelfattah
This document discusses leveraging climate finance through climate-smart agriculture in Egypt. It notes that Egypt faces climate-related challenges to its agri-food system, including falling yields, water stress, land degradation, and increasing wheat imports due to climate change. Solutions are needed to build resilience and address pressures on food security, such as improving water productivity and soil management. Climate finance can help promote the uptake of climate-smart agriculture through measures like blended finance, risk management support, and technical assistance. Examples of potential sustainable financing instruments for agriculture value chains include investments in carbon benefits, sustainability-linked loans, and payments for ecosystem services. The World Bank's Climate Change Group offers various climate and carbon finance offerings that could support Egypt's agriculture
This document discusses how agriculture is both a victim and cause of global warming, as well as potential solutions. Rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns are negatively impacting crop yields around the world. Agriculture accounts for 9% of greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from livestock methane emissions and nitrogen fertilizer use. However, certain agricultural practices like conservation tillage, forestry, and use of biofuels can sequester carbon from the atmosphere and reduce emissions, positioning agriculture as part of the solution to climate change. Carbon markets and offsets may provide economic incentives for farmers to adopt more sustainable practices.
Meat: human health and greenhouse gas emissionsPeter Carter
The document discusses three main points about the environmental impacts of meat production and consumption:
1) Producing meat, especially beef, is inefficient since it takes around 30 pounds of feed to produce 1 pound of beef. As global meat demand rises, more land will be needed to grow this feed.
2) A study from 2014 found that shifting global diets away from meat and towards plant-based options could greatly improve health outcomes and reduce greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to all transportation combined.
3) Livestock, especially for pastureland, accounts for 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. As the global population and meat consumption increases by 2050, meat production may be responsible for an 80% rise in emissions
Impact of Agriculture on Climate Change in Ukraine and Solutions to Reduce GH...Mykola Shlapak
Presentation for the #COP27 side event "Impact of agriculture production on climate change. How do we mitigate and adapt to climate change in agriculture, considering the war and global crises?"
1) Recent research shows that the production of food, especially meat, contributes more greenhouse gases than transportation or industry.
2) Livestock, particularly cattle, are major contributors to climate change through methane emissions from digestion and manure, as well as greenhouse gases from deforestation to create grazing land and growing feed crops.
3) Shifting diets to include less meat and reducing food waste could significantly decrease greenhouse gas emissions from the food system.
This document discusses strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from animal agriculture and adapting animal farming practices to climate change. It provides background on the impacts of climate change and outlines how livestock, particularly cattle and other ruminants, are a major source of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide. The document then discusses several approaches for reducing these emissions, including developing low-methane producing breeds and feeds, using vaccines or genetic engineering to reduce enteric fermentation in ruminant digestive systems, and growing forage crops that result in lower methane emissions from cattle.
The agricultural sector contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change through several means. It is responsible for 10-12% of total emissions, which can rise as high as 17% when accounting for land use changes due to agriculture. Key sources of emissions include rice production, livestock (enteric fermentation and manure), and use of nitrogen fertilizers. Mitigation strategies proposed to reduce agricultural emissions include more efficient livestock farming, improved manure management, lower dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing production and consumption of animal-sourced foods.
This document provides an overview of regenerative agriculture and its potential to mitigate climate change by drawing down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It discusses how regenerative practices can sequester large amounts of carbon in soils each year, potentially sequestering enough to stabilize the climate. Case studies from around the world show specific regenerative techniques, such as composting, cover cropping, holistic grazing, and permaculture, successfully increasing soil carbon levels and agricultural productivity even in drought conditions. The document argues that transitioning just 10% of global agriculture to regenerative systems could reverse climate change through carbon sequestration.
