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CSA.pptx
- 1. Climate-Smart Agriculture Federica Matteoli Natural Resources Officer Climate and Environment Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
- 2. Why the agriculture sectors need Climate-Smart Agriculture more than ever
- 3. CSA More relevant than ever Recent developments in the UNFCCC process have brought agriculture fully into global climate change negotiations and positioned CSA as a highly strategic initiative: First, the relevance of CSA is reflected very clearly in the large number of countries that include agriculture in their Nationally Determined Contributions— both as regards adaptation and mitigation— under the Paris Climate Accord. Then, at COP23 in Bonn in November 2017, negotiators reached a landmark agreement to have the Subsidiary Body for Science and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) review issues associated with agriculture by using workshops and technical expert meetings.
- 4. What is Climate-Smart Agriculture? 1. to sustainably increase agricultural productivity and improve the incomes and livelihoods of farmers 3 PILLARS OF CSA 2. to build resilience and adaptation to climate change; and 3. to reduce and/or remove GHG emissions, where possible. 5 ACTIONS TO IMPLEMENT A CSA APPROACH Expanding the evidence base Supporting enabling policy frameworks Strengthening national and local institutions Enhancing financing options Implementing practices at field level
- 5. How to address the multiple demands placed on agriculture?
- 6. 1. Expand the evidence base Assessing the situation • What are actual and predicted CC impacts at sub-national levels? • Which areas or farming systems and households have highest exposure & sensitivity? • Which agricultural practices and livelihood strategies best respond to improve productivity, incomes and resilience? • What are the mitigation potentials? Identifying and evaluating potential climate-smart options for adapting to the expected impacts of climate change while at the same time supporting sustainable agricultural development. • use economic and social criteria that are in line with national food security and development objectives • consideration needs to be given to the potential synergies and trade-offs for the proposed climate-smart agriculture interventions relative to the baseline activities Determining the institutional and financing needs that must be met to implement the priority actions • What are costs and barriers to adoption? • identifying issues related to the sustainability of production systems and preparing the required policy and institutional responses
- 7. 2. Support enabling policy frameworks (e.g. national agricultural development plans, provisional and local extensions to national plans) There may be a need to modify existing policy measures to exploit the synergies and minimize the trade-offs between the three obj of CSA However, some trade-offs may have to be accepted and possibly compensated for when achieving synergies is not possible Before designing new CSA policies: assess the intended and unintended effects of a wide range of current international and national agricultural and non-agricultural agreements and policies on climate-smart agriculture objectives, and take into account other national development priorities focus on filling policy gaps and contribute to a country-driven approach to capacity development in the short and long term Understanding the socio-economic and gender-differentiated barriers and incentive mechanisms that determine the adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices
- 8. 3. Strengthen national and local institutions Increase cross-sectoral dialogues to enhance coordination between institutions dealing with agricultural, climate change, social protection, food security and other issues at the local, national and international levels. These dialogues can take the form of dedicated workshops to consider emerging policies, or presentations and discussions among standing committees or public sector bodies involved in policy formation. Build the capacities of national policy makers to participate in international policy fora on climate change and agriculture, and reinforce their engagement with local government authorities.
- 9. 4. Enhancing financing options Innovative financing mechanisms to climate finance and agricultural investments from the public and private sectors are central to implementing climate-smart agriculture. New climate financing mechanisms, such as the Green Climate Fund, may be a way of spurring sustainable agricultural development. Strong Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), are key national policy instruments for creating links to national and international sources of finance. National sector budgets and official development assistance will continue to be the main sources of funding. Integrating climate change issues into sector planning and budgeting is a prerequisite for successfully addressing the impacts of climate change. Linking climate finance to agricultural investments requires the capacity to measure, report and verify that interventions that have received funding are indeed generating adaptation and mitigation benefits. An evidence base for climate-smart agriculture can provide much of the information needed for making this link.
