The presentation makes the case for "tree-rich" agriculture and pastoralist systems in Niger - and the Sahel. It explores carbon financing for development of governance arrangements.

2. Field visit: Niger, Tillabery, 2009

3. One spot, two views: trees can grow in semi-arid pastoral landscapes – but are often absent

4. Field visit: Niger, Dosso, August 2010

5. Agroforestry increases production of tree crops – but also of food crops

6. Large stretches of land are bare in Niger – these lateritic soils are difficult to make productive …

7. … yet, ICRISAT identified trees that people can grow on such land – if they are allowed their tenure rights as well. This tree can be pruned for fuel every 2-3 years.

8. If you drive through green stretches, you feel the fresh air.

9. Fuel wood has a good local market

10. Agroforestry increases production of tree crops – but also of food crops

11. August 2010: the Niger river floods and > 25,000 hh (?) are deplaced

12. Programmes for creation of horticulture value chains get a blow – as just before the Ramadan floods destroy crops

13. Short heavy rains destroy people’s cash crops if the agricultural system at large cannot cope with it

17. Key components of a possible programme

20. Future multi-actor, multi-layer arrangements for agroforestry Global level: - Carbon market; model development / research; access for agroforestry -Kick-start funding; access to global market, National level: multi-actor co-ordination for: -rural strategy, climate strategy etc; Agroforestry policy (incl. tree tenure) -Local-level capacity building, research -Regional level MRV, sanctioning CERs, managing credit flows Regional level: multi-actor coordination for: -Land Use / agroforestry Planning -realisation of tenure rights -Farmers’ organisation -capacity building; market development -local MRV Communities, Individual, pastoralists, agriculturists Goal: Land restoration for productivity / livelihood Local Government, chefferie, NGO, Farmers’ Organisation, business Local level: -Diverse Agroforestry Implementation -utilisation & marketing of tree products Line Ministry, CNEDD, POs, INGOs, IFAD, research, etc. UNFCCC, carbon market, research, donors, INGO

21. Agroforestry Land Use Planning: Prefecture X; Yr 1

22. Agroforestry Land Use Planning: Prefecture X; Yr 2

23. Agroforestry Land Use Planning: Prefecture X; Yr 4

24. Agroforestry Land Use Planning: Prefecture X; Yr 6

25. Agroforestry Land Use Planning: Prefecture X; Yr 10

26. Agroforestry Land Use Planning: Prefecture X; Yr 15

28. Possible programme outline (1) Preparatory phase (End) Sustain the new level of productivity and phase out carbon credit funding Financing by donor investments in adaptation & mitigation opportunities Financing by carbon credits & development funding Financing by local taxation Local Agro-forestry Planning Agroforestry Plan -Implementation Measure CO2 sequestered & claim credit Document, reflect, learn (2) Implementation phase (3) Programme phasing out

31. Mamadou Hassane, Executive Secretary of MOORIBEN - a 60,000 member farmers’ organisation: “we need the Government to take the lead to change our agricultural system” Entusiasm of key stakeholders...?

32. In some areas in Niger the vision is reality. Prof. Adam Toudou, CRESA, Niamey: “3-5 million ha of semi-arid lands in Niger are now under “agro-park” coverage”

33. Two people at one table think up an outline for a national agroforestry programme