This document summarizes Session 3 of a symposium on scaling up soil carbon enhancement to contribute to climate change mitigation. It discusses: 1) The potential for climate change
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS Low Emissions Development Flagship, at a workshop on ICF transparency and long-term strategies for LED on September 28th, 2020.
Climate-Smart Agriculture Training for Practitioners
Asia Development Bank
9-11 October 2018, Tokyo, Japan
Session: Options for Mitigation in Agriculture
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Low Emissions Development Flagship Leader, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Presentation by Robert Zougmore, CCAFS Regional Program Leader, West Africa, at the at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Presentation by Philip Thornton, Theme Leader, CCAFS, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS Low Emissions Development Flagship, at a workshop on ICF transparency and long-term strategies for LED on September 28th, 2020.
Climate-Smart Agriculture Training for Practitioners
Asia Development Bank
9-11 October 2018, Tokyo, Japan
Session: Options for Mitigation in Agriculture
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Low Emissions Development Flagship Leader, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Presentation by Robert Zougmore, CCAFS Regional Program Leader, West Africa, at the at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Presentation by Philip Thornton, Theme Leader, CCAFS, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Presentation by Jeremy Bird, DG, International Water Management Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013 in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Presentation by Stefan Frank, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
International conference on agricultural emissions and food security: Connecting research to policy and practice
10-13 September 2018
Berlin, Germany
Increasing the storage of carbon in the soil has been a controversial strategy for addressing climate change mitigation. What is the potential and why is there debate about this? How can we push beyond the debate to constructive action?
Lini Wollenberg, a Gund Fellow, is an anthropologist and natural resource management specialist concerned with rural livelihoods and the environment. She currently leads a research program on Low Emissions Agricultural Development for the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), based at the University of Vermont. Her work seeks to identify options for reducing the impacts of agricultural development and land use on the climate, while also improving livelihoods for the poor in developing countries.
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS, on September 11, 2020 as part of the GundxChange Series.
Presentation by Rob Vos, Director for Agricultural Development Economics (ESA) at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
February 2, 2016
Washington, DC
Sandra Broka (The World Bank) • 2021 IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series: "Climate Cha...Lina Abdelfattah
IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series provides a platform for all people striving to identify and implement evidence-based policy solutions that sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The series is part of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
Presentation made by Andy Jarvis in Kathmandu, Nepal on 14th September 2016 at the "Climate Smart Village Approach in Nepal" meeting organised by CCAFS, CIMMYT, Government of Nepal and others.
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) at University of Copenhagen, 13 June 2012. Visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org for more.
Impacts of climate change on livestock sector and Kenya’s preparedness on the...ILRI
Presented by Robin M. Mbae (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenya) at the Expert panel: Sustainable solutions for the livestock sector: the time is ripe! 10th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, Berlin, 19 January 2018
Climate change and food systems: Global modeling to inform decision makingCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
"Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century: Climate change mitigation opportunities and challenges" was presented by Lini Wollenberg online at the KfW Webinar on May 28, 2020.
This presentation by Cristina Arias-Navarro (INRA) was given on the 26 of June 2019 as part of the SB50 side event – Enhancing NDC Ambition Through Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration. Country representatives and experts discussed the potential of soil organic carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation option and gaps between countries’ current and potential commitments.
More info: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ccafs-sb50-enhancing-ndc-ambition-through-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration
Presentation by Jeremy Bird, DG, International Water Management Institute, at the CCAFS Workshop on Institutions and Policies to Scale out Climate Smart Agriculture held between 2-5 December 2013 in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Presentation by Stefan Frank, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
International conference on agricultural emissions and food security: Connecting research to policy and practice
10-13 September 2018
Berlin, Germany
Increasing the storage of carbon in the soil has been a controversial strategy for addressing climate change mitigation. What is the potential and why is there debate about this? How can we push beyond the debate to constructive action?
Lini Wollenberg, a Gund Fellow, is an anthropologist and natural resource management specialist concerned with rural livelihoods and the environment. She currently leads a research program on Low Emissions Agricultural Development for the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), based at the University of Vermont. Her work seeks to identify options for reducing the impacts of agricultural development and land use on the climate, while also improving livelihoods for the poor in developing countries.
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, CCAFS, on September 11, 2020 as part of the GundxChange Series.
Presentation by Rob Vos, Director for Agricultural Development Economics (ESA) at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
February 2, 2016
Washington, DC
Sandra Broka (The World Bank) • 2021 IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series: "Climate Cha...Lina Abdelfattah
IFPRI Egypt Seminar Series provides a platform for all people striving to identify and implement evidence-based policy solutions that sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The series is part of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded project called “Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity” (EIBC) that is implemented by IFPRI.
