This document discusses the challenges of climate change for global food security and the role of climate-smart agriculture. It summarizes the following key points: 1. Climate change is already causing crop yield losses in some areas and extreme weather events are expected to intensify in the future, threatening global food security. 2. Climate-smart agriculture promotes technologies, practices, and policies that help communities adapt to climate change, reduce greenhouse gases, and ensure future food security. 3. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security is working with partners in various regions to research, promote, and implement climate-smart agriculture through activities like developing climate information services, insurance products, and policies to support resilient

1. Climate-smart agriculture:
Food security in a warmer and more
climate-extreme world

2. 1. Warmer and more extreme:- the global
challenge
2. Rising to the challenge: CGIAR & CCAFS
3. Systems research: Linking knowledge and
action

3. IPCC AR5 in April 2014:
global diagnosis for the next seven
years?

5. Evidence that yields losses occur
already
Lobell et al 2011

6. Cheung et al 2010

7. Extremes will intensify
warm spells or heat waves
droughts
heavy rainfall events
local flooding
extreme coastal high water levels
IPCC, 2012

9. Losses from weather-related disasters have increased
Munich Re, 2011
Overall Losses
Of which insured losses
US$ billions (2010 dollars)

10. Magnitude and sources of GHGs
Indirect -
deforestation
Soils
Enteric
Manure
Rice
Burning
Vermeulen et al (2012)

11. Can Agriculture be excused from emission
targets?
Gt CO2e per year
12 15
Ag must do its part
36
70
2010 2050
(Business as usual)
2050
(2°C target)
Non-agricultural
emissions
Agricultural and
land-use change
emissions
>70%
48
85
21
World Resources Institute (2014)

12. 2. How can
we rise to the
challenges?
Role for CGIAR
& CCAFS?

13. What is Climate Smart Agriculture?

14. Proposed goal 13: Take
urgent action to combat
climate change and its
impacts
Aim to enhance the
resilience of 500 million
people in agriculture by
2030
Reduce emissions intensity of
agriculture by 21% by 2030

17. 2. Climate information
services and climate-informed
safety nets
4. Policies and institutions for
climate-resilient food systems
1. Climate smart
technologies, practices, and
portfolios

18. Capacity
Development
Gender
IDO1: Enhanced food
security
IDO2: Benefits to women
and marginalised groups
IDO3: Enhanced adaptive
capacity to climate risks
IDO5: Reduced GHGs and
forest conversion
IDO4: Policies supporting
Working with partners to change climate-resilient agriculture
opinions and worldviews
Working with
partners to
understand what
works
Working with
partners to make
it happen
Research evidence
Policy and
Institutional Change
CSA implementation

19. Coffee-banana intercropping
3
2
1
0
2268 $ ha yr 4307 1286 $ ha yr 1770
Monocrops Intercrops
Arabica
(t/ha)
Banana
(tenth
t/ha)
Arabica systems
Arabica Banana
1.5
1
0.5
0
Monocrops Intercrops
Robusta
(t/ha)
Banana
(tenth
t/ha)
Robusta systems
Robusta Banana
More carbon in the
system
Diversification
Decreases drought impacts
Increased income
Enhanced food security

20. weather index
for a crop in
an area
technological
innovations to
generate
weather data
Community-based
monitoring

21. Protocol for GHG emissions in smallholder systems
Heterogeneous landscapes
Mixed farming systems
Capacity strengthening
Methods and equipment

22. • Assess current practice in 12
countries
• Lessons for improving process
and outcomes