Anthropogenic Contributions to the Atmospheric CO2 Levels and Annual Share of...Premier Publishers
Green house gases are derived from both natural systems and human activities. The emitted gases retained in the atmosphere represent the main cause of global climate change. Rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions are anticipated to drive change to ecosystems. This rise in emissions was largely driven by affluence (consumption per capita) and population growth, aided by changes in production structure of industries, consumption baskets of households and shifts in the consumption vs. investment balance. Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are known to alter hydrological cycles, disrupt marine ecosystems and species lifecycles, and cause global habitat loss. To achieve significant emission savings, there is a need to address the issue of affluence. One of the major initiatives is to actively intervene in non-sustainable lifestyles to achieve emission reductions. The findings of this review are vital for a comprehensive and integrated approach for mitigating climate change and to reduce the impacts of CO2 emissions.
Carbon emission or global development convertedHasnat Karim
Globally, 2020 was the hottest year on record, effectively tying 2016, the previous record. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the amount of CO2 in the air in May 2020 hits an average of slightly greater than 417 parts per million (ppm), the highest monthly average value ever recorded.
What we need now is a new era of development - a development that is forceful and at the same time socially and environmentally sustainable. If we fail to follow it, we will follow the failure of humanity through a systematic extinction instead of development and well-being.
The effects of global climate change on agriculture(4)Paktia University
This document summarizes the effects of global climate change on agriculture. It finds that agriculture contributes approximately 20% of annual greenhouse gas emissions through practices like deforestation, livestock production, and biomass burning. Rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns from climate change will impact agricultural production globally and regionally. Effects may include changes in crop yields, suitable land areas, and increased pest/disease pressure. Adaptations can help mitigate these impacts to some degree but climate change poses risks for global and local food security.
The document discusses the relationship between agriculture and climate change. It notes that agriculture both contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and is impacted by climate change through changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather. Agriculture accounts for 30% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. However, agricultural practices can also help mitigate climate change by increasing carbon sequestration in soils through conservation tillage and agroforestry. Global mitigation potential from agriculture is estimated at 5.5-6.0 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year by 2030, with soil carbon sequestration accounting for 89% of potential. Climate-smart agriculture aims to increase productivity, resilience, and mitigate emissions while enhancing food security.
This document discusses options for mitigating agricultural emissions while ensuring food security. It finds that:
1) The largest sources of agricultural emissions are enteric fermentation from livestock and manure management, though fertilizer use is also a major source.
2) Options for reducing emissions include improving livestock diets, manure management practices, and fertilizer efficiency. However, these technical solutions can only achieve modest reductions of around 10%.
3) Deeper emissions cuts will require lowering animal populations through sustainable intensification and reducing meat consumption, as enteric fermentation and manure are hard to abate without fewer livestock.
Globally, 2020 was the hottest year on record, effectively tying 2016, the previous record. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the amount of CO2 in the air in May 2020 hits an average of slightly greater than 417 parts per million (ppm), the highest monthly average value ever recorded.
What we need now is a new era of development - a development that is forceful and at the same time socially and environmentally sustainable. If we fail to follow it, we will follow the failure of humanity through a systematic extinction instead of development and well-being.
This document summarizes research on managing grasslands to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration. It finds that:
1) Grasslands store large amounts of carbon in soils, and practices like applying livestock manure or compost can significantly increase soil carbon storage for decades or more, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Managing half of California's grasslands to increase soil carbon by 0.5 metric tons per hectare per year could offset 21 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents annually.
3) Projects demonstrating increased soil carbon through compost and manure in California grasslands show the potential for agriculture and soil management to meaningfully contribute to climate change mitigation.
E missions from land use change and soil carbon changes in c arbon footprints...SIANI
This document summarizes research on carbon footprints of animal products that account for emissions from land use change and soil carbon changes. It finds that production of livestock products uses about 75% of global agricultural land and meat consumption is projected to double by 2050, increasing pressure on land. Case studies of beef production in Brazil and the EU show that accounting for land use change emissions significantly increases carbon footprints. Models estimating indirect land use change from biofuels generate a wide range of results. Key uncertainties in assessing land use change impacts include deforested areas' initial carbon stocks, subsequent land uses, and modeling indirect impacts. Case studies of dairy rations find feed choices can impact soil carbon levels and land occupation.