Presentation made by Andy Jarvis in Kathmandu, Nepal on 14th September 2016 at the "Climate Smart Village Approach in Nepal" meeting organised by CCAFS, CIMMYT, Government of Nepal and others.
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) at University of Copenhagen, 13 June 2012. Visit www.ccafs.cgiar.org for more.
Impacts of climate change on livestock sector and Kenya’s preparedness on the...ILRI
Presented by Robin M. Mbae (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenya) at the Expert panel: Sustainable solutions for the livestock sector: the time is ripe! 10th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, Berlin, 19 January 2018
Climate change and food systems: Global modeling to inform decision makingCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
"Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century: Climate change mitigation opportunities and challenges" was presented by Lini Wollenberg online at the KfW Webinar on May 28, 2020.
This presentation by Cristina Arias-Navarro (INRA) was given on the 26 of June 2019 as part of the SB50 side event – Enhancing NDC Ambition Through Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration. Country representatives and experts discussed the potential of soil organic carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation option and gaps between countries’ current and potential commitments.
More info: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ccafs-sb50-enhancing-ndc-ambition-through-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration
There is a renewed interest in the role of agriculture at the climate change negotiations, as evidenced by a number of interesting side-events during COP 16 in Cancun. The reason is simple: Agriculture and related activities account for a third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most of which can be mitigated, an opportunity that policy makers simply cannot afford to miss. What’s more, some of the techniques that sequester carbon have the added advantage of building the water-retention capacity and nutrient content of soils, hence contributing to a triple-win situation where mitigation, adaptation and yield increases are all addressed.
In response to this, SIANI and Sida arranged a one-day workshop on the theme From Source to Sink: How to make Agriculture part of the Solution to Climate Change while contributing to Poverty Alleviation? The main purpose of the workshop was to link the multiple potentials of agriculture to other development goals such as over-all poverty alleviation and food security, with particular reference to the needs of smallholder farmers who make up 70% of the world’s poorest people.
Is soil organic carbon sequestration really feasible? How to scale it up?Soils FAO-GSP
GSP Webinar: RECSOIL: Recarbonization of Global Soils, 17 June 2020, Zoom platform. Presentation by Pete Smith, Professor of Soils and Global Change, Aberdeen University and Science Director of Scotland’s ClimateXChange.
The earliest breakthrough in soil carbon trading has occurred in regional Australia. Louisa Kiely from Carbon Farmers of Australia explains how they work.
A science-policy dialog on why and where ambition for soil organic carbon should be enhanced and the issues countries face in enhancing ambition.
Side event at SBSTA 50.
This presentation includes the agenda, key messages, and conclusions. The presentations are available separately and at:
https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ccafs-sb50-enhancing-ndc-ambition-through-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration
This event is co-sponsored by:
4P1000
Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD)
The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Low Emissions Development
Institute of Research for Development (IRD), France
National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), France
University of Vermont Gund Institute for Environment, Rubenstein School for Environment and Natural Resources
Rising to the challenge of establishing a climate smart agriculture - a global context presented as keynote in the Workshop on Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Asia workshop, organised by CCAFS, UNEP and IRRI.
All of the presentations from the webinar on "Enhancing investment in soil health and carbon storage: Frontiers for linking finance and carbon accounting" held on 10 September 2020.
This event is co-organized by CCAFS, The Nature Conservancy, 4 per 1000 Executive Secretariat, World Bank and the Meridian Institute. Learn more: https://bit.ly/3k68hkr
Panelists included:
-Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS
-Tim Mealey, Meridian Institute
-Deborah Bossio, The Nature Conservancy
-Martien van Nieuwkoop, World Bank Group
-Keith Paustian, Colorado State University
-Stefan Jirka, Manager LandScale, Verra
-Dan Harburg, Director, Indigo
-William Salas, President of Dagan, Inc
-Aldyen Donnelly, Director of Carbon Economics, Nori
-Debbie Reed, Executive Director of Ecosystem Services Market Consortium (ESMC)
-Beverley Henry, Institute for Future Environments-QUT
-Pamela M. Bachman, Digital Agriculture & Sustainability Lead, The Climate Corporation, a subsidiary of Bayer
-Ronald Vargas, Global Soil Carbon Partnership - FAO
-Paul Luu, 4per1000
La Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación acaba de publicar un informe en el que se señala la importancia de carbono orgánico de los suelos orientado a los decisores políticos y que se presentará en la próxima reunión de la UNFCCC sobre cambio climático que se celebrará en París (COP21).
Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Impacto de las intervenciones agricolas y de salud para reducir la deficienci...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv.