23. Regional programs

24. 3. Systems Research:
linking knowledge
and action

25. 1. Vision, targets, indicators
VISION 2025 FOR LATIN AMERICA
Instead of being totally dependent on climate variability (droughts, floods, landslides), the agricultural sector in Latin America (LAM) climate to its advantage, or at least to
avoid the bulk of negative consequences. LAM farmers and agricultural sector to climate variability and challenges, and sustainable
and climate adapted practices food insecurity. Policy makers and planners at the national level climate information and tools plans
and strategies, and to make climate information useful and applicable for end-users. Policy makers and planners policy and interventions that
combine and consider the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation towards a low emissions agricultural development.
LAM’s FP1 2019 Outcome
LAM’s producers associations CSA
context-specific practices through strengthened extension
services rescuing ancient and traditional knowledge. Local
governments equitable local agricultural development
plans using CSA context-specific portfolios assessed
economically their investments focusing
on climate variability challenges. NARS demand-driven
outputs with sufficient technological capacity to address
agricultural sector needs to face climate challenges. Private
sector with producer’s associations, local and national
governments CSA involving
agricultural market agents through innovative approaches
(incentives along value chain to access to certification
schemes). National governments CSA approach based
on successful experiences developed at local level.
LAM’s FP2 2019 Outcome
Meteorological Services tailored climate
information for decision-makers both at national and
local level. Ministries of Agriculture
tailored agro-climate services through
extension services to help smallholder farmers to
reduce climate risks, as well as food security
information to create informed safety nets. Research
institutions demand-driven insurance
options based on agro-climate information, seed
markets, and CSA context-specific options. Private
Sector to the development and
insurance options for smallholder
farmers.
LAM’s FP3 2019 Outcome
National governments
NAMAS and LEDS based on improved data on
smallholder agricultural GHG emissions and
equitable policies to strengthen
linkages among environment and agriculture in
order to avoid deforestation from commodity
agriculture, promote restoration to increase
carbon sequestration and reduce GHG emissions
from livestock and commodities. Research
organizations improved data on
smallholder agricultural GHG emissions. Local
governments to the development of
NAMAS and LEDS action plans at local level.
LAM’s FP4 2019 Outcome
National governments
equitable food systems policies and
strategies taking adaptation into
consideration to support national and
regional policy and global climate change
negotiations. Private institutions
of NAPs and
equivalent policies with their respective
investment plans addressing climate
challenges to increase food security and
resilience to changes in climate.
LAM FP2 MOGs
1. Tailored climate and agro-climate information such
as seasonal forecasts and food security information
2. Climate-informed tools for safety net decision
makers and participatory early warning systems
3. Targeted dissemination mechanisms for rural
communities and climate-informed decision
making-process tools
4. Agriculture insurance packages
5. National and regional support climate-informed
tools for investment in climate informed
agricultural and food security decision-making
LAM FP3 MOGs
1. Options for silvopastoral, agroforestry and forest
management systems, Sustainable intensification
of cattle systems options, improved data on
emissions estimations at smallholder level and
bank of land-use based options.
2. Enhanced practice and evidence-base outputs to
support NAMAS in both commodities (basic
grains, coffee) and livestock
3. Economic modeling and scenarios of land use
change
4. Development landscapes and ecosystems
restoration and deforestation reduction options
LAM FP4 MOGs
1. Targeted decision-support tools to
address increase in investments from
both public and private institutions
(Analogues, AMKN, among others)
2. Planning guidelines and
recommendations considering equity
and social differentiation
3. Economic modelling to support
decision making processes
4. Scenarios analysis including global and
regional models to support decisions
on policy and investments
5. Learning platforms and South-south
exchange mechanisms.
LAM FP1 MOGs
1. Context-specific CSA portfolios and evidence reports on
integration of ancient and traditional knowledge
2. Economic analysis of equitable best bet CSA practices and
technological packages
3. Prioritization tools to support decision making and community
level learning process outputs
4. Crowdsourcing, climate site specific agriculture approach
5. Evidence to generate building capacity to support local
adaptation processes to scale up and out the successful
approaches in the region
6. Public-private partnerships, certification schemes

26. 2. Integrative thinking
Index-based
insurance
Climate
information
services
Climate-smart
technologies
Local
adaptation
plans
• Policy
• Private sector
• Development
initiatives
• Learning sites
• Multiple partners
Climate
smart
villages
3. Vision on scaling up

27. 12 million
farmers & 40
different crops
insured
Prioritisation
Weather-based insurance
Diversification
Direct seeding
Laser levelling
Cell phone advisories (inc. gender targeted)
Agriculture Insurance
Company of India
4. Managing
complexity
5. Partnership
everywhere

28. Strong national engagement

29. Vision: Africa 25 X 25

30. Engaging investors as partners not funders
• Opportunities to mitigate GHG emissions in
their food security programming
• Opportunities where Feed the Future
interventions can be aligned with climate
change priorities

31. CSA Prioritisation
Pilots: Colombia;
Mali; Vietnam; India
6. Listen: to select
science that matters

32. 7. Open data and
information

33. 8. Integrating research and
communications
Launched COP19
Over 8500 dowloads
Over 9000 hard copies distributed
2013
Showcasing
successes in CSA

34. Example: Seasonal
weather forecasts in
Senegal
15 community radio stations
2 million farmers get forecasts
better food security outcomes

36. 9. Management authority
• Program Management Team
• Independent Science Panel (no Centers or major Partners
as substantive members)
• Can hire and fire management team members
• Can set budgets and workplans
10. Good funding
• To have strategic coherence and ability to
implement at scale need Windows 1 and 2

37. www.ccafs.cgiar.org
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