Cities contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. While some sources claim that cities are responsible for 75-80% of emissions, this is an overstatement, as accurate allocation of emissions is complex. Emissions should take into account where energy is produced versus consumed. Overall, urbanization and economic growth are increasing emissions, though per capita emissions vary greatly between wealthy and developing cities. Accurately measuring city emissions requires defining system boundaries and accounting for all sources. Addressing climate change at the city level is important as cities are centers of economic activity and policy can be enacted more quickly than at national levels.
Similar to Trends of GHG emissions resulting from food systems (crops, livestock, land-based aquaculture, processed food) (20)
Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Impacto de las intervenciones agricolas y de salud para reducir la deficienci...CIAT
Este documento resume un estudio realizado en Guatemala para evaluar el impacto de entregar semilla biofortificada de frijol en aspectos socioeconómicos y de salud nutricional. El estudio utilizó un diseño de ensayo clúster aleatorio en comunidades rurales asignadas a recibir semilla biofortificada o no. Los resultados preliminares mostraron pocos cambios socioeconómicos entre grupos. Los resultados de línea base encontraron altas tasas de anemia y deficiencia de hierro, con el frijol contribuyendo signific
Agricultura sensible a la nutrición en el Altiplano. Explorando las perspecti...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
El rol de los padres en la nutrición del hogarCIAT
Este documento presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio sobre las dinámicas intra-hogar y su impacto en la nutrición de familias agrícolas en Guatemala. Los hallazgos incluyen que las mujeres tienden a estar más desempoderadas que los hombres, y los niños en hogares con mujeres desempoderadas tienen más probabilidades de sufrir retraso en el crecimiento. Además, las preferencias de alimentos y labores varían entre hombres y mujeres dependiendo del ingreso disponible. Considerar tanto a padres como madres es importante para proyectos de nut
Scaling up soil carbon enhancement contributing to mitigate climate changeCIAT
This document summarizes Session 3 of a symposium on scaling up soil carbon enhancement to contribute to climate change mitigation. It discusses: 1) The potential for climate change
Impacto del Cambio Climático en la Agricultura de República DominicanaCIAT
El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), con el apoyo de los Programas de Investigación de CGIAR sobre Políticas, Instituciones y Mercados (PIM) y sobre Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), se han asociado para comprender, a través de la ciencia, el impacto del cambio climático en cultivos claves y el impacto económico en la productividad de la agricultura en países de ALC.
BioTerra: Nuevo sistema de monitoreo de la biodiversidad en desarrollo por el...CIAT
BioTerra es un sistema innovador de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas desarrollado por el Programa Riqueza Natural de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), y sus socios locales – el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y el Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) – para apoyar al gobierno colombiano en el cumplimiento de las metas y compromisos de conservación de la biodiversidad. Este sistema busca complementar y aunar esfuerzos existentes de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas, a nivel nacional y regional.
