Professor Peter Grace says carbon rich soil is "your superannuation", it's not about carbon credits, it's about productivity. He sketches the potential for rangelands to sequester carbon. NOTE: The presentation and data therein is for information only and can only be reproduced with permission of the author.

1. Rangelands and GHG Calculators Peter R. Grace Queensland University of Technology Orange, NSW 19 November, 2008

6. Soil C vs CO 2 v Temperature vs H 2 O 6% loss in topsoil C by 2100 (Grace et al, 2006)

8. Global Dataset – Pasture Management

9. Predicted Soil C change (0-10 cm) 6 t/ha pasture Mudgee, NSW

10. Predicted Soil C change (0-10 cm) 3 t/ha crop Mudgee, NSW

13. Land Use

14. Soils

15. Potential Soil C Sequestration Rangelands (0-100 cm) *SOCRATES (Grace et al., 2006) 927 253 437 TOTAL 407 111 1.48 75 Vertosol 39 11 0.12 89 Tenosol 187 51 0.74 69 Sodosol 18 5 0.12 42 Rudosol 8 2 0.74 3 Kurosol 168 46 0.51 90 Kandosol 18 5 1.23 4 Ferrosol 19 5 0.74 7 Dermosol 43 12 0.74 16 Chromosol 18 5 0.12 42 Calcarosol Total Mt CO 2 Total Mt C C increase (t/annum) Area (Mha) Soil type

16. Actual (??) Soil C Sequestration Rangelands (0-100 cm) *SOCRATES (Grace et al., 2006) Methane oxidation < 1.0 Mt CO 2 9.3 2.53 43.7 TOTAL 4.07 1.11 0.15 7.5 Vertosol .39 .11 0.01 8.9 Tenosol 1.87 .51 0.07 6.9 Sodosol .18 .05 0.01 4.2 Rudosol .08 .02 0.07 0.3 Kurosol 1.68 .46 0.05 9.0 Kandosol .18 .05 0.12 0.4 Ferrosol .19 .05 0.07 0.7 Dermosol .43 .12 0.07 1.6 Chromosol .18 .05 0.01 4.2 Calcarosol Total Mt CO 2 Total Mt C C increase (t/annum) Area (Mha) Soil type

17. Main Sources of On-Farm GHGs CH 4 CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O CO 2 Soil type, climate and management specific

18. Anthropogenic Sources of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Globally Total Impact 2.0 Pg C equiv 1.2 Pg C equiv Source IPCC 2001; from Robertson 2004 (compare to fossil fuel CO 2 loading = 3.3 PgC per year) Industry Industry Agricultural soils Biomass burning Cattle & feedlots Agriculture Agriculture Energy Other combustion Landfills Enteric fermentation Waste treatment Rice cultivation Biomass burning CH 4 N 2 O

23. 1 1.25% loss 154.0 Direct loss Fertiliser N 2 O 1 12.6 Dung and faeces 8.9 Dryland 492.5 TOTAL -47 Trees Sinks CO 2 138 Animals CH 4 106.4 Diesel 10.8 Petrol 0.2 Electricity Fuel/power CO 2 58.2 Irrigated 8.2 Dryland Soil CO 2 3.5 Leaching 12.2 Atmos. Deposit Other N 2 O 1 7.1 Irrigated cotton 19 Irrigated cereal 0 Pasture Crop N 2 O 1 Total CO 2 (e) (tonnes) Source Category

24. 1 0.5% loss 61.5 Direct loss Fertiliser N 2 O 1 12.6 Dung and faeces 8.9 Dryland 431.5 TOTAL -47 Trees Sinks CO 2 138 Animals CH 4 106.4 Diesel 10.8 Petrol 0.2 Electricity Fuel/power CO 2 58.2 Irrigated 8.2 Dryland Soil CO 2 3.5 Leaching 12.2 Atmos. Deposit Other N 2 O 1 7.1 Irrigated cotton 19 Irrigated cereal 0 Pasture Crop N 2 O 1 Total CO 2 (e) (tonnes) Source Category

27. Portable Greenhouse Gas Monitoring

28. Global Greenhouse Gas Network

36. SE Australia Greenhouse Gas Assessment

37. Carbon Sequestration (no-till) South-East Australia (0-30 cm)

49. Questions?