Presentado por Byron Reyes, CIAT/ Harvestplus
Agricultura sensible a la nutrición en el Altiplano. Explorando las perspecti...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
El rol de los padres en la nutrición del hogarCIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Jennifer Twyman, Líder de investigación de Género en el CIAT
Impacto del Cambio Climático en la Agricultura de República DominicanaCIAT
El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), con el apoyo de los Programas de Investigación de CGIAR sobre Políticas, Instituciones y Mercados (PIM) y sobre Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), se han asociado para comprender, a través de la ciencia, el impacto del cambio climático en cultivos claves y el impacto económico en la productividad de la agricultura en países de ALC.
BioTerra: Nuevo sistema de monitoreo de la biodiversidad en desarrollo por el...CIAT
BioTerra es un sistema innovador de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas desarrollado por el Programa Riqueza Natural de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), y sus socios locales – el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y el Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) – para apoyar al gobierno colombiano en el cumplimiento de las metas y compromisos de conservación de la biodiversidad. Este sistema busca complementar y aunar esfuerzos existentes de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas, a nivel nacional y regional.
Cacao for Peace Activities for Tackling the Cadmium in Cacao Issue in Colo...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to forkCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study ...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Geographical Information System Mapping for Optimized Cacao Production in Col...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Técnicas para disminuir la disponibilidad de cadmio en suelos de cacaoterasCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Seguridad alimentaria, agricultura y cambio climático: retos presentes y futurosCIAT
Ana María Loboguerrero, Líder del Programa Regional para América Latina, Programa de Investigación de CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS)
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Scaling up soil carbon enhancement contributing to mitigate climate change
1. SESSION 3 – THE FOUR PILLARS:
IV. CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL MITIGATION
Scaling up soil carbon enhancement
contributing to mitigate climate change
Rolf Sommer, Kristin Piikki, Mats Söderström,
Sylvia Nyawira, Mayesse da Silva,
Wuletawu Abera and
Job Kihara
r.sommer@cgiar.org
The 4 per 1000 Africa Symposium - Building
synergies across Africa to advance on soils for
food security and climate, Johannesburg, South
Africa 24-26 October 2018
2. "If you torture the data long enough,
it will confess to anything!“
Ronald Coase, Economist, Nobel Price laureate 1991 (Economics)
2
5. Connected thinking, compelling solutions
WLE is a global research-for-development program connecting partners to
deliver agriculture solutions that enhance natural resources – and the lives
of people who rely on them
5
7. Soil organic carbon sequestration – rationale
Agriculture is a major
contributor to climate change!
• Ag production : ~12 %
• Land use change: ~12 %
7
Agriculture, Forestry
and
Other Land Use
(AFOLU)
Greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector
(IPCC AR5)
Total emissions worldwide (2012)
14.14 Gt C
Source: EcoFys 2016
8. Soils contain massive
amounts of carbon, i.e.
little changes can make a
big difference!
9
Carbon pool Amount (billion
tons C)
Ocean ~39,000
Atmosphere 785
Biotic 466 – 835
Geologic (coal, gas oil) 4,000 – 5,000
Soil, organic carbon 1,220 – 1,550
Soil, inorganic carbon 750 – 950
Soil, total (1 m depth) 2,000 – 2,500
Soil organic carbon sequestration – rationale
9. 1. Large losses of soil organic matter
have occurred in agricultural soils
2. These losses provide an
opportunity
3. The recoverable carbon reserve
capacity of the world’s agricultural
and degraded soils is estimated to
be between 21 to 51 Gt of carbon
(FAO, 2017)
10
(Sommer et al. 2018)
Soil organic carbon sequestration – rationale
10. Enhancing soil carbon
improves soil fertility, soil
health and helps increasing
agricultural productivity and
resilience!
Soil organic carbon sequestration
– rationale
11. Scaling up soil carbon enhancement
contributing to mitigate climate change
1. What could be achieved in
terms of climate change
mitigation?
2. What practices?
3. Where?
4. What is required to make it
happen?
12
12. 1. What could be achieved in terms of
climate change mitigation?
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13. Dynamics and climate change mitigation potential
of SOC sequestration (Sommer & Bossio, 2014)
SOC sequestration follows a
saturation curve
+
Uptake of improved practices
does take time
14
• The projected 87-year (2014-2100) global
SOC seq. potential of agricultural land ranged between 31 and 64 Gt. (0.36 to 0.74 Gt/yr)
• Global climate change mitigation potential:
• 1.9-3.9 % of the SRES-A2 projected 87-year anthropogenic emissions
• 10-21 % of 4p1000 target
=
15. Zomer, Bossio, Sommer, Verchot (2017) Nature Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15794-8
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Geospatial estimation of the global sequestration
potential of increased organic carbon in cropland
Worldwide croplands could
sequester between
0.90 and 1.85 Gt C/yr,
= 26–53 % of the target of
4p1000
But, unlikely to happen that
way…!