Cacao for Peace Activities for Tackling the Cadmium in Cacao Issue in Colo...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to forkCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study ...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Geographical Information System Mapping for Optimized Cacao Production in Col...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El documento resume los resultados de una investigación sobre el contenido de cadmio en granos de cacao en Perú. La investigación analizó muestras de suelo, hojas y granos de cacao de varias regiones para determinar las relaciones entre los contenidos de cadmio. Los resultados mostraron que eliminar la testa de los granos tiende a disminuir el contenido de cadmio. Además, se proponen nuevos protocolos de poscosecha y prácticas agrícolas para reducir los contenidos de cadmio en el suelo, las plantas y los
Técnicas para disminuir la disponibilidad de cadmio en suelos de cacaoterasCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptxshubhijain836
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Trends of GHG emissions resulting from food systems (crops, livestock, land-based aquaculture, processed food)
1. Trends of GHG emissions resulting from food systems (crops,
livestock, land-based aquaculture, processed food)
Louis Verchot
IPCC-FAO EXPERT MEETING ON CLIMATE CHANGE, LAND USE, AND FOOD SECURITY
23-25 January 2017, FAO Headquarters, Rome
2. Historical cumulative emissions by source
Land-use change represents about 26% of cumulative emissions over 1870–2015,
coal 35%, oil 26%, gas 10%, and others 3%
Others: Emissions from cement production and gas flaring
Source: Global Carbon Project
3. Agriculture is both a source and sink of
greenhouse gases (GHGs)
Emissions:
• Energy (including fertilizer production) 0.4 – 0.6 Gt CO2
• Non-CO2 GHG 5.2 – 6.3 Gt CO2e
• Deforestation (gross) 8.6 – 10.3 Gt CO2
Sinks
• Crop and livestock management
• Agroforestry
4. Four different datasets tell a similar relative
story about major agricultural emissions
Source: AR5
5. Data: USEPA 2006 data projected through 2030
Emissions are highest in developing countries
and will grow significantly by 2030
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E. Europe
N2O Agricultural soils
N2O Manure management
CH4 Enteric fermentation
CH4 Manure management
CH4 Other agricultural
CH4 Rice cultivation
6. Contribution of the leading emission sources in
percent of total emissions per pixel
2000–2005.
Source: Roman-Cuesta et al. (2016)
7. High rates of Fertilizer N application are found
in Mid-west US, W. Europe, and E and S Asia
Source: Potter et al. (2010)
8. A new twist to our story: Soils are losing carbon
across the northern part of the globe
Source: Crowther et al., (2016)
Map of predicted changes in soil C stocks due to a 1oC rise in temperature
by 2050 under a ‘no acclimatization’ scenario.
9. Depending on the amount of time for the full effect of
warming to be felt, the losses could be considerable
Source: Crowther et al., (2016)
10. Meat consumption will drive increased GHG
emissions
Economic
trends
• Global livestock population – 17 billion animals
• Meat consumption has almost tripled in the last four decades and
has increased by over 30% in the last ten years.
• Dairy consumption is up by over 70 percent in the last four decades.
• Greatest consumption increases are seen in East and Southeast Asia
(>3% y-1 through 2020)
11. Meat consumption will drive increased GHG
emissions
Economic
trends
• Livestock production concentrates in areas with cheap input supplies
and good market outlets (e.g. in the vicinity of large cities).
• More specialized and intensive industrial production systems.
• Production is shifting from ruminants to monogastrics, that have a
better feed conversion ratio.
• Vertical integration along the land–livestock–food chain creates
economies of scope.
12. Globally, increases in production monogastrics
greatly exceeds that of ruminants
Source: Chemnitz et al. (2014)
13. Monogastrics produce much less GHG
than ruminants
Source : Carlsson Kanyama and González (2009)
Calculation based on IPCC Tier 1 factors
15. Some of the highest emissions per haOrganic
soils
• 25 million ha have been drained for agriculture (~7% of the area).
• 60 percent is in boreal and cool temperate regions;
• 5 percent is in warm temperate regions; and
• 34% is in the tropics, mostly in Southeast Asia.
• Emissions from these are almost one billion tonnes CO2eq
annually (~85% CO2; ~15% N2O).
• Fire and fertilization of these soils create more emissions.
16. Tropical peatlands are much more
extensive than previously thought
1.7 M km2 tropical peatlands
Source: Gumbricht et al. (in press)
17. A growing emissions sourceAquaculture
• Production of fish and shellfish in aquaculture > 55
Mt (~half global fish consumption).
• This production has high N2Oemissions, which are
predicted to increase to about 6% of anthropogenic
N2O emissions by 2030.
18. Shrimp culture = 38% of global mangrove loss;
Other aquaculture = 14%.
Donato et al. Nature Geoscience (2011)
19. LCA of the food system of the UK: food processing and
packaging make up about 20% of GHG emissions
Source: Garnett et al (2011)