- 10. 5. Implementing practices in the field Farmers, pastoralists, foresters and fisherfolk are the primary custodians of knowledge about their environment, agricultural ecosystems, crops, livestock, forests, fish and local climatic patterns. Efforts to adapt a climate-smart agriculture approach to a specific setting must take into account local producers’ knowledge, requirements and priorities. Local project managers and institutions can engage with agricultural producers to identify suitable climate-smart agriculture options that can be easily adopted and implemented.
- 11. Global Alliance for Climate- Smart Agriculture (GACSA) GACSA is an inclusive, voluntary and action-oriented multi-stakeholder platform on Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). FAO is a partner in GACSA, was heavily involved in creating the alliance, and hosts the facilitation unit (Secretariat). Through an Italian funded project, CBC represents FAO in GACSA, the Strategic Committee and the Action Groups on Knowledge, Enabling Environment and Investment. Through the Italian funded project CBC has co-convened the Knowledge Action Group (KAG) composed of GACSA members and interested stakeholders from 2013-16: support to development of knowledge products, online consultations, webinars on CSA, and to international and regional workshops with GACSA’s network of 5,000 experts.
- 12. FAO’s Pilot Project for CSA in Africa The Mitigation of Climate-Change in Agriculture (MICCA) Programme carried out two pilot projects in East Africa to provide evidence that climate-smart agricultural practices can mitigate climate change, improve farmers’ livelihoods and make local communities better able to adapt to climate change. United Republic of Tanzania Kenya • A hillside conservation agriculture project • Soil conservation and zero tillage practices • Over an area of 17 000 ha • Involved nearly 4 000 households • Worked with smallholder dairy producers in the Rift Valley • 179 000 small holder farmers • More profitable production and marketing of milk • Support farmers in raising climate-smart cattle
- 13. Climate-Smart Agriculture practices and food systems: The case of small family crop diversification in Malawi Farming households can spread production and income risk over a wider range of crops. Diversification can produce agronomic benefits in terms of pest management and soil quality and nutritional benefits by promoting dietary diversity depending on the crop combination. Crop diversification is an important adaptation and vulnerability reduction strategy that can help distribute risk Increase productivity and stabilize incomes of small-scale family farmers, thus improving food access. THE BENEFITS AND IMPACTS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION:
- 14. Alternate wetting and drying for more efficient rice farms in Vietnam Food and income: AWD maintains productivity & lowers water use and emissions. Reduced input use (water, fertilizers, insecticides) decreases costs and thus raises incomes. Adaptation: Reducing water use by up to 30% through AWD enables rice farmers in areas with growing water stress to continue to cultivate rice without adverse impacts on yield. Mitigation: AWD decreases the methane emissions by around 50% from rice cultivation
- 15. Early warning systems and their role to support governments on CSA in Uganda An Early warning system was designed for the whole of Karamoja region by ACTED in collaboration with the Local and National governments, UN agencies, and development partners. This system consists of collecting and analysing data monthly, scrutinizing the information generated and disseminating it to the community who is at risk in the region/district/sub-counties. This information, which is related to the level of vulnerability and the pending risk, is delivered in a timely manner. EARLY WARNING SYSTEM METHODOLOGY
- 16. Information Communication Technology Digital Services in Africa Weather and Crop calendar An application “Weather and Crop Calendar” combine information on weather forecasts and crop calendars. The applications will be developed initially for use in two countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: Senegal and Rwanda. The mobile application provides early warning services to highlight potential risks and help increase resilience. Climate Risk Management has proven to help farmers “make informed decisions, better manage risk, take advantage of favourable climate conditions, and adapt to change”.
- 17. Thank you!
Editor's Notes
- The number of undernourished people has increased from 784,4 to 821,2 million between 2015 and 2017, and the situation is worsening in South America and most regions of Africa. The latest 2018 FAO report on The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World – Building Climate Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition highlighted climate variability and extremes as key drivers behind the recent rise in global hunger. The agriculture sectors need climate action now in order to face the current and future impacts on food security and nutrition. There is a major need to scale up climate-smart agriculture implementation, policy and investment worldwide, particularly in Africa, to impede climate change impacts seriously compromising food security and nutrition, and exacerbating conflicts or migrations.
- Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an approach that seeks ways to improve the farmer’s productivity and income. It is an approach that helps farmers to adapt to a changing climate and contributes to the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. CSA is not a set of practices that can be universally applied, but rather an approach that involves different elements embedded on-farm and beyond the farm and incorporates technologies, policies, institutions and investment. FAO assists in identifying the locally appropriate agricultural practices and setting conducive policies and institutional frameworks; it also provides support in bringing these options to the field.
- Innovative financing mechanisms that improve the links between climate finance and agricultural investments from the public and private sectors are central to implementing climate-smart agriculture. New climate financing mechanisms, such as the Green Climate Fund, may be a way of spurring sustainable agricultural development. Strong Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), are key national policy instruments for creating links to national and international sources of finance. National sector budgets and official development assistance will continue to be the main sources of funding. Integrating climate change issues into sector planning and budgeting is a prerequisite for successfully addressing the impacts of climate change. Linking climate finance to agricultural investments requires the capacity to measure, report and verify that interventions that have received funding are indeed generating adaptation and mitigation benefits. An evidence base for climate-smart agriculture can provide much of the information needed for making this link.
- TANZANIA In the United Republic of Tanzania’s Uluguru Mountains, the MICCA pilot project carried out a hillside conservation agriculture project in which soil conservation and zero tillage practices were integrated into smallholders’ farm management as climate-smart solutions. MICCA's activities were carried out over an area of 17 000 ha and involved nearly 4 000 households. The project contributed to increasing the use of conservation agriculture practices and combined these practices with agroforestry, soil and water conservation and improved cook stoves. KENYA The MICCA pilot project team worked with smallholder dairy producers in the Rift Valley. The pilot project’s goal was to help 179 000 small holder farmers through the more profitable production and marketing of milk. MICCA and smallholder dairy producers used life cycle assessments and other approaches to test technical alternatives to improve the productivity and reduce the greenhouse gases from the integrated dairy production system. To support farmers in raising climate-smart cattle and to improve the overall greenhouse gas balance of farming systems The project looked at ways to enhance fodder production, improving manure and livestock management systems to produce fertilizer and biogas and reduce the GHG emissions from farm systems.
- In sub-Saharan Africa, many countries’ national food security relies on a few staple crops, particularly maize. This crop is produced mostly by small-scale family farmers under rain fed conditions, which makes households and national food security vulnerable to climate variability and extremes. For some Malawian households food consumption declines not only because of decreases in income but also because households have less of their own food production to consume. In Malawi, more diversified cropping systems – particularly those that incorporate legumes – have been shown to significantly reduce crop income variability compared with maize mono-cropping.
- ABOUT Kotido has been having drought, insecurity and food insecurity for several years, which has affected the people and also services, such as: health; water availability for both humans and livestock; diseases and pests for crops and livestock; insecurity; environment degradation; and many others. In an effort to assist the community there was a need to develop a system that would increase their resilience to the weather pattern, food insecurity and give timely information to the farmers on the impending disaster. METHODOLOGY By monitoring selected indicators, the district authorities can predict in advance the risk of drought, famine, disease and pest outbreaks, marketing, water availability for humans and livestock insecurity, etc. The system therefore acts as an alert signal to the communities, the relevant district departments and the development partners, on time, whenever a risk of disasters is rising and to initiate the implementation of preparedness measures in order to minimize the impact on the population. The Heads of Departments in the district can give recommendations to the various stakeholders on the best strategy to follow to help the communities get prepared.
- FAO and its partners are involved in the development and implementation of digital inclusion initiatives and the scaling up of innovative digital services. The apps and services can then be adapted for use in other countries as well. A particular emphasis will be put on needs of young, self-employed entrepreneurs, female headed households, breaking down the barriers for access and use of information through digital technologies. ICTs help maximizing the impact of existing rural advisory services, financial services, social protection programmes. ICTs facilitate access to markets, information and entrepreneurship opportunities. Digital inclusion initiatives address the barriers to mobile internet adoption through infrastructure and policy, affordability, digital literacy and availability of local content.