18. The impact of Conservation Agriculture
• Significant differences
between CA and business-
as-usual (BAU) in the top
20 cm: ~7.5 t C/ha
• CA practiced between 8-15
years, i.e. avoided SOC loss
or sequestration rates:
~0-5 – 0.9 t C/ha/yr
19
Topsoil (0 - 20 cm) Subsoil (20 - 40 cm) 0-40 cm
CA BAU CA BAU CA BAU
25
50
75
100
10
20
30
40
50
10
20
30
40
50
Land management
SOC(Mg/ha)
lulc
BAU
CA
a b a a a b
* **
Western Kenya, Bungoma County
Different letters indicate statistically significant differences: * at P < 0.05; ** at P < 0.10
(Sommer et al. 2018)
19. Avoiding C-losses but failing to sequester…!
2. Land use history seems the major
driver of losses!
20
ISFM
17
19
21
23
25
1/Jan/05 1/Jan/08 1/Jan/11 1/Jan/14
SOC(g/kg)
FYM+ R+
FYM+ R-
FYM- R+
FYM- R-
LSD
Conservation Agriculture
17
19
21
23
25
1/Jan/05 1/Jan/08 1/Jan/11 1/Jan/14
0T R+
CT R+
CT R-
0T R-
LSDs, same
level of tillage
CIAT long-term trials, Western Kenya – observed SOC changes over time under improved land use
1. Instead of C-sequestration, we
detect losses!
Source: Sommer et al. 2018
Avoided losses: ~0.1-0.7 t C/ha/yr
21. Developing the predictive capacity to quantify the
impact of improved land management
• Pedotransfer function to predict
SOC under CA using: clay, silt,
sand; relative slope; valley depth;
elevation; wetness index; cross-
sectional curvature; aspect
(Sommer et al. 2018)
22
SOCCA [g/kg] = - 4.033 + 0.0141*clay -
8.571*rel. slope pos. - 0.0018*valley
depth + 0.0049*elev. - 0.227*w. index
• A boundary plane approach to map
hotspots for soil carbon seq. potential
(Piikki et al. submitted):
𝑧 = a +
𝑏
𝑥
+
𝑐
𝑦
+
𝑑
𝑥𝑦
22. SOC sequestration hotspot mapping
• Digital soil mapping of
actual and potential SOC
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Western Kenya, Murugusi Watershed
(Sommer et al. 2018)
23. Potential changes in SOC in response to an adoption of CA
• Wide variation in
estimated gains
• Coarse-textured soils
and soils with high SOC
may lose carbon
• Total SOC seq. on all
cropland (6582 ha):
131,000 t C
(~20 t C/ha)
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(Sommer et al. 2018)
25. Impact pathway
• Stakeholder engagement, stakeholder
engagement, stakeholder
engagement…!
• Agreed-upon priority intervention
regions, and scientific/institutional
alignment
• Assessment of tradeoffs, as well as
PES to endorse SOC-seq in smallholder
farming systems and rangelands
• Do we need thorough biophysical
monitoring, or can PES be implemented
based only on the adoption of good
agricultural practices?
26
26. • The Kenya Agricultural Carbon
Project (KACP)
• Aim:
• The project promotes Sustainable
Agricultural Land Management (SALM)
practices for implementation on
smallholder farms for livelihood
improvement and generation of GHG
removals through soil and tree carbon
sequestration.
• BioCarbon fund payments from WB
• The resulting carbon credit is considered a
co-benefit and paid to farmer groups as
rewards
Achievements: 2009 to date
• 29,497 farmers in 1730 farmer groups
• 21,966 ha under SALM,
• 30-50 % higher maize yields,
• more months of food self-sufficiency
• higher level of monthly savings
Carbon:
184,447 t CO2e
(verified and farmers paid carbon)
Source: Miriam Nalianya, Vi Agroforestry
28. CIAT Team
Rolf Sommer, Mayesse da Silva,
Mats Söderström, Kristin Piikki,
Job Kihara, Birthe Paul,
Andrew Margenot, John Mukalama,
John Mutua, Wuletawu Abera,
Lulseged Tamene, Tesfaye Yaekob,
Evan Girvetz
Editor's Notes
Fundado en 1967 en Cali
250 científicos
Opera en tres regiones:
América Latina y Caribe (Cali - Oficina Central) – todos países
África subsahariana (Nairobi y Kampala) – 28 países
Sudeste de Asia (Vietnam) – China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia y Tailandia
Presupuesto de 130 millones de US$ (donaciones y proyectos)
Reducir el hambre y la pobreza, y mejorar la nutrición humana en los trópicos a través de investigación dirigida a incrementar la agricultura eco-